呼吸内科专业英语复习过程.doc

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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。呼吸内科专业英语-呼吸科英语Bronchialasthma支气管哮喘acidosis酸中毒Allergen,allergicreaction变异原，变态反应bloodgasanalysis血气分析Anaemia贫血Alveolar肺泡的antibiotic抗生素Atelectasis肺不张Lungabscess肺脓肿Athroscleroticheartdisease动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonistB2受体激动剂Allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis曲霉

2、菌ARDSacuterespiratorydistresssyndrome急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussionandauscultation叩听诊Pulmonaryarterialstenosis肺动脉狭窄Adrenalglucocorticoid肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy活检Bronchiectasis支气管扩张Fiberopticbronchoscopicbiopsy纤支镜活检BALbronchoalveolarlavage支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop：bronchiolitisobliteranswithorganizi

3、ngpneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy支气管镜检查CCAHDcoronaryarterioscleroticheartdisease冠心病CPRcardiopulmonaryresuscitation心肺复苏CDILDchronicdiffuseinterstitiallungdisease慢性间质性肺病COPDchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease慢阻肺Clubbedfinger杵状指drycough干咳Cyanosis紫绀Nonproductivecough干咳Complication并发症DDyspnea呼吸困难Diffe

4、rentialdiagnosis鉴别诊断Dischargediagnosis出院诊断EEmphysema肺气肿pulmonaryembolism肺栓塞Acidbaseequolibrium酸碱平衡etiology病因学Emphysematous肺大泡Expectoration吐痰Exacerbation加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous外生的FInterstitialpulmonaryfibrosis间质性肺纤维化GGM+GramstainpositiveGm-GramstainnegativeHHypersensitivitypneumonia过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin血红

5、蛋白Hemoptysis咯血Hemorrhage出血HRCThighresolutioncomputerizedtomography高分辨CTHistology组织学Hypoxia缺氧IIdiopathicinterstitialpneumonia特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal气管内的Intravenous静脉内的NNoninvasiveventilation无创机械通气OOSASobstructivesleepapneasyndrome阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonarysecondsound肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia肺炎Pneumothorax气胸PTEpulmona

6、rythromboembolism肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusionratio通气血流比Pleura胸腔积液Primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocationtest激发试验Parenchymal实质的（insterstial间质的）Plumonaryedema肺水肿Lobarpneumonia大叶性肺炎2/3Lobularpneumonia小叶性肺炎RMoistrales湿罗音Dryrales干罗音SSaO2saturationinarterialblood动脉血氧饱和度Shortofbreath气短Syncope晕厥S

7、arcoidosis结节病Segment段TTuberculosis结核病Tachypnea气促Thrombosis血栓TBLBtransbronchiallungbiosy经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy胸腔镜检查UUpperrespiratorytractinfection上呼吸道感染WWheeze哮鸣音其他facilitatingsputumexpectoration排痰releaseofbronchialspasm解痉细菌steptococcuspneumoiae肺炎链球菌staphylococcus葡萄球菌legionella军团菌mycoplasma支原体chlamydia衣

8、原体pneumococcus肺炎球菌video-assistedthoracoscopic-guidedrkskup胸腔镜lungbiopsyopenlungbiopsypleuralbiopsybiopsyofenlargedlymphnodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram(ECG)心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Qisotopeaisutup同位素scan(ventilation/perfusionscanning)spiral螺旋CT/MRA(MagneticResonanceAngiography,ndirfi血管造影术)pulmonaryangi

9、ographyDopplerdpl多普勒USSthighai大腿andpelvispelvis骨盆(USS:ultrasoundscanning)cardiacmonitorPSG(polysommography)常见的病名diseasesacuteupperrespiratorytractinfection急性上呼吸道感染commoncold普通感冒influenza流感,influenzpharynigitis咽炎pharyngalgiafringldi咽痛acutebroncho-bronchitis急性气管-支气管炎4/14pneumonia肺炎communityacquiredpne

10、umonia(CAP)社区获得性肺炎hospitalacquiredpneumonia(HAP)医院获得性肺炎nosocomicalpneumonia(NP)医院内肺炎bronchiectasis支气管扩张chornicbronchitis慢性支气管炎pulmonaryemphysema肺气肿chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(acuteexacerbating)AECOPDCOPD急性发作bronchialasthma支气管哮喘allergicrhinitisrainaitis过敏性鼻炎respiratoryfailure呼吸衰竭lungabscess肺脓肿

11、pulmonarytuberculosis肺结核病lungcancer:肺癌primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管肺癌squamousskweimscellcarcinoma鳞癌adenocarcinoma腺癌dnu,k:sinumbronchoalveolarcellcarcinoma支气管肺泡细胞癌smallcelllungcarcinoma（SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonarymetastasis肺转移瘤mtstsispulmonaryembolism（PE）肺栓塞pulmonarythromboembolism(PTE)肺血栓栓塞症,rmbuembliz

12、mpulmonaryinfarction肺梗死deepvenousthrombosis,DVT深静脉血栓形成empyema脓胸,empaii:mpneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax脓气胸paiu,nju:mu:rkschronicsuppurativedisease慢性化脓性疾病spjurtiv,-reitivcongenitalcyanoticdisease先天性紫绀性心脏病,saintikcorpulmonale肺源性心脏病k:,pumnlipulmonaryhypertension肺动脉高压pulmonaryencephalopathy肺性脑病en,seflpiri

13、ghtheartfailure;right-sidedheartfailure右心衰竭pulmonaryvasculardiseases肺血管疾病interstitiallungdisease,ILD弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosis,IPF特发性肺纤维化,idipikcryptogenic,kriptudenik隐源性的fibrosingalveolitis,CFA隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connectivetissuerelatedlungdiseases结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemiclupuslju:ps狼疮erythematosus,SLE系统性

14、红斑狼疮dermatomyositis皮肌炎sarcoidosis结节病,s:kidusisPulmonaryalveolarproteinosis,prutiinusis,PAP肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathicpulmonaryhemosiderosishi:mu,sidrusis,hem-特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhanscellgranulomatosis朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病rnju,lumtusisEosinophilicgranuloma嗜酸性肉芽肿,i:sinfilikHistiocytosisX组织细胞增多症XWegenergranulomatosisWegener肉

15、芽肿extrinsicallergicalveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis尘肺nju:m,kuniusisdrug-inducedlungdisease药物性肺病aspergillosis,sp:dilusis曲菌病：allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis(ABPA)pleuraldisease胸膜疾病broncho-pleuralfistula支气管胸膜瘘fistjuloralcandidiasis口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮,kndidaisisosteoporoticbonechange骨质疏松样改变glaucoma青光眼cata

16、ract白内障acutelunginjury，ALI急性肺损伤acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome,ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria荨麻疹eczema湿疹hypertension高血压diabetes糖尿病beadministered,treatsb.withempirical经验性的,prophylactic,prfilktik,pru-预防性,remedialrimi:dil治疗性Expectorant祛痰药ekspektrntMucolytics粘液溶解剂,mju:kulitik常用的药物drugsoragentsbronchodilator支气管

17、扩张剂,brkudaileitB2-agonistsnist兴奋剂:short-acting:salbutamol沙丁胺醇slbju:tm(:)llong-acting:salmeterol沙美特罗muscarinic,mskrinik毒蕈碱样的antagonistsntnist对抗剂:ipratropiumbromidebrumaid异丙托溴胺aminophylline氨茶碱,mi:nufili:nsteroidsstirid类固醇inhaled:budesonide布地奈po(per德，os).,beclomethasone,beklumesun倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松sy

18、stemic:prednisoloneprednislun强的松hydrocortisone,haidruk:tizun氢化可的松iv.mastcellstabilizers:cromoglycatesodium色甘酸钠leukotriene,lju:kutrain白三烯receptorantagonists:montelukast孟鲁司特respiratorystimulants:lobeline6/14nikethamidenikemaid,-mid尼可刹米cardiactonic强心剂diuretics利尿剂,daijuretikalbumin白蛋白lbjuminantitussivea

19、gents镇咳药,ntitsivammoniumchloride氯化铵munjm铵kl:raid氯化物ambroxol氨溴索（mucosolvan沐舒坦）Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施loworhighflowoxygen:nasalcannulaeknjuli:鼻导管，Venturiventjuri文里氏face-masknebulizernebjulaiz喷雾器:finerparticlesize(3to20um)allowstracheobronchialdepositionmetereddoseinhaler(MDI)定量雾化吸入器viaintubation,intju:bei

20、n插管，tracheostomy,trkistmi,trei-气管造口术，tracheotomy,trkitmi,trei-气管切开术)synchronizedintermittentmandatoryventilation,SIMV同步间歇指令通气pressuresupportventilation,PSV压力支持通气thoracocentesis胸腔穿刺术,:rksentesischestdrain/drainage引流术chemotherapy化疗radiationtherapy放疗pneumonectomy肺切除术,nju:munektmilobectomyoflung，pulmona

21、rylobectomy肺叶切除术lubektmi叶切除术thoracotomy开胸术，胸廓切开术,:rktmipleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy胸膜切除术pleuraladhesion胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferiorvenacavafilter下腔静脉过滤器cysticsistik囊性的/varicosevrikus曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisdeviation:tracheaandapexeipeks尖端shiftcontralaterally对立的旁边CXR:

22、translucencytrnzlju:snsi半透明+collapse倒塌:visiblerim边缘refractoryorrecurrent周期性的:pleurodesis胸膜固定术,pleurectomyplurektmi胸膜切除术,bullabul大疱stapling装订orlasering激光常用的化疗药9/14cisplatin顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar(盐酸吉西他滨注射剂)paclitaxel;taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素beta-lactamantibiotics:inhibitcellwallsy

23、nthesispenicillinskintestamoxicillin阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactamsodium哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/clavulanatepotassium替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin头孢菌素类cefradine头孢拉啶cefaclor头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone头孢曲松cefpiramide头孢吡啶ceftazidime头孢他定ceftizoxime头孢唑污carbopenems碳青霉烯类azactam氨曲南meropenem美罗培南imipeneman

24、dsodiumcilastatin亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides糖肽类inhibitcellwallassemblyvancomycin万古霉素norvancomycin去甲万古霉素teicoplanin替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibitproteinsynthesisroxithromycin罗红霉素clarithromycin克拉霉素azithromycin阿奇霉素erythromycin红霉素Aminoglycosideantibiotics:氨基糖苷类reno-andototoxicinhibitinitiationandelon

25、gationprocessduringproteinsynthesisamikacin阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin庆大霉素streptomycin链霉素Sulfamido磺胺类sulfamethoxazolecompound(SMZ.CO)Quinolones喹诺酮类：inhibitDNAgyrasenorfloxacin诺氟沙星ofloxacin氧氟沙星levofloxacin左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin加替沙星moxifloxacin莫西沙星ciprofloxacin环丙沙星Tetracycline四环素类minocycline美满霉素Nitromidazole硝基咪唑类

26、metronidazole甲硝唑tinidazole替硝唑ornidazole奥硝唑Antitubercularagents抗结核药rifampicin利福平rifapentine利福喷丁isoniazide,isonicotinichydrazideacidINH异烟肼pyrazinamide吡嗪酰胺ethambutol乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycoticdrug抗真菌药nystatin制霉菌素amphotericin两性霉素Bfluconazole氟康唑voriconazole伏立康唑itraconazole伊曲康唑Antivirusagentsribavirin利巴韦林o

27、seltamivir奥司他韦acyclovir阿昔洛韦ganciclovir更昔洛韦valaciclovir伐昔洛韦foscarnetsodium,phosphonoformicacid膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine拉米夫定entecavir恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism,microbe微生物bacterium细菌lipopolysaccharide（LPS）脂多糖antibiotics抗生素pyrogen致热原exotoxin外毒素endotoxin内毒素Gramstain革兰染色Colonyformingunit,CFU集落形成单位antibacterialage

28、nts抗菌药resistance耐药性ESBLs：extendedspectrumB-lactamases超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistantstaphylococcusaureus耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia菌血症toxemia毒血症11/14endotoxemia内毒素血症septicaemia败血症pyemia脓毒血症pathogen致病原pathogenicity致病性virulence毒力medianlethaldose(LD50)半数致死量medianinfectivedose(ID50)半数感染量virus病毒replication

29、复制viremia病毒血症normalmicrobiota,microflora,normalflora,physiologicalmicrobiota正常微生物群floradisequilibrium菌群失调dysbacteriosis菌群失调症opportunisticinfection机会性感染conditionedinfection条件致病性感染endogenousinfection内源性感染exogenousinfection外源性感染antimicrobialsusceptibilitytesting药物敏感试验minimuminhibitoryconcentration(MIC)

30、最小抑菌浓度minimumbactericidalconcentration(MBC)最小杀菌浓度disinfection消毒sterilization灭菌asepsis无菌aseptictechnique无菌技术bacteriostasis抑菌antisepsis防腐disinfectant消毒剂bacteriostaticagent抑菌剂bactericide杀菌剂autoclavingorsteamunderpressuresterilization高压蒸汽灭菌法ultravioletradiation,UV紫外线isolationprecaution隔离预防artificialacti

31、veimmunization人工主动免疫vaccination疫苗接种killed/inactivatedvaccine死/灭活疫苗attentuatedlivevaccine减毒活疫苗toxoid类毒素artificialpassiveimmunity人工被动免疫antitoxin抗毒素gammaglobulin丙种球蛋白Staphylococcusaureus金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negativestaphylococci凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcusepidermidis表皮葡萄球菌12/14Streptococcuspneumoniae,pneumococc

32、us肺炎链球菌Viridansstreptococci草绿色链球菌Escherichiacoli大肠埃希菌Klebsiellapneumoniae肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonasaeruginosa铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilusinfluenzae流感嗜血杆菌Legionella军团杆菌属Enterobactercloacae阴沟肠杆菌Serratia沙雷菌属Proteusvulgaris普通变形杆菌Acinebacter不动杆菌属Neisseriameningitis,meningococcus脑膜炎链球菌Neisseriagonorrhoeae,gonococcus淋病奈瑟菌Shig

33、ella,dysenterybacterium痢疾杆菌Salmonellatyphi伤寒沙门菌Vibriocholerae霍乱弧菌Helicobacterpylori幽门螺杆菌Campylobacterjejuni空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium,acid-fastbacilli分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacteriumtuberculosis,tuberclebacillus结核分枝杆菌Purifiedproteinderivate,PPDOldtuberculin,OTAtypicalmycobacteria非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacteriumleprae麻风分枝杆菌Anaer

34、obicbacterial厌氧性细菌Clostridiumtetani破伤风梭菌Clostridumperfringens产气荚膜梭菌Clostridumbotulinum肉毒梭菌Clostridumdifficile艰难梭菌antibiotic-associateddiarrhea抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranouscolitis假膜性结肠炎Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia耶尔森菌属Brucella布氏菌属Actinomyces放线菌属Treponemapallidum梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）Venerealdiseaserefe

35、rencelaboratory(VDRL)Rapidplasmaregain(RPR)Mycoplasmapneumoniae肺炎支原体Chlamydiatrachomatis沙眼衣原体Virusesassociatedwithrespiratoryinfections呼吸道病毒Influenzavirus流感病毒Parainfluenzavirus副流感病毒Respiratorysyncytialvirus,RSV呼吸道合胞病毒13/14Coronavirus冠状病毒Severeacuterespiratorysyndrome,SARSAdenovirus腺病毒Rubellavirus风疹病

36、毒Rhinovirus鼻病毒Enterovirus肠道病毒Rotavirus轮状病毒hepatitisBvirus乙型肝炎病毒EncephalitisBvirus流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus汉坦病毒Viralhemorrhagicfever病毒性出血热Herpessimplexvirus,HSV单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zostervirus,VZV水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus,CMV巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barrvirus,EBVEB病毒Humanherpesvirus6,HHV-6人疱疹病毒6型Humanpapillomaviruses,HPV人乳头

37、状瘤病毒Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome,AIDSHumanT-lymphotropicvirus,HTLV人T淋巴细胞病毒AdultT-cellleukemia成人T细胞性白血病Rabiesvirus风疹病毒Fungus真菌Yeast酵母Spore孢子Hypha菌丝Dermatophytes皮肤癣菌Trichophyton毛癣菌属Epidermophyton表皮癣菌属Tinea癣Histoplasma组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis组织胞浆菌病Saccharomycesalbicans,candidaalbicans白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis念珠菌病Cryptococcusneoformans新生隐球菌Pneumocystiscarinii卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystiscariniipneumonia,PCP卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus曲霉菌Mucor毛霉菌属-