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1、下面用表格的形式给罗列出来,便于记忆英语共有十六种时态,其表现形式如下(以study为例):一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在study studiesam studying is studying are studyinghave studiedhas studiedhave been studying has been studying过去studiedwas studyingwere studyinghad studiedhad been studying将来shall study will studyshall be studying will be studyingshall have
2、 studied will have studiedshall have been studying will havebeen studying过去将 来should study would studyshould be studying would be studyingshould have studied would have studiedshould have been studying would have been studying时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的 动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下 的动词形式。英语时态分为16种
3、:一般现在时用法:A)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。B)习惯用 语。0 经常性、习惯性动作。D)客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一 般现在时,那么无法保持主句、从句时态一致。E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于 某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可 以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火 车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例:The next trainleavesat 3 oclock this afternoon.(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)How often does this shuttle bus r
4、un? (这班车多久一 趟?)F)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现 在完成时)表示将来事情。时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month*-), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构:be动词;行为动词否认形式:am/is/are not;此时态的谓语动词假设为行为 动词,那么在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数,那么用 doesnt,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问, 如主语为第三人称单数,那么用does,同时,还原行为
5、动词。二.一般过去时用法:A)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。B)表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表 达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时。He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是 每周看望一次他的母亲。)时间状语: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month*), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,
6、 etc.基本结构:be动词;行为动词否认形式:was/were not;在行为动词前加didnt,同时 还原行为动词。一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去 式did提问,同时还原行为动词。三.一般将来时:概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准 备做某事。时间状语: tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构:am基s/are/going to do;will本hall do.、be to do be abou
7、t to 、一般现在时表将 来、现在进行时表将来。否认形式:was/were not;在行为动词前加didnt,同 时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。分别用法:A) 基本结构是will / shall doo例: We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.B)有些动词,如: arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay 等,用于现在进行时,并
8、且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语 连用,可以表示将来时。例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5 月。)0 表示“打算去,要”时,可用be going to doo例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想 说的。)D) 表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近 期内或马上要做的事。例:Dont worry, I am about to make a close examination
9、on you.E) be to do表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做 某事”。F)同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doingo例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.例:2005年6月大学四级第65题I was the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A) in B) to C) at D) on答案是D)。on the point o
10、f doing 是固定词组,意思是 “正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“当他的信到的时候我正要打 给他。”考前须知:在以 if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly) 等引导的状语从句,一 般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时,可用完成时。例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年
11、你回来的时候,他的 身体已经好多了。)I、现在进行时(be doing)概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语: now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构:am/is/are doing否认形式:am/is/are not doing.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。五、过去进行时:用法:A)表示在过去一个比拟具体的时间正在发生的动作。例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago. (10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。)B)如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从 句之一
12、是一般过去时,那么另一个句子常用过去进行时。例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)时间状语: at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构: was/were doing否认形式:was/were not doing.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。六、将来进行时(will be doing)用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。例:Don,t worry, you wont
13、 miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(另U 担忧,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条 白色的短裙。)句子结构:主语 will be doing/主语 be going to be doing时间状语: soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening.I will be studying English when you arrive tonight.明晚你来的时候,我会正在学习英语.I m going to be studying English when you arrive tonight.七、现在完成时(have done)用法:A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。B)表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并 且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常 用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个 现在时间。
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