【教学资料精创】中考英语一轮复习—词法 名词、动词、形容词、介词等.docx
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1、-、词类、句子成分和构词法1、名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词、连词、 感叹词。名词:表示人事物地点还要抽象概念(1)名词单复数变化可数名词:能数的过来就是可数名词不可数名词:只有单数,包括物质,抽象概念。谓语动词要用 单数、这些词前面不能加不定冠词Bread water (液体)air (空气) advice (建议)一 a piece of advice 一条建议furniture (家具)a piece of furniture 一件家具 news 新闻 paper 纸肉类(meat、chicken 鸡肉 fish 鱼肉 beef 牛肉)information 信Ther
2、e is some,would you like to have some ? would like to do=want to doA、 apples B、book C、meat D、penThe doesnt taste good. Do does可数名词:单复数变化1 .+ s.以s、sh、ch、x结尾的要加es3、以辅音字母加y结尾 去y+ies4、以o结尾的hero (英雄)potato tomato要加es5、以 ffe 结尾变为 ves knife、leaf (树叶)life (生命)shelf (架子)wolf (狼)不规那么变化: man-men woman-women ch
3、ild-children mouse-mice sheep-sheepfish-fish deer-deer tooth-teeth foot-feet2.many 和 muchA.都表示许多,many用来形容可数名词,much用来形容不可 数名词B.many后可以加a或者an再加可数名词单数并且谓语动 词用单数表示的含义和many加可数名词复数一样Many a student has failed 0 =many students have failed oA lot of = lots of许多大量 后面可以加可数名词和不可数词both 和 allA.Both用于两者之间 翻译成 两个都.
4、All用于三者及以上都后面可以加名词复数也可以不加名词Both my parents are in good health.B.如果后面接的是代词必须要用。f连接,代词用宾格Both of us are students neither和none (没有、都不)Neither通常用于两者之间 而none用于三者及以上either和each还有every如果后面接的是代词,还得用of来 连接A. Either表示两者之间任意一个,谓语动词用单数Either of us will go to supermarket oB.either还有副词“也”的意思,用于否认句或疑问句当中。I also li
5、ke eating apples oDo you like eating apples either ?I dont like eating apples, eitheroEvery +空+ 名词 every studentEvery +空one of +名词复数Every one of the apples苹果中的每一个/每一个苹果Everyone每个人 后边不可以接ofof the students is good at playing basketball oA. every one B.Every oneAnother , other (s) 和 the other (s)1 .ano
6、ther意味 别的另一个的。泛指三个或者三个以上中的另 一个。可以单独使用,也可以接单数名词或代词one,前面 不能加冠词Another is girl from China。There are a lot of of bikes。 I want another new one.2、other泛指其他的另外的,后面可以跟复数名词,相当于 others.Other apples = othersOther后可以跟复数名词 而others不可以the other (s)前提已经告诉只有两个,其中的一个叫做one,另一个叫the otheroThere are 2 apples, one is re
7、d, the other is green.前提知道总数,其中的一个one,其中的一些叫some,剩下的 就叫 the othersSome of my classmates likes drawing , the others likes singing oSome students are cleaning the Windows o are mopping the floor.Helen has got 2 brothers . of them likes chocolate,but she loves itA. every B.both C neitherD.anotherFew几乎没
8、有可数名词Little几乎没有不可数名词A few 有一些A few 有一些可数名词A little有一些 不可数名词1、否认的含义There is water left, Im thirsty o2、可数不可数people can learn English well,others can noteOne (s)one用来代替上文中出现的同类的单数名词,为了防止重复。Ones用来代替复数It代词 它,表示的是上文所出现同一个东西。Your dress is very beautiful, I want to buy,too.A.one B.ones C it D.that前面可以用the,
9、this, that, which等词进行修饰复合不定代词16个某个 Somebody任意Anyone没有 Nowhere每一个 Everything1、形容词要放在复合不定代词之后Somewhere beautifulSomebody confidentAnybody hard-working can get the job o2、谓语动词都用单数Everyone is here.3.else其他的Nothing else is lefto相互代词each other= one another 互相We havent seen each other for 1 year.Could/coul
10、d you please/would you please 表示委婉或请求 后面可以 接 some第三节:数词表示数量的词:基数词和序数词基数词:1、hundred thousand million (百万)3 hundred peopleHundreds of people 成百上千的2.可以和名词(不能用复数)构成复合词,中间用连字符连接,可做 定语。A 7-year-old boyA boyA. 7-years-old B.7 years of C. 7-year- old序数词:1 .前边一般都要加theThe first , the third.如果序数词前面加了不定冠词a/an,表
11、示再一个 又一个You will need a second/third pair of socks。2 .形容词最高级之前可以加序数词,表示第最.The second longest river,.序数词和基数词可以替换的情况The second pagePage two oPart three 第三局部 =the third partRoom 301No.5No.7 Middle School.分数表达方法分子用基数词表示,而分母用序数词来表示,并且分母有单复数 的变化1/3 one third of sth .的三分之一2/5 two fifths of sthHalf a half o
12、fQuarter a quarter of 3 quarters of 3/4如果后面是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数One third of the apples are redTwo fifths of the water is clear6.倍数表达法表示倍数,once 一倍twice两倍三倍或者以上的用基数词 +times(1) 倍数 + adj/adv 比拟级 +than 比.Her house is twice bigger than yours.她的房子比你的房子大两 倍(2)倍数 +as+adj/adv + as 是.的几倍Her house is twice as big as
13、 yours.7. about、around nearly almost teach us English四形容词翻译成”的”修饰名词和局部代词,表示人或者事物性质,状 态或者特征的词叫形容词。1 .本身就是形容词Nice good glad2 .加了后缀组成的形容词A. n+y sun-sunny wind-windy fun-funnyB. +able (能.)comfort-comfortable(舒服的)C.+ al nation-national person-personalD.-en gold-goldenE.ent differ-differentF.ish self-self
14、ishG. ive act-activeH. ful use-usefulL ous danger dangerousJ. n+ly day-daily3 .带有-的都是形容词Hard-working Man-made4 .分词形容词do、to do doing doneBoring -ing的形容词要形容物,主语是物Excited -ed的形容词要形容人主语只能是人The film is very _boring(bore) , I cant feel excited (exciting)Its _interesting(interest) fbr me to go on vacation
15、.5 . the +形容词 构成的是名词,指的是一类人,谓语动词要用复数The old/young/rich/poor/disabledThe poor are not able to eat.6 .形容词的排序限冠形龄颜国材县官行令宴国才限定词:only, other the an、a、my、this onesOther three yellow books形容词在句子当中多数充当的是定语形容词多数情况下要位于名词之前形容词 情况下放在名词的后面1 .形容词放在不定代词后面去形容someone interestingSomewhere beautiful.形容词与数量词连一起时充当定语的时候
16、形容词要后置2 meters long.形容词短语如果作为定语,一般放在所修饰的词后面The water is famous for its color.3 . alive活着的asleep睡着的awake醒着的People alive形容词比拟级和最高级单音节形容词 +er the adj+-estFew fewer the fewest以不发音的e结尾的+rthe adj -stNice nicer the nicest以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节双写辅音字母+erthe +双写+estthe biggestthe y-estthe easiestBig bigger 以辅音字母加y结尾 y
17、-ierEasy easier 多音节形容词的变化在单词前加 more +adj the most +adjBeautifulmore beautiful the most beautiful不规那么变化的形容词Good/wellBad/illLittleMany/muchbetterworselessmorethe bestthe worstthe leastthe mostFar 远的/程度深 farther/further farthest/furthestThan 比My apple is bigger than yours.My house is more beautiful tha
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