2022-2023学年河南省商丘市高一上学期期中联考 英语 试题（学生版+解析版）.docx

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1、20222023学年上期期中联考高一英语试题（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。How Do Different Animals Sleep?Big SleepersPredators, such as lions and wolves, tend to sleep more than their prey. They also spend more time dreaming, although scientist

2、s dont know why.Light SleepersGiraffes dont get very much sleep only a few hours a day. For giraffes sleeping is awkward and leaves them weak to their enemies. So giraffes mostly take short naps while standing up. But they do need to lie down for half an hour or so of deep, dreaming sleep. It can ta

3、ke a whole minute for a giraffe to get back up on its long legs again.A Comfortable BedMost animals like to find a safe, comfortable place to sleep. Gorillas make themselves sleeping nests of branches and leaves on the ground or in a tree. Every gorilla makes a fresh new nest every night, even if th

4、ey haven5t moved far from the one they used the night before.Half-asleepDolphins are air-breathing mammals that swim in the sea. But how do they sleep? If they stop swimming to take a nap, wont they sink and drown? Scientists studying seals and dolphins have discovered a surprising answer these anim

5、als can sleep with one half of their brain while the other half stays awake! While the right half of the dolphins brain is asleep, the left half stays awake. This lets the dolphin keep its nose above the water so it can breathe. After about 20 minutes, the sides switch, allowing the other half of th

6、e dolphins brain to sleep.Do Bugs Sleep?Bugs dont sleep in the same way we do. But they do have periods of rest every day. Dragonflies often have a favorite spot that they return to time after time to rest.20222023学年上期期中联考高一英语试题（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.

7、5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。How Do Different Animals Sleep?Big SleepersPredators, such as lions and wolves, tend to sleep more than their prey. They also spend more time dreaming, although scientists dont know why.Light SleepersGiraffes dont get very much sleep only a few hours a day. For gi

8、raffes, sleeping is awkward and leaves them weak to their enemies. So giraffes mostly take short naps while standing up. But they do need to lie down for half an hour or so of deep, dreaming sleep. It can take a whole minute for a giraffe to get back up on its long legs again.A Comfortable BedMost a

9、nimals like to find a safe, comfortable place to sleep. Gorillas make themselves sleeping nests of branches and leaves on the ground or in a tree. Every gorilla makes a fresh new nest every night, even if they haven5t moved far from the one they used the night before.Half-asleepDolphins are air-brea

10、thing mammals that swim in the sea. But how do they sleep? If they stop swimming to take a nap, wont they sink and drown? Scientists studying seals and dolphins have discovered a surprising answer 一 these animals can sleep with one half of their brain while the other half stays awake! While the righ

11、t half of the dolphins brain is asleep, the left half stays awake. This lets the dolphin keep its nose above the water so it can breathe. After about 20 minutes, the sides switch, allowing the other half of the dolphins brain to sleep.Do Bugs Sleep?Bugs dont sleep in the same way we do. But they do

12、have periods of rest every day. Dragonflies often have a favorite spot that they return to time after time to rest.1. What can we know about giraffes sleeping habit?A. They are big sleepers.B. They dont need deep sleep at all.C. They usually stand up while sleeping.D. They tend to sleep more than th

13、eir prey.2. Which of the following animals chooses to be half-asleep?A. Wolves.B. Dolphins.3. How do dragonflies sleep?A. They sleep while flying.C They sleep in the same way humans do.C. Gorillas.D. Giraffes.B. They sleep on the surface of the water.D. They return to the same place to take a rest.【

14、答案】l.C 2. B 3. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同动物的睡眠习惯。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“So giraffes mostly take short naps while standing up.（所以长颈鹿大多是站着小 睡的）”可知，长颈鹿睡觉时通常站着。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 “Scientists studying seals and dolphins have discovered a surprising answer - these animals can sleep with one half of thei

15、r brain while the other half stays awake!（研究海豹和海豚的科学家们 发现了一个令人惊讶的答案一一这些动物睡觉时可以用一半的大脑睡觉，而另一半保持清醒！）”可知，海 豚选择半睡半醒。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中 uDragonflies often have a favorite spot that they return to time after time to rest.（蜻蜓经常有一个最喜欢的地方，它们会一次又一次地回到那里休息）”可知，蜻蜓回到同一个地方休 息。故选D。Hans is a young German born a

16、fter 1995, who is a big fan of Chinese culture. He has been learning traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) since 2016. Now he is studying fbr his masters degree at Henan University of Chinese Medicine.As he thought some diseases cant be treated thoroughly with Western medicine, he decided to research i

17、ntoTCM. Hans came to Central Chinas Henan Province in 2015, where a rich TCM culture can be enjoyed becauseHenan Province is the hometown of Zhang Zhongjing, the medical master of ancient China. After one year oflearning the Chinese language, he started to learn Chinese medicine. Hans thought TCM is

18、 one of the best- preserved aspects of Chinese culture. He hopes to solve problems and understand Chinese culture deeply by learning TCM.Without a language barrier, Hans read some of the ancient Chinese medical classics, such as Huangdi Neijing and Yi Jing. He believes different aspects of tradition

19、al Chinese culture interact with each other.Studying TCM also changed Hans mind and lifestyle. He used to be addicted to electronic devices and stay up late every night, trapped in this fast-paced but unhealthy daily routine. But now, according to the Yin-Yang theory in TCM, he lives a balanced and

20、peaceful life, practicing good habits such as drinking tea and meditating, as well as reading ancient books.Hans also uses what he has learned to help his family. Previously, acupuncture tools and Chinese medicine were necessities when he went back to his home in Germany. With acupuncture and Chines

21、e-style massages, various physical disorders of his family have been well-treated. Now, he always provides his family members with some advice about staying fit after he checks their skin or tongues online. Over time, his family gradually began to understand his passion for TCM.He plans to run a tra

22、ditional Chinese clinic in China or Germany after graduation, which could serve as a bridge between the two countries and publicize TCM and its culture.4. What attracted Hans to Henan Province to study TCM?A. Its rich TCM culture.B. Its unique language.C. Its beautiful scenery.D. Its famous universi

23、ty.5. What makes it possible for Hans to read ancient Chinese medical classics?A. His familys support.C. His language learning.6. How has studying TCM affected Hans?A. He has made a big fortune.C. He has set up a clinic in Germany.7. Which of the following best describes Hans?A. Ambitious.B. Brave.【

24、答案】4.A5.C6.D7. A8. His financial situation.D. His previous experience.8. He has known many medical experts.D. He has developed a healthy lifestyle.9. Humorous.D. Good-mannered.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 95后德国青年Hans学习中医文化的事情。介绍了他如何学习 中医以及中医对他的影响。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 “Hans came to Central Chinas Henan Provi

25、nce in 2015, where a rich TCM culture can be enjoyed because Henan Province is the hometown of Zhang Zhongjing, the medical master of ancient China.（汉 斯于2015年来到中国中部的河南省，在那里可以欣赏到丰富的中医文化，因为河南省是中国古代医学大 师张仲景的家乡）”可知，河南丰富的中医文化吸引Hans来到河南学习中医。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段 u Without a language barrier, Hans read som

26、e of the ancient Chinese medical classics, suchasHuangdiNeijingandYi Jing.（没有语言障碍，Hans阅读了一些中国古代医学经典，如黄帝内经 和易经）”可知，语言学习使Hans能够阅读中国古代医学经典。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Studying TCM also changed Hans mind and lifestyle. He used to be addicted to electronic devices and stay up late every night, trapped in this

27、fast-paced but unhealthy daily routine. But now, according to the Yin-Yang theory in TCM, he lives a balanced and peaceful life, practicing good habits such as drinking tea and meditating, as well as reading ancient books.（学习中医也改变了 Hans 的思想和生活方式。他 曾经沉迷于电子设备，每天都熬夜，被困在这种快节奏但不健康的日常生活中。但现在，根据中医的阴阳 学说，他过

28、着平衡和平的生活，养成了饮茶、冥想以及阅读古籍等好习惯）”可知，学习中医对Hans的影 响是让他养成了健康的生活方式。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后段 “He plans to run a traditional Chinese clinic in China or Germany after graduation, which could serve as a bridge between the two countries and publicize TCM and its culture.（他计戈ij毕业后在中国 或德国经营一家中医诊所，作为两国之间的桥梁，宣传中医及其文化）”

29、可推知，Hans很有抱负。故选 AoCDespite years of drought and water-saving policies, Californians continue to put a lot of clean, drinkable water into yards to keep the greenery alive. Now, however, Southern California officials have carried out very strict limits on outdoor water use in response to a water short

30、age emergency. So you may need to find other ways to keep your plants from drying in the summer sun.How about watering them with grey water instead of clean water? Grey water is the water from showers, bathtubs, washing machines anything thats not filled with human waste, food or poisonous chemicals

31、. With the right measures, grey water can be fine for most plant life.If youre a typical Southern Californian, youre throwing a lot of grey water into the sewer system. Every load of clothes you wash leads to roughly 15 to 40 gallons of it, depending on your washers design and efficiency. Over the c

32、ourse of a year, thousands of gallons of soapy water ran away. Thats enough to keep a number of trees and other plants happy. And if youre really ambitious, you can build a system that carries all of your horned grey water to the roots of your grassland, thus making your non-native grass in your yar

33、d watered regularly.Some critics, the Los Angeles Sanitation and Environment Bureau, see grey water recycling as environmentally risky, damaging public wastewater recycling efforts and uneconomic. However, other local agencies across the state, including the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power

34、, actively endorse grey water projects as a way to reduce water use. Supporters admit that the projects carry some risk and require great efforts, but insist that they can save clean water and help your plants.8. What can be inferred from paragraph 1?A. California is very rich in clean and drinkable

35、 water.B. There is a lack of water-saving policies in California.C. Outdoor water use in California will be strictly controlled.D. Different ways to save water have been adopted in California.9. Whats the purpose of paragraph 3?A. To summarize the benefits of using grey water.B. To provide reasons w

36、hy grey water should be used.C. To make a prediction about the future of grey water.D. To introduce some new ways to save drinkable water.10. Whafs the attitude towards the use of grey water according to the last paragraph?A. Negative.B. Indifferent.C. Positive.D. Objective.11. What does the underli

37、ned word “endorse“ mean in paragraph 4?A. Oppose.B. Promote.C. Abandon.D. Recover.【答案】8.C9.B10. D 11. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了加州将严格控制户外用水，介绍了用灰水代替清水给植物浇水 的方法。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段 “Now, however, Southern California officials have carried out very strict limits on outdoor water use in response to a water

38、 shortage emergency.（然而，现在南加州的官员已经对户外用水进行了 非常严格的限制，以应对缺水紧急情况）”可推知，加州将严格控制户外用水。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段 “If youre a typical Southern Californian, youre throwing a lot of grey water into the sewer system. Every load of clothes you wash leads to roughly 15 to 40 gallons of it, depending on your washers de

39、sign and efficiency. Over the course of a year, thousands of gallons of soapy water ran away. Thafs enough to keep a number of trees and other plants happy. And if youre really ambitious, you can build a system that carries all of your horned grey water to the roots of your grassland, thus making yo

40、ur non-native grass in your yard watered regularly.（如果你是典型的南加州人，你会把大量的灰水扔进下水道系统。你洗的每一件衣服大约 需要15到40加仑，这取决于你洗衣机的设计和效率。在一年中，成千上万加仑的肥皂水流失了。这足以 让一些树木和其他植物高兴。如果你真的雄心勃勃，你可以建立一个系统，将所有角状的灰水输送到你的 草原根部，从而使你院子里的非原生草定期浇水）”可推知，第3段的目的是提供使用灰水的理由。故选Bo【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Some critics, the Los Angeles Sanitation and

41、Environment Bureau, see grey water recycling as environmentally risky, damaging public wastewater recycling efforts and uneconomic. However, other local agencies across the state, including the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, actively endorse grey water projects as a way to reduce water u

42、se. Supporters admit that the projects carry some risk and require great efforts, but insist that they can save clean water and help your plants.（洛杉矶卫生和环境局的一些批评者认为， 灰水的循环利用对环境来说是有风险的，它会破坏公共废水的循环利用，而且不经济。然而，全州的其他 地方机构，包括洛杉矶水利和电力部门，都积极支持灰色水项目，作为减少用水的一种方式。支持者承认 这些项目有一定的风险，需要付出巨大的努力，但坚持认为它们可以节约清洁用水，帮助你的

43、植物）”可推 知，人们对使用灰水的态度是客观的。故选D。11题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文 “However, other local agencies across the state, including the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, actively n 以及后文 “ grey water projects as a way to reduce water use” 可知， however表示转折，说明全州的其他地方机构，包括洛杉矶水利和电力部门，都积极支持、提倡灰色水项 目，作为减少用水的一种方式。故画线词意思是“支持

44、，提倡”。故选B。DBabies can identify people who are closely related based on whether they exchange saliva, which may help them to understand the social world around them.Young children and their caregivers often share saliva, for example, if they kiss on the lips or eat with the same spoon. As a result, ch

45、ildren may learn that saliva-sharing is a sign of close relationships.To test this idea, Ashley Thomas at Harvard University and her workmates showed babies videos of puppets and actors in different situations.In one experiment, 20 babies aged between 8. 5 and 10 months old and 26 babies aged 16. 5

46、to 18.5 months watched a puppet eating from the same orange slice as a female actor - implying saliva-sharing - and playing ball with another. When the puppet later began to cry, the babies tended to look first and for longer at the salivasharing actor, as if they assumed she was more likely to prov

47、ide comfort.The experiment was repeated with 118 US babies aged 14.5 to 19 months from diverse racial, economic and geographical backgrounds and produced the same results.In another experiment, babies watched an actor put her finger in her mouth and then in the mouth of a puppet. They also watched h

48、er touch her forehead and then touch the forehead of another puppet. When the actor later looked annoyed and said “oh no，the babies looked first and fbr longer at the saliva-sharing puppet, as if expecting it to be the main comforter.Together, these results suggest that young children pick up saliva

49、-sharing cues and use them to identify “thick“ relationships those that involve strong attachments and moral duties of care, such as between close family members, says Thomas.It is important for young children to know who they have thick relationships with because they are dependent on others for survival and m