牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit5词法专项复习.docx

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1、Unit5词法专项复习一、知识讲解【词汇拓展】1. .pleasant adj.令人愉快的(物作主语，一般指对客观事物的评价)一pleasing adj.令人愉 快的(主观情感，物作主语)-pleased adj,高兴的，喜欢的(人作主语，主观情感)- pleasure n.满意，快乐一please v,使喜欢；使高兴，使满意2. drama (n.)戏剧一dramatic (adj.)戏剧性的,巨大的3. photographyn.照相术，摄影一photograph n.照片一photo n.照片4. musical (adj.)音乐的misic (n.)音乐一musician(n.)音乐家

2、5. talent (n.)天赋，才能一 talented (adj.)有才能的一foolish (adj.)(反义词)愚蠢的6. present vt,颁发；提交一present n.礼物7. winner (n.)获胜者一win (v.)赢一lose (v.)(反义词)输8. composer n.作曲家一compose v.作曲，写作，构成9. central (adj.)中心的，中央的一 center (n.)中心-boundary (n.)(反义词)边界lO.object n.物品，东西一 object vi 拒绝11. successfully (adv.)成功地一successf

3、ul (adj.)成功的一success (n.)成功一succeed (v) 成功12. traditional (adj.)传统的一tradition (n.)传统fashion (n.)(反义词)流行13. highly adv.高度地；一high adj.高的一height n.高度14. breath (n.)呼吸一breathe (v.)呼吸一breathless (adj.)气喘吁吁的15. country (n.)乡下，乡村一 city (n.)(反义词)城市16. lasting (adj)持久的一last (v.)持续17. value (n.)一valuable (adj

4、.)有价值的一invaluable adj.无价的,非常贵重的一valueless(adj.) (反义词)没价值的18. African adj.非洲(人)的n.非洲人一Africa n.非洲19. American adj.美国的；美国人的n.美国人n.美国20. 1iterature n.文学一literary adj.文学的21 .praise v.赞扬 n.赞扬22 . gift n.礼物；天赋23 .encourage vt,鼓励，劝告courage n.勇 气The Spring Festival is our (tradition) festival.We should foll

5、ow our (tradition).【知识点21though = although (和 but 不连用)2) though作连词可表示“虽然；尽管；即使”，引导让步状语从句，不能与连词but一起使用。even though 即使Hes an honest man, even though I dont like him.15 .Have they influenced his works?它们对他的作品有影响吗【知识点11influence v.影响I dont want to influence you.我不想影响你influence作为n.作影响力、势力、权力解释时是不可数名词;表示有

6、影响的人(或事物);有权势者时是可数的，一般作不可数理解have influence on sb.对产生影响延伸：Affect v.影响Effect n.影响，作“影响”理解的时候，可数Have an effect on/have effects on 对有影响16 .Why do people think highly of Tan9s music?为什么人们高度评价谭盾的音乐?【知识点1highly adv.非常,赞许地high adj.高height n.高度跳得高 jump high大楼的高度 the height of the building高度评价 think highly of

7、& 辨析：high 与 highlyhigh用作副词时，通常表示具体的高，主要修 饰动词。例 1: He climbed high.他爬的高。伤ij 2: I can51 jump any higher.我不能跳的更高了。highly副词，主要表示很高的程度，除修饰动 词（如 speak, praise, think of 等）外，还通常 用于修饰分词或形容词（尤其是那些由动词派 生而来的形容词，有时相当于very或much）。例 1: Its a highly interesting film.真是一部有趣的电影。例 2: His report is highly scientific.他的

8、报告极具科学性。【选词填空】The teacher thinks of Franks works.Look, the kite is (high). Its flying (high).17 .Wed better be quick as the opera will begin in 20 minutes,“ Kitty suggested.凯蒂建议道：“我们最好快点，因为戏剧20分钟内就要开始了”【重点单词复习】suggest 动词suggest (sb) doing sth建议某人做某事e.g. The doctor suggested him giving up smoking.I s

9、uggest not taking a lot of money unless you want to buy souvenirs.The teacher suggested that we should speak as much English as possible in class.【回顾】“建议，提议”suggestion建议，可数名词advice,“建议”,不可数名词。a piece of advice, “一条建议”；其动词形式是advise, advise sb (not) to do sth, “建议某人(不)作某事”。He advised me to go home ear

10、lier.18 .After a while, we saw Amy running towards us.过了一会儿，我们看见艾米朝我们跑过来【知识点1【辨析】see sb. doing sth.与 see sb. do sth.see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调看见某动作正在进行。I saw you playing soccer when I came to school.当我到校时，我看见你正在踢足球。(强调动作 正在进行）see sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做了某事”，强调看见某动作发生的全过程或经常性的动作。I saw you put the

11、 key in your pocket.我看见你把钥匙放进了 口袋。（强调动作发生的全过程）I often see him play ping-pong.我经常看见他打乒乓球。（强调经常性的动作）【拓展】see sb. do sth.结构中的do sth,是省略了 to的不定式短语，但在被动语态中,省略的to要还原回 去,sb. be seen to do sth.。与 see 有类似用法的动词还有 watch, hear, notice 等。I often see him ask questions after class.=He is often seen to ask questions

12、 after class by me.我经常看到他在课后问问题。19 .she said, out of breath.她气喘吁吁地说道【知识点11breath n.呼吸breath的动词形式为breatheoout of breath = breathe heavily 意为“上气不接下气”。I ran so fast that I was out of breath.【搭配】hold one飞breath屏住呼吸take a deep breath深呼吸breathe deeply深呼吸breathe in吸气20 . Classical music has a lasting value

13、 古典音乐有持久价值有持久价值：have a lasting value （注意a不能省略）【知识点11last vi.持续last为不及物动词，意为“持续”。Our holiday will last for two months.我们的假期将持续两个月。【拓展】last的其他用法容词，意为“最后的；最近的”; I ”、名词，the last意为最后来的人 或发生的事）”副词，意为“最后；上一次：【知识点2value n. - valuable adj.be of （much / little / no.） + n. = be + adj.be of value / help / impor

14、tance / use.to sb. = be valuable / helpful / important / useful to sb.这条消息对我们很有价值。21 Jazz first created by African Americans musicians make up music while playing.爵士乐最先 由美国黑人创作，音乐家在玩的过程中编音乐。拓展：make up还可意为“组成；化妆；弥补”make out of由制造；理解Ten chapters make up the new novel.十个章节组成了这部新的小说。Some children cant m

15、ake out of their parents.一些孩子不能理解他们的父母。（）The actress before she went up onto the stage.A. made up B. looked up C. took up D. showed up22.My parents and I attended all the concerts.我父母和我参加了所有的音乐会【知识点1attend参加，出席（后跟会议，婚礼，报告，讲座等名词）Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?I will attend a classical music conce

16、rt tonight.【辨析复习】take part in = join in参加（活动）join加入（组织、俱乐部、人的行列）attend出席（会议、仪式）【小试牛刀】 We should all kinds of charity activities. Please us in planting trees to improve the environment.（3） Last week, Obama the important meeting.23.The fruit was no longer fresh. It was starting to go rotten, and the w

17、hole house smelt bad. 水果不再新鲜，开始腐烂，整个房子都充斥着难闻的味道【知识点1】no longer意为“不再”，相当于notany longer, 一般用于表示时间或距离的“不再”。多与表 示状态或延续性的动词连用，表示动作不再继续。如：He no longer smokes. = He doesnt smoke any longer. 他不再吸烟了。【拓展】no more意为“不再”，表示动作不再重复出现，相当于not.any more, 一般用于表示数量和 程度的“不再”，可以和短暂性动词连用。如：Time lost will no more return. =

18、Time lost wont return any more.失去的时间不会再回来。【知识点2【连系动词】 become / get / turn / grow / gobecome一个中性词，用于意义好坏两方面的 变化。多指身份、职位等的变化，强调变化 的过程已经完成，后面可接名词或形容词。Her mother became angry when she heard the news. 她妈妈听到这个消息事非常生气。What do you have to do to become a pilot?你要做些什么才能成为飞行员？get多用于口语，表示一种变化过程，强调的 是“渐渐变得”，常接形容

19、词的比较级。Ifs getting darker and darker outside.外面天色越来越暗。In winter the days get shorter.冬季白天变得较短。turn指颜色和性质等与以前不同，强调变化 的结果。Leaves turned brown in the mountains. 山里的树叶已变成了棕色。The milk has turned bad.牛奶变质了。grow主要表示逐渐变化，强调变化的过程。The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日益严重。go用于“坏”的变化。The poor boy went

20、blind at the age of three.那个可怜的男孩三岁时就失明了。Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.把鱼放在冰箱里，否则在热天会变坏。24.A11 my teachers and classmates praised my designs for the art festival.所有的老师和同学者R表扬了我艺术节的作品【知识点1praise动词，意为“表扬，赞扬，praise sb. for sth.因某事而表扬某人He praised her for her courage.她因她的勇气

21、而表扬了她。praise也可作名词,“表扬,赞扬”，赢得高度赞扬：win high praise ;赞扬:in praise ofShe wrote poems in praise of freedom. 她写诗赞扬自 由25.1 mixed the paint with water.我把颜料和水混合在一起【用法】mix.with.把和混合What happens when you mix sugar with salt?如果你把糖和水混合在一起会怎么样26.The paint ran in all directions and made a very interesting picture!

22、 颜料四散形成了一的图画【短语】in all directions = in every direction 朝各个方向，向四面八方The birds are flying in all directions.鸟飞向各个方向27.She encouraged me to keep trying and make more wonderful pictures.她鼓励我继续尝试，仓1J 作更加精彩的画【知识点1 encourage动词，意为“鼓励;劝告”。常用短语：encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，encourage sb. in sth.意为“在某方面鼓励

23、某人”。例句：I want to thank everyone who has encouraged and supported me.我想感谢每一位鼓励过和支持过我的人。Parents need to encourage their children to do more right things.父母需要鼓励孩子们做更多正确的事。His parents always encourage him in his studies.在他的学业上，他的父母一直都鼓励他。 encourage的名词形式为encouragement ,表示“鼓励;鼓舞”;作为鼓励不可数；作为鼓励的 副有趣话或行为不可数3

24、)形容词形式为encouraging,表示“令人振奋的;鼓舞人心的”。例句：With a little encouragement from his parents, he should do well.只要父母给点鼓励，他应 该会干得很好The encouraging news is that Tom gets the first prize.令人振奋的消息是汤姆得了第一名。【知识点2 keep1) keep +形容词，意为“保持keep healthy保持健康2) keepsb./sth.+形容词，意为“让某人/某物保持.”keep your room clean and tidy保持你的

25、房间干净整洁。3) keep sb. / sth. doing sth,意为“让某人/某物一直做某事”a) He kept us waiting at the gate.他让我们一直在大门口等着。4) keep sb./sth. from doing sth ,意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”a) We should keep farmers from cutting down the trees.我们应该阻止农民们砍权才。5) keep on doing sth ,意为“继续做某事”Prices ke叩on increasing.价格不停地上涨。keep doing sth强调动作的连续不断，不

26、与表示瞬间动作的动词连用；而keep on doing sth强调反复性和决心，既可接瞬间动作(表示反复)，又可接持续动作They kept working until midnight.他们(连续不断)一直干至ij午夜。Mr. Wang kept on explaining until the student understood.王先生反复地解释直到学生们听懂了为止二、检测一、单项选择()1. The plot of the movie is so that he can*t believe it.A. boringB. dramaticC. musical D. lasting()2.

27、America its strong economic strength.A. is known toB. is famous as C. is known for D. is familiar with()3. He asked for leave he had to see the doctor.A. althoughB. ifC. soD. because()4. Most stories in the book were by the author.A. turn upB. made upC. given up D. looked up()5. My parents always en

28、courage me dance and sing.A. of studyingB. to study C. studyingD. study()6. The flight to Rome has been cancelled, and the situation is control.A. overB. without C.beyondD. against()7. Scientists say that banana trees may disappear(淌失)from the world banana cancer.A. because ofB. instead of C. as for

29、D. together with()8. The steak smells so sweet that children can wait to eat it.A. hardlyB. easilyC. nearlyD. happily()9. -!-Folk music.A. How do you like musicB. When do you listen to the musicC. Why do you like musicD. What*s your favourite music()10.-Not only the young but also the old are gettin

30、g interested WeChat(微信).-They can communicate more freely.D. forD. in a bad moodA. byB. aboutC. in)11. After one hours running, he was.A. out of balance B. without breathC. out of breath)12. The teacher thinks my sister has a gift dancing.A. ofB. forC. inD. with)13. In the end she couldnt help him t

31、he secret.A. tellingB. to tellC. talkingD. to talk)14. They preferred the country music to for a picnic.A. to listen to; go B. listening to; go C. listen to; going D. listening to; going)15. -Would you help me carry the heavy bag?B. Sure, with pleasureD. Its my pleasureA. Never mindC. Thafs all righ

32、t 二、词汇应用1. Have you found anything (令人愉快的)？2. Different (物体)have different shapes.3. Drinking tea is a(n) (传统的)custom in China.4. Afler 由e match, we will (颁发)a medal to the winner.5. There will be a high-speed railway (在之旬)Ningbo and Zhoushan.【知识讲解】1 Art is something pleasant and.艺术是令人愉悦的事物，而且易混词词性意

33、义与用法pleasantadj.意为“令人愉快的，舒适的，一般指对客观事物的评价，主语 f是物e.g. It was a pleasant evening.那是一个令人愉快的夜晚。（作定 语）The climate of this area is pleasant.这个地区的气候很宜人。（作表语）pleasedadj.意为“图兴的，满意的”，相当于glad或happy。主语为人be pleased with （对满意）及 be pleased to do sth.（局兴/乐于做某事）e.g. She was very pleased with her exam results. 她对她的考试结

34、 果非常满意。Im so pleased to see you.见到你真高兴。pleasingadj.意为“令人愉快的，令人满意的”，主语为物或修饰物悦耳的声音 a pleasing/pleasant sound主观上觉得令人愉快一般情况下，pleasing和pleasant可换用，明人时，两者都可表不 “讨人喜欢的”，但pleasant多指某人因有使人愉快的外表或热情 的气质等而具有自然吸引力，相比之下pleasing则暗示有意识 地去讨好别人或取悦别人.pleasuren.意为“满意，快乐”，大多用于客套语中。My pleasure表示“不用谢”，用来回应别人的感谢；With pleasu

35、re表示“乐意效劳”，用来回应别人的请求或邀请。e.g. - Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮我。- My pleasure.不用谢。- May I sit here?我可以坐在这儿吗？- Yes, with pleasure.当然可以。1. Weve been busy with our lessons these days. How about finding to do?A. anything pleased B. something pleased C. anything pleasant D. something pleasant2. - The box i

36、s heavy. Could you please help me carry it? -! ( A )A. With pleasure B. Youre kidding C. Good idea D. Well done3. The teacher was the students5 performance.A. pleasant with B. pleased with C. pleasant for D. pleased for 【直击中考】-Could you help me with my English after school?A. Its a pleasure B. With

37、pleasure C. Youre welcome D. OK, I could2.Why do you stop there?你为什么停在那了？ 【知识点1Stop doing停止做某事Stop to do停下来去做另一件事3.Because 3ve found something more pleasant than art.因为我找到比艺术更令人愉快的事了 【知识点11 find1.表示“找到”，其后可接双宾语；若双宾语交换位置用介词for引出间接宾语。如：Can you find me a hotel?=Can you find a hotel for me?你能给我找一家旅馆吗？We

38、 found him a good job.=We found a good job for him.我们为他找了份好工作。 find+sth+宾补(名词、形容词、动名词、过去分词)a) Find sth. +n.如：find it a difficult book 发现它是一本难懂的书b) Find sth.+adj.如：find the room empty 发现房间是空的i.注：有时候it作形式宾语.如：He found it hard to finish the task.他发现完成任务是很艰难的c） Find sb./sth. Doing sth.发现某人/某物正在做某事：I fou

39、nd him lying on the floor. 我发现他躺在地板上。d） Find sb./sth. Done 发现某事被做：He found the door locked.他发现门锁上了。4 .His musical talent was amazing.他的音乐天赋令人惊艳。【知识点1 talent1）音乐天赋 musical talent2）近义词：gift3）常用短语：have a talent for sth /doing sth 对（做）某事有天赋I have no talent for music.我在音乐方面没有天赋。反义短语:have no gift/talent f

40、or sth/doing sth在（做）某事方面没有天赋”。5 .Each time a medal was presented to a winner at the Beijing 2008 Olympics, the award music was played.在2008年北京奥运会上，每次给获胜者颁发奖牌时，颁奖音乐就会被播放。1） present动词，”颁发;提交二常用结构：present sb. With sth.（给某人颁发某物产present sth. to sb.（把某物颁发/提交给某 人）。e.g.The teacher presents him with an award

41、. = The teacher presents an award to him.那个老师给他颁发了一个奖项。2） present作可数名词，意为“礼物”；不可数名词，意为：“目前，现在”常用短语：at present目前，现在What present do you want for your birthday this year?今年生日你想要什么礼物？3） present作形容词，意为“现在的,目前的”,Fm not going to buy a car at the present high prices.以目前的高价，我不打算买小汽车了。6.Bom in 1958 in central

42、 Hunan, China, Tan Dun grew up near the Liuyang River.谭盾出生于 湖南中部，在浏阳河畔长大。【句子分析】本句为过去分词短语作伴随状语，相当于句子Tan Dun was born in 1957 in central Hunan,Chinao句首的bom前面省略了 Tan Dun was.这种用法属于过去分词作状语。在英语中，当主从复 合句的主语是同一个人，且从句中是一个被动结构时可以简化为过去分词作状语。如： Given more time（=If Fm given more time）, PH do the work better.如果被

43、给予更多的时间.我会把工作做得更好的。Dressed in pink, the 15-year-old girl looks more beautiful.穿上粉红色的衣服，这位十五岁的女孩看起来更漂亮了。Bought in that shop, the meat was very fresh.那家店买的肉很新鲜。【重点单词】central adj. - center n.【选词填空】Chinas governmentThe capital is in the part of the country.There is a shopping mall in the of the town.7.

44、When he was very young, Tan showed an interest in music.谭盾年轻的时候，就对音乐很 感兴趣have / show an interest in sth./doing 对表现出兴趣相当于：be / become interested in sth./doingHe showed an interest in drawing when he was a child.You should show more interest in your study and work harder.【易混词辨析】单词词性词义用法interestn.兴趣，令人

45、感兴趣的事或 人对感兴趣take/have/show an interest inhave no interest in sth.（对某事物没有 兴趣）Jose interest in sth.（对某事物失 去兴趣）名胜 places of interestinterestedadj.感兴趣的主语一般指人对感兴趣 be interested ininterestingadj.有趣的，引起兴趣的既可以作表语，也可以作定语，修饰 名词或代词，表示事物的特征或性质。【选词填空】The film is. We are all in it. / We all have great in it.8.Sin

46、ce he had no musical instruments then, he made music with common objects like stones andpaper.因为他那个时候没有乐器，他用普通物品做音乐，比如石头或者Arf【重点单词】common adj.普通的，一般的，常见的We have common topic to talk about.in common共同的，共有的have something in common 有共同之处Common sense 常识【必会用法】Since we are young, we shouldnt be too afraid of making mistakes.因为我们还年轻，所以不应该太害怕犯错误。since表示原因时，因为，既然”。语气比because弱，表示的原因是对方已知的, 或是句中不太重要的部分，不能回答why的提问。引导时间状语从句，此用法较复杂。(重要)若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是短暂动词(如go, come, leave, start, begin 等)的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从该动作开始的那一时刻起。这是最常见的一种 用法。如：He has studied very hard since he c