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1、第三章主谓一致主谓一致定义英语语法中,要求句子的主语和谓语在人称以及数量上保持一致。谓语动词的使用分为 两种情况:单数和复数;一般情况下,主语是复数主语,谓语动词采用复数形式;主语是单数主语,谓语动词采用单数形式。谓语动词单数复数be动词助动词实意动词直接加动词原形sh/ch/s/x/o 结尾,力口辅音加V结尾,情态动词情态动词无单复数的变化Two boys(be) playing in the river.译:这两个男孩正在河里玩耍。Tom(have) learned English for ten years. 译:汤姆学英语有两年时间了。(-)语法一致主语是单数,谓语用单数;主语是复数,
2、谓语用复数1)不定式 动名词 从句作主语一般用(注:后面表语是复数名词用复数)Passing the exam(be) the most important thing for us.译:When and where to build the company(have) not been decided.译:What we need(be) another chance.译:What we need(be) many cups for the picnic.译:2 )当句子主语由(许多I 和no修饰时,谓语动词用:Many a woman and many a man(be) paying a
3、ttention to the lecture.译:Every possible means(have) been tried in the past few hours.译:3)谓语动词单复数以所接名词的单复数为准的短语表示许多的:lots of/plenty of/a lot of/ a multitude of若接复数名词谓语用; 若接不可数名词,谓语用OA multitude of experts from the World Health Organization(object) to theprogram.译:表部分的:all of most of half of part of
4、some of the rest of 后若接复数 名词,谓语用;若接不可数名词,谓语用OSome of the the area(be) polluted by industrial wastewater.译:分数/百分数后若接复数名词,谓语用;若接不可数名词,谓语用Two thirds of the absent (provide) various of reasons for their absence.译:Ten percent of furniture(be) transported from Africa to America.译:(二)语义一致形单意复,谓语用型;形复邕里,谓语用
5、里数1)学科名词:以 结尾的 以-S结尾专有名词,如:politics (政治学),mathematics (数学),ethics (伦理学),physics (物理学)等,谓语通常用。Ethics(be) a kind of subject that we rarely learn in Middle school. 译:2 )表 等名词作主语时,谓语通常用Three(be) necessary for the group to make a plan. 译:3 )做主语表示一类人,谓语用 o如:the dead(去世的人),the diligent(勤奋的人),the young (年轻人
6、)等The old(be) well taken care of in the community. 译:4)谓语动词单复数以短语表义为准a number of +复数名词,谓语动词用the number of +复数名词,谓语动词用The number of the present(be) about 1 million and a number of them(be) from China.译:。ne of +复数名词谓语动词用the only one of +复数名词谓语动词用He is one of the students who(arrive)on time.He is the o
7、nly one of the students who(arrive) on time.5)集合名词做主语集合名词为复数的情况:police, people, militia (民兵),youth, cattle (牛群) The youth(be) a symbol of the country. 译:The cattle(be) rushing towards the crowded.译:牛群向人群冲过来了。集合名词为单数的情况:machinery (器械),merchandise (商品),furniture (家具), luggage (行李),equipment (装备),做主语时,
8、谓语用单数形式。All the furniture(be) made in China.译:所有的家具都是中国制造。Their luggage(be) sent by air.译:他们的行李都是空运的。集合名词可作单数,可作复数 audience, family, class, team, government, committee. 当指代整体时,谓语用单数;当指团体中的成员时,谓语用复数。The class(be) bigger than others and the class(be) having English lesson.译:这个班比其他班都大并且现在这个班的学生正在上英语课。6
9、 ) and连接的两个名词或代词做主语的主谓一致问题:一般情况:主语属于复数,谓语用复数。Tom and Jerry(be) good friends.译:汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。当主语前都有the/a/an修饰时,通常指二个人,谓语用复数;若只有第一个名词前 有修饰,则指一个人,谓语用单数。The singer and the actor(be) very famous.译:The singer and actor(be) very famous.译:由and连接的2个名词,但是指一个整体概念,谓语用单数。Law and order法律秩序Coffee and tea咖啡奶茶Early to b
10、ed and early to rise 早睡早起Bread and butter 黄油面包译:黄油面包是早餐一种较好的选择。(三)就近原则当句子中两个并列主语由(或者);(或者或者);(既不是也不 是);(不是而是);(不仅而且)等连接的以及句型中,谓语动词与离它 的主语的单复数保持一致。Not only Tom but also his friends(be) fond of watching television.译:Tom和他的朋友们都喜欢看电视。Not the lady but the other people(win) the game.译:不是这位女士而是其他人赢得了比赛。(Be
11、) either you or he to blame?译:是怪你还是怪他?There(be) an apple tree and many apples.译:这里有一颗苹果树和许多苹果。(四)就远原则当前后两个主语由以下四组结构连接时,谓语动词的单复数与离它 的主语的单复数保持一致。(1)表示和一起:, together with, along with, coupled with, accompanied with(2 )表示除了:but, except(3 )表示包括,也:besides, including, in addition to, as well as(4 )表示而不是,不少于:rather than, no less thanMary, coupled with her classmates,(have) been to the Forbidden City three times.译:Mary和她的同学已经去过紫禁城三次了。I no less than he(be) eager to go to the Summer Palace.译:我想去颐和园的意愿不少于他。Sherlock including Watson(be) popular among the young.译:夏洛克和华生都很受年轻人欢迎。
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