2023届浙江省天高教育共同体高三7月年级第一次联考试题英语试题（含答案解析）.docx

《2023届浙江省天高教育共同体高三7月年级第一次联考试题英语试题（含答案解析）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023届浙江省天高教育共同体高三7月年级第一次联考试题英语试题（含答案解析）.docx（25页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2023届浙江省天高教育共同体高三7月年级第一次联考试题英语试题学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、阅读理解Islands are different from a continent or mainland. The size and isolation of islands have a profound effect on island ecosystems and their inhabitants.Scientists who specialize in species evolution have found that, among mammal species that settle o

2、n islands, big species tend to shrink while small ones are apt to enlarge. This phenomenon, discovered by J. Bristol Foster in 1964, has been called Fosters rule, or the island effect. For instance, rodents （啮齿动物）living on islands tend toward gigantism, while big mammals arc more likely to become dw

3、arfed （矮小的）.Although there arc a number of exceptions to this pattern, the trend generally holds true for both fossil species and living island mammals.Fosters rule shows that body size regulates everything. In a mainland environment, being large is often a safer and adaptive form of avoiding predat

4、ors. On an island, with few natural predators and less competition, being really big is no longer an advantage; in fact, it can be a hindrance since a huge animal will need a lot more food in order to survive and reproduce.A new fossil study of island-dwelling proboscideans （长鼻目动物）further shows that

5、 the physical attributes and ecological structure of an island may affect the degree of shrinking in big mammals. On relatively balanced and species-rich islands, competition with other species often result in a relatively less dwarfed body size. In contrast, on smaller islands where food sources ar

6、e limited and competitors lacking, members of this group become smaller surprisingly quickly. On one of the Channel Islands 15 miles off the coast of France, the red deer dwarfed to one-sixth the size of deer on continental Europe in a mere 6,000 years after the island became isolated.1. What is （he

7、 second paragraph mainly about?A. The reasons why mammals change and evolve through time.B. A comparison of gigantism and dwarfism on different islands.C. The different patterns of evolution for big and small island mammals.五、申请信.假定你是李华，你和另一个学生是合住一间宿舍的常住生。你发现无法忍受室友的 一些行为，请给宿舍管理员写一封信，申请下学期更换房间。内容包括：(

8、1)提出换房要求，(2)阐述具体原因。注意：字数80左右。Dear Sir or Madam,Yours sincerely.Li Hua六、读后续写46 .阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Whatever life threw at us each year, come Christmas our family had one constant tradition: our dog Pepper opened our presents for us. Watching our sweet dog unwrap gifts always wanned the hol

9、iday, which was often a little bittersweet because college, studying abroad, or work commitments often kept my two sisters and me away.One year, everyone made it home for a Christmas together. I visited from college, Kaei flew in from Arizona, and Kara was back from Ireland. Moms jubilance kept her

10、busy baking cookies for us all. Our Christmas season should have been perfect.It couldnt feel perfect, though, because Peppers health was deteriorating. Her life had already been longer than we expected she was fourteen and yet her mind was still sharp. Her enthusiasm for life made us feel better. B

11、ut her body could not keep up with her spirit.Shed already shown the usual signs of deafness and stiftness. That year, her hips and back legs started giving out on her. We knew we would soon have to make a difficult decision.It was likely Peppers last Christmas, so we decided to make sure she enjoye

12、d it. On Christmas Eve, we gathered around the tree to open an early present. We each took a turn and then called Pepper to open one more. But her tangled legs could not navigate the boxes and shredded wrapping paper on the floor. She stumbled over the obstacles, and soon she disappeared into the ne

13、xt room. She crumpled back to the floor, as out of the way as she could gel.We were heartbroken. Could Pepper even participate in her last Christmas? Pepper stayed on the periphery of all our holiday activities. Throughout the day, we gave gifts but did not feel very giving. We shared stories over c

14、innamon rolls that tasted bland. We played games by the tree whose twinkles had dimmed.That evening, Kaei said what wed all been thinking: wish Pepper could have helped open presents this year. We all pul down our mugs of spiced lea. Maybe she still could,“ Kara said. But theres none leR, Mom remind

15、ed her. Kara jumped up and left the room. We heard her opening drawers and cabinets in the kitchen. 注意：(1)字数150左右， (2)请按如卜.格式在答题纸上作答。Kara returned with a box of dog biscuits, scissors, a pile of color paper, and a roll of tape.Soon, Pepper selected her first Christmas gift.试卷第12页，共12页参考答案:1. C 2. A

16、3. D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哺乳类动物的体型与岛屿生态的关系，定居在岛 屿上的哺乳动物物种，大型物种往往会缩小，而小型物种则容易变大。1 .主旨大意题。通读第二段内容，结合关键句“Scientists who specialize in species evolution have found that, among mammal species that settle on islands, big species （end to shrink while small ones are apt to enlarged专门研究物种进化的科学家发现，在定居在岛屿上的哺乳动物物

17、种中，大型物种往往会缩小，而小型物种则容易变大）”可知，文章第二段主要介绍了一项研 究发现，告诉我们大型和小型岛屿哺乳动物的不同进化模式，大型物种往往会缩小，而小型 物种则容易变大。由此可知，第二段主要讲了大型和小型岛屿哺乳动物的不同进化模式。故 选C项。2 .推理判断题。根据第三段关键句On an island, with few natural predators and less competition, being really big is no longer an advantage; in fact, it can be a hindrance since a huge anim

18、al will need a lot more food in order to survive and reproduce.（在个几乎没有天敌、竞争更少的岛屿 上，真正的大不再是优势；事实上，这可能是一个障碍，因为一个巨大的动物需要更多的食 物才能生存和繁殖）”可知，在岛屿上，体型大对动物来说不是优势，因为一个巨大的动物需 要更多的食物才能生存，而岛屿上缺乏食物。由此可知，大型哺乳动物在岛上可能面临的问 题是缺少食物。故选A项。3 .推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句On one of the Channel Islands 15 miles off the coast of France, t

19、he red deer dwarfed to one-sixth the size of deer on continental Europe in a mere 6,000 years after the island became isolated4在离法国海岸15英里的一个海峡群岛上，马鹿在该岛与 世隔绝后仅6000年内就矮化到欧洲大陆鹿的六分之一）”可知，文章最后一段列举了马鹿的 实例告诉我们，生活在岛屿上的大型哺乳动物的体型会缩小，马鹿在岛屿上与世隔绝后仅 6000年内就矮化到欧洲大陆鹿的六分之一。由此可知，作者是通过实例来总结最后一段的。 故选D项。4 . A 5. D 6. B

20、7. C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印度的时区历史演变及其引发的相关问题5 .推理判读题。根据第一段“For decades, Indias time zone has been a hotly debated issue. Backin 1884 when time zones were officially established, （wo time zones were used Bombay Time and Calcutta Time. Indian Standard Time （1ST） was introduced in 1906, but Calcutta Time

21、and Bombay Time continued to be maintained after（几十年来，印度的时区一直是一个备受争议的 问题。早在1884年正式建立时区时，就使用了两个时区孟买时间和加尔各答时间。印 度标准时间（1ST）于1906年引入，但加尔各答时间和孟买时间在之后继续保持不变）”根据 第二段“The current single time zone, though a legacy of British rule, is often viewed as a symbol of unity.（目前的单一时区虽然是英国统治的遗产，但通常被视为团结的象征）可推知，A 项中的图

22、片能够说明自1955年以来的印度时区系统。故选A。6 .词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句话“Meanwhile, recent studies point out that the cuiTent system leads to a serious problem in education for some students.（同时，最近的研究指Hl,目前的制度 导致了一些学生在教育方面的严重问题），以及划线单词所在的后半句话“mostly due to their noisy environment and lack of sleep-inducing facilities like windo

23、w shades or indoor beds（主要是 因为他们的环境嘈杂，缺乏像窗帘或室内床这样的睡眠诱导设施）”可知，这种由日落引起的 睡眠剥夺在穷人中更为显著。所以划线单词的意思为“显著的故选D。7 .推理判断题。根据第三段“Meanwhile, recent studies point out that the current system leads to a serious problem in education for some students. Nationwide, the school day starts at roughly the same time; thus,

24、 children go to bed later and have reduced sleep in west India, where the sun sets later. Such sunset-induced sleep deprivation is more pronounced among the poor, mostly due to their noisy environment and lack of slccp-inducing facilities like window shades or indoor beds. On average, an hours delay

25、 in sunset time reduces childrens sleep by 30 minutes, and an hours delay in annual average sunset time reduces education by about 0.8 years. As a result, children living in locations with later sunsets are less likely to complete primary and middle school education.（与此同时，最近的研究指出，目前的制度导致了 些学生在教育方面的严

26、重问题。 在全国范围内，上学时间基本相同;因此，在太阳落山较晚的西印度，孩子们晚睡，睡眠时 间减少。这种由口落引起的睡眠剥夺在穷人中更为明显，主要是由于他们的环境嘈杂，缺乏 窗帘或室内床等促进睡眠的设施。平均来说，日落时间延迟一小时会使儿童的睡眠减少30 分钟，而年平均日落时间延迟1小时会使教育减少约0.8年。因此，居住在日落较晚地区的 儿童完成小学和中学教育的可能性较小。）“可知，如果采用单一的时区系统，会让儿童的睡 眠减少，对教育产生不好的影响。由此可推知，如果采用多个时区，就会减少这种影响。所 以“孩子们可能有更好的睡眠和教育质量。”是对多个时区论点的支持。故选B。8 .推理判断题。根据

27、第二段“Indias independence in 1947, until 1948 and 1955 respectively. The current single time zone, though a legacy of British rule, is often viewed as a symbol of unity. Yet, not everyone thinks it is a good idea. India stretches 3.000 km from east to west, spanning roughly 30 degrees longitude. This

28、corresponds to a two-hour difference in mean solar time, based on the position of the sun in the sky. Thus, the sun rises nearly two hours earlier in the cast than in Indias far west. In Northeastern states, sunrise can be as early as 4 a.m. in summer and sunset by 4 p.m. in winter, much earlier （ha

29、n （he official working hours. This results in great loss of daylight hours and more consumption of electricity, and often reduced productivity.（印度分别于 1947 年、1948 年和1955年独立。H前的单一时区虽然是英国统治的遗产，但通常被视为团结的象征。然 而，并不是每个人都认为这是个好主意。印度东西绵延3000公里，经度约为30度。根据 太阳在天空中的位置，这相当于平均太阳时的两小时差。因此，太阳从东方升起的时间比印 度遥远的西部早了近两个小时

30、。在东北部各州，夏季日出最早可在凌晨4点，冬季日落最早 可于下午4点，比官方工作时间早得多。这会导致大量的白天时间损失和更多的电力消耗， 并且往往会降低生产率）”可知，根据太阳在天空中的位置，在印度会有两小时的时差，瓦拉 纳西市处于东经83度，距离印度最东侧东经68度相差15度,距离印度最西侧东经97度相 差14度，基本上处于印度中间位置，因此冬季日落最早可于下午4点，太阳从东方升起的 时间比印度遥远的西部早了近两个小时，日落也早2个小时，处于中间位置就早1个小时。 由此可推知，瓦拉纳西市12月的日落时间最有可能是五点。故选C。9 . B 9. A 10. D II. B【导语】这是一篇说明文

31、。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚的传统美食天贝。10 细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二、三句话A stable, cheap source of protein in Indonesia fbr centuries, tempeh is a fermented（发酵的）food originating from the island of Java. It was discovered during tofu production when discarded soybean residue caught microbial spores from the air and grew certain w

32、hitish fungi around it. When this fermented residue（残渣）was found to be edible and tasty, people began producing it at home for daily consumption across the country. （天贝是印尼几个世纪以来稳定、廉价的蛋白质来源，是一种源自爪哇岛的发酵食品。这是 在豆腐生产过程中发现的，当时丢弃的豆渣从空气中捕捉到微生物抱子，并在其周围生长出 某些白色真菌。当这种发酵残渣被发现可以食用且美味时，人们开始在家生产它，供全国各 地的日常消费）”可知，天

33、贝这种食物是由发醉的大豆制成的。故选B。11 推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句话“It was discovered during tofu production when discarded soybean residue caught microbial spores from the air and grew certain whitish fungi around it. When this fermented residue（残渣）was found to be edible and tasty, people began producing it at home for daily

34、 consumption across the country.（这是在豆腐生产过程中发现的， 当时丢弃的豆渣从空气中捕捉到微生物胞子，并在其周围生长出某些白色真菌。当这种发解 残渣被发现可以食用且美味时，人们开始在家生产它，供全国各地的日常消费）”，第三段第 一句话“Tempeh is high in protein and low in fat, and contains a host of vilamins.（天贝蛋白质含 量高，脂肪含量低，并含有大量维生素）”以及第四段第一句话“In addition to its highly nutritional makeup, tempeh h

35、as diverse preparation possibilities. （； /高营养的化妆品外，天贝 还有多种制作可能性）”可知，第二段到第四段分别介绍了天贝的来源，她的营养成分以及它 可以制作成很多的美食。故选A。12 .推理判断题。根据全文尤其是最后一段“For the people of Indonesia, tempeh is not just food but also has cultural value. With the Indonesian traditional fabric balik（蜡染）being recognized by UNESCO as “Intang

36、ible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, tempeh has great potential for this honor as well.（对印尼人民来说，天贝不仅是食物，而且具有文化价值。随着印尼传统织物蜡染被 联合国教科文组织认定为“人类非物质文化遗产”，天贝也有很大的潜力获得这一荣誉）”可知, 天贝也有很大的潜力获得“人类非物质文化遗产”这一荣誉。由此可推知，天贝很可能被视 为一个国际文化符号。故选D。13 .标题判断题。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚的传统美食天贝，它的来源，营养成分，以及 它可以被制作成很多的美食，天贝也有很大的潜力获得“人类非物质文化遗产

37、”这一荣誉。 所以“天贝：爪哇传统美食“适合作本文的标题。故选B。14 . A 13. C 14. B 15. D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名桌游大富翁的由来以及演变。12 .文章大意题。根据第一段“Monopoly（大富翁）is a very popular board game around the world today, but little is known about its American inventor, Elizabeth Magie, and the philosophy behind her invention/大富翁是当今世界上一款非常流行的棋类游戏，

38、但人们对其美国发明家伊 丽莎白马奇及其发明背后的哲学知之甚少）以及全文可知，本篇文章主要介绍了著名桌游大 富翁的由来以及演变。故选A。13 .细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“The Prosperity rules stated that every player should gain 答案第4页，共12页each time someone acquired a new property.（繁荣规则规定，每次有人获得新财产时，每个玩 家都应该获得）“可知，繁荣规则提倡当一个人获得财富时，所有人都应该得到奖励。故选Co 14.指代猜测题。根据第四段第 洵话“An unemployed play

39、er named Charles Darrow sold this modified version to the manufacturer Parker Brothers as his own.（一位名叫查尔斯达罗的失业 球员将这一修改版本作为自己的产品出售给制造商帕克兄弟）”以及倒数第二句话“They then rc-launchcd the game as Monopoly, including only the rules leading to the triumph of one over all. Darrow was publicized as the inventor who

40、had become a millionaire from selling the game.（然后, 他们以垄断的形式重新推出了游戏，只包括导致“一胜一负的规则。达罗被宣传为发明者， 他因出售这款游戏而成为百万富翁）“可知，达罗从手无分文的失业球员因出售这款游戏而成 为百万富翁。由此可知，换线的单词指“达罗在出售游戏后的成功故选B。15. 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句话“Inspired by Henry George who believed that all men should have an equal right to use the land as they have to br

41、eathe air, she challenged the capitalist system of property ownership in （he form of a board game.（受亨利乔治的启发，她认为所有 人都应该享有平等的土地使用权，就像呼吸空气一样。她以棋盘游戏的形式挑战了资本主义 的财产所有权制度）”以及第四段最后一句话“Thus a raqs-lo-riches mylh was created, ironically exemplifying Monopolys implicit（含蓄的）values: Chase wealth and crush your o

42、pponents if you want to come out on top.（于是，一个白手起家的神话诞生了，讽刺的是，它体现了垄断的隐 性价值观：追逐财富，如果你想在竞争中脱颖而出，就击败对手）”可知，现在游戏的版本体 现了垄断的隐性价值观，和Magie最初的理念是想违背的。由此可推知，她对现在游戏的版 本应该是感到不高兴的。故选D。16. B 17. A 18. F 19. E 20. G【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了非洲部落对亡者的传统信仰。16.根据“In the traditional religions of Africa, life doesnt end with d

43、eath.（在非洲的传统宗教中, 生命不会以死亡而结束）“以及“Some African groups believe these spirits dwell （栖居） underground in a world much like that of the living-but upside down.（一些非洲I 团体认为，这些 灵魂居住在一个非常类似于生活但颠倒的世界的地下）”可知，选项承接上下文说明死后生命 存在的形式。由此可知,B项“死后，人类继续作为灵魂生存。”符合语境。B项中的“After death” 和前文的“end with death”相呼应。故选B。17. |艮据Amo

44、ng the spirits, the ancestors comprise a special category of their own.（在这些灵魂中，祖先构成了他们自己的一个特殊类别）“以及“To become an ancestor is the best that one can hope for after death.（成为一个祖先是一个人死后最美好的愿望）”可知，选项承接上文说明祖 先构成了他们自己的一个特殊类别的原因。由此可知，A项“作为祖先，他们有一些额外的 力量。”符合语境。A项中“As ancestors”和上下文的ancestors”相呼应。故选A。18. 根据 卜

45、 文“But they punish people if certain ceremonies have not been performed properly or if there are some violations of community laws.（如果某些仪式没有正确举行，或者有一些违反社区法律的行为，他们会惩罚人们）”可知，选项与下文为转折关系，说明相对应的情 况。由此可知，F项“只要他们的后代履行适当的仪式并给予应有的尊重，他们就会在困难 时期提供帮助。“符合语境，而且和下文形成转折关系。故选F。19. 根据“For example, the people of Bugan

46、da in present-day Uganda say that their first ancestor was Kintu, who came from the land of the gods and married Nambe, daughter of the king of heaven. Another example is the Dinkas of Sudan, who believe they arc descended from Garang and Abuk, the first man and woman created by God as tiny clay fig

47、ures in a pol.（伊J如I,今天乌干 达的布干达人说，他们的始祖是金图，他来自众神之地，娶了天王的女儿纳姆贝为妻。另一 个例子是苏丹的丁卡人，他们相信自己是加朗和阿布克的后裔，这是上帝创造的第一个在罐 子里做泥人的男人和女人）”可知，这两个例子表明，本段主要讲述对祖先崇拜在一些非洲民 族的神话中也起着非常重要的作用。由此可知，E项”祖先崇拜在一些非洲民族的神话中也 起着非常重要的作用。”符合语境。故选E。20. 根据“Another example is the Dinkas of Sudan, who believe they are descended from Garang

48、and Abuk, the first man and woman created by God as liny clay figures in a pol.（另一例子是为: 丹的丁卡人，他们相信自己是加朗和阿布克的后裔，这是上帝创造的第一个在罐子里做泥人 的男人和女人）”可知，选项承接上文说明尊敬的死者对非洲人的意义。由此可知，G项“对 这些非洲人来说，尊敬的死者不仅成为崇拜的对象，而且成为故事和传说的主题。”符合语 境。G 项中的also subjects of talcs and legends”和前文the first man and woman created by God as t

49、iny clay figures in a pot”相呼应。故选 GoB 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C【导语】这是篇记叙文。主要饼述了“前”美国亿万富翁杳尔斯菲尼的发家史以及他最终答案第6页，共12页把所有财富都花在慈善事业上的事情。21 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：这正是发生在“前”美国亿万富翁查尔斯菲尼身上的事情。A. truly 真地;B. exactly 恰好地;C. genuinely 真诚地;D. absolutely 绝对地。根据上文“Generous billionaires are not hard to come by, but it is definitely a challenge to find a billionaire who spends all his fortune o