湖南省永州市2021年中考英语真题试卷.docx

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1、湖南省永州市2021年中考英语真题试卷阅卷人、阅读选择（共40分，每小题2分）（共20题；共40分） 得分阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳答案。Chinas unbelievable high-speed rail networkAt the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow, crowded and often uncomfortable trains ran across this vast country, with low average speeds m

2、aking journeys such as Shanghai-Beijing a test of travel.Today, its a completely different picture. With 37,900 kilometers of lines, linking all of its major big cities. China has the worlds largest work of high-speed railways. Half of that total has been completed in the last five years alone, with

3、 a further 3,700 kilometers due to open in the coming months of 2021. The network is expected to double in length again, to 70,000 kilometers, by 2035.1. （2 分）How were the trains in China at the beginning of the 21st century?A. Fast.B. Comfortable.C. Crowded.2. （2 分） How many kilometers of lines are

4、 due to open in the coining months of 2021 ?A. 3,700.B. 37,900.C. 70,000.阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳答案。阅卷人得分movie.五、回答问题（共10分，每小题2分）（共5题；共10分）阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。Rice is one of the most commonly eaten basic foods around the world. Buying it and cooking it is a daily matter. Yet for many, its pre

5、sence has been a matter of life and death. It is a main food because it is easy to grow, besides low cost and convenience. A poor community in the developing world may find it difficult to bring in foreign fruits or raise cattle for meat, but it can almost certainly use the land it has in order to g

6、row plenty of rice.This was the great achievement of Yuan Longping, who passed away on May 22 this year. A great Chinese scientist, Yuan successfully developed what is known as Hhybrid rice which can produce up a 30% higher output. Yuan Longping was born in the year 1930, a time when China was very

7、different. It was a nation, without modern industry, depending on the rice which they grew. The first few decades （十年）of his life were met with major social events, and a rapidly growing population that made food supply not last all the time. This experience left its mark on Yuan Longping, which mad

8、e him focus on （关注）farming science and work on his research of hybrid rice.His achievement would see the rice supply in China increasing from 56.9 million tons in 1950 to 194.7 million tons by 2017. By 1991,20% of the worlds rice output came from hybrid rice, even if only being planted in 10% of fie

9、lds.Always remember, human development begins first with the most basic and sample things, such as developing rice. We should be thankful for scientific thinkers like Yuan.46. （2 分）Why is rice a main food around the world?47. （2 分）What did Yuan develop successfully?48. （2 分）When was Yuan Longping bo

10、rn?49. （2 分）What made Yuan focus on farming science?50. （2 分）How many tons was the rice supply in China by 2017?阅卷入得分六、语篇翻译（共8分,每小题2分）（共4题；共8分）（8分）阅读下面的短文，然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语上。The role of the disabled in societyThe 2022 Paralympic Winter Games will be held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in north Chinas He

11、bei province.Hosting the Paralympic Games will help draw attention to the need for countries to do more to make sure equal chances for all people in society.It is necessary So realize the great achievements which are made by disabled people.残疾人在中国的生活已经改善了很多,and more achievements are expected to be s

12、een as the country has been speeding up to realize the goal of achieving equality, participation and sharing,H as expressed in the 2019 White Paper on Chinas 70 years of progress in dealing with the needs of the disabled.The Chinese government is trying to solve the needs of the disabled and provide

13、 them with new chances. For example, buildings, holds, public transport and other public places are becoming more wheelchair friendly.Modern media also play an important role in educating the public about the needs of the disabled and also changing society*s image of them, so there is greater focus

14、on their special abilities rather than on their abilities.In fact, the societys most disabled people provide all of us with important lessons. They show us confidence, creativity and positivity. The loser will fail 99 times and then give up.要成功，你必须有耐 心，永不放弃。You must always learn from your failures,

15、and move on. 53.阅卷人得分七、书面表达（共12分）（共1题；共12分）假如你是李假如你是李55. （12分）每个人心中都有一个闪亮的名字，如张桂梅、钟南山、你的妈妈xxx 华，请给你的英国笔友Linda写一封电子邮件，介绍你心目中的一位英雄。注意：信中必须包含英雄的基本信息和主要事迹；信中不得出现自己的校名和姓名；80词左右（首段己给出，不计入总词数）。Dear Linda,How are you getting on? Im writing this email to share a story with you.答案解析部分2. C【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了中

16、国令人难以置信的高铁。【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据， 最后得出正确答案。1 .细节理解题。根据文中第一段 At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow, crowded and often uncomfortable trains ran across this vast country, 21 世纪初， 中国还没有高速铁 路。缓慢、拥挤、常常让人不舒服的火车穿过这个辽阔的国家，可知，21世纪初，中国的火车很拥 挤，故选C。2 .细节

17、理解题。根据文中第二段 The network is expected to double in length again, to 70,000 kilometers, by 2035.可知预计到2035年，该网络的长度将再翻一番，达到7万公里。故选C。【答案】3. AB4. B【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要是关于美国不同年龄的孩子上网的比例和在网上所做的事的比 例的表格。【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读表格内容，分析问题和选项，从表格中找到依据，最后得出正确 答案。3 .细节理解题。根据第一个柱状图内容可知，5至9岁的孩子有百分之41使用网络，故选A。4 .细节理解题。根据第二个表格内容可

18、知，百分之76的孩子从网上获得新闻或信息，故选B。5 .细节理解题。根据第二个表格内容可知，百分之43的孩子通常在网上买书，故选B。 【答案】6. CC7. AB8. A【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了一种新型的笔记本电脑让贫困的孩子也能学习。【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据， 最后得出正确答案。6 .细节理解题。根据文中第一段 Can a green machine help the worlds poorest kids learn better?Nicholas Negroponte thinks so. .many child

19、ren who live in poverty （贫穷）will have their own laptop computers!可知，内格罗蓬特认为他的笔记本电脑将帮助世界上最贫穷的孩子更好地学习，故选Co7 .细节理解题。根据文中第二段 OLPC makes computers that dont cost a lot. Then they sell the machines to governments of countries that have many people live in poverty. 可矢口, OLPC 的人把电脑 卖给有很多贫困人口的政府。故选C。8 .细节理解题

20、。根据文中第三段 In order to work, the laptops have to be lasting and student-friendly.可 知，xo笔记本电脑在帮助环境的同时让学习变得有趣，是因为它们经久耐用，对学生友好。故选Ao9 .词句猜测题。根据前面 Another great character is that it can last for a long time.另一个极大的特点 是它可以持续很长时间。和后面的并列句also can be recharged by connecting to a solar panel.也可以通 过连接太阳能电池板进行充电。可

21、知，此处指“它可以手动充电“，所以charged是充电的意思， 故选Bo.细节理解题。根据文中最后一段 OLPC plans to give out over ten million computers in the next few years. Kids in Thailand, Nigeria, Brazil, and Argentina will get most of them. 可知，在泰国的孩子会在 未来儿年得到大部分的电脑，故选A。【答案】IL BA12. CC13. B【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了狗可以用敏锐的嗅觉闻到人们呼吸中的癌症气味。【点评】考查阅读理解。首

22、先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据， 最后得出正确答案。11 .细节理解题。根据文中第一段 Dogs might have the latest tools in the fight against cancer （癌症）； their noses!可知，狗狗对抗癌症的最新武器是鼻子，故选B。12 .细节理解题。根据文中第一段 Researchers at Californias Pine Street Foundation PSP）say they have trained five dogs to smell cancer on a prisons breath.

23、 可知， Pine Street Foundation 测试训练了五 条可以嗅出囚犯呼吸中的癌症的狗，故选A。13 .细节理解题。根据文中第三段 Each dog had been trained for three weeks to sit when it smelled cancer.可知每只狗都经过了三个星期的训练，当它闻到癌症时，就会坐下来。故选C。14 .细节理解题。根据表格内容可知，当狗闻到健康人的呼吸时，它们会站708次，故选C。15 .细节理解题。根据文中最后一段 For example, they thought the way the dog trainers behave

24、d could have influenced how the dogs acted.可知，许多专家质疑狗的嗅觉是因为训狗师会影响狗的行为。故选Bo【答案】16. CC17. BC18. B【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了利用垃圾回收而制造成的艺术品。【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据， 最后得出正确答案。16 .推理判断题。根据右边的具体信息可知，此处介绍的是：在人们开始回收之前很久，回收艺术 就已经开始了，故选C。17 .主旨大意题。根据第三段内容及 All of the pieces were made from used met

25、al, wood, cloth, and plastic.所有的艺术品都是用旧的金属、木头、布和塑料制成的。可知，本段介绍的是：劣质的材料 也可以制成艺术品，故选C。18 .细节理解题。根据文中 All of the pieces were made from used metal, wood, cloth, and plastic.可 知，在展会中分享的展品都是由回收材料制作而成的，故选B。19 .细节理解题。根据文中最后 If you reduce waste, true things instead of throwing them out, and recycle materials

26、such as paper, plastic, and glass, you will protect the environment. 可知, 我们可以通过 回收原料来保护环境，故选C。20 .主旨大意题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要介绍了利用垃圾回收而制造成的艺术品。所以本文 的标题可以是：回收的艺术，故选B。【答案】21. F； 22. D； 23. A； 24. E； 25. B【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了五种训练大脑改善睡眠的方法。A. The body like routine 身体喜欢常规Avoid heavy or hot foods避免吃油腻或热的食物B. Refu

27、se coffee later in the day当天晚些时候不要喝咖啡One of the first tasks is to set up your sleep environment 首要任务之一就是营造睡眠环境C. Wine may help you fall asleep, but it holds you in the lighter sleep 酒可以帮助你入睡,但它会让你在 较浅的睡眠中保持清醒E Many of the ways to increase the quality of your sleep are easy to follow 很多提高睡眠质量的方法都很 容易

28、遵循【点评】考查任务型阅读。首先跳过空格通读全文，了解文章大意，然后分析选项，根据语境选择 正确的词性和词形，注意上下文连接的连贯性。21 . 根据前面 Sleep is one of the three keys to a healthier, longer life (the others are diet and exercise). 睡 眠是健康长寿的三个关键之一(其他的是饮食和锻炼)。和后面Here are the top five ways to improve your sleep and get some zzs:以下是改善睡眠和获得睡眠的五大方法：可知，F项承前启后，故选F。

29、22 .根据此处的建议 Create a sleep nest 和后面 Science tells us that we sleep better in cooler temperatures of about 60 to 67 degrees Fahrenheit (15 to 20).科学告诉我们，我们在 60 至67 华氏度 (15到20摄氏度)的较低温度下睡得更好。可知，此处是建议营造睡眠环境，故选D。23 . 根据前面 Set up a bedtime ritual by taking a warm bath or shower, reading a book or listenin

30、g to soft music. Youre teaching your mind to relax. And stick to it. Go to bed and get up at the same time each day, even on weekends or your days off.养成睡前的习惯，洗个热水澡，读本书或者听轻音乐。你在教你的 大脑放松。坚持下去。每天在同一时间睡觉和起床，即使是在周末或休息日。可知，A项承接此 句，故选A。24 .根据前面Dont turn to wine to make you calm or help you sleep.不要用酒来使你平静

31、或帮助你入 睡。可知，此处谈论的是跟酒有关的话题，E项承接此句，故选E。25 . 根据后面 Heavy and spicy foods may give you heartburn or other digestive problems, thus influencing your ability to get and stay asleep.油腻和辛辣的食物可能会让你胃灼热或其他消化问题，从而影响你 入睡和保持睡眠的能力。可知，此处是建议应该是避免吃油腻或热的食物，故选B。【答案】26. C； 27. A； 28. A； 29. C； 30. A； 31. A； 32. B； 33. C；

32、34. C； 35. A【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述了妈妈在新冠肺炎期间检测成阳性，爸爸细心照顾妈妈及 及其他病人的事迹，由此给了我很大的启示。【点评】考查完形填空。首先跳过空格通读全文，了解文章大意，然后分析选项，根据语境选择正 确的选项，注意固定短语，语法和句型结构等因素。26 .句意：这非常令人沮丧，因为我们不能见别的任何人，不能去别人家。A.发电子邮件；B.打电 话；C见面。根据and we can*t go to others* homes可知，此处指见面，故选C。27 .句意：我们一直呆在家里，但我钦佩每天冒着生命危险帮助我们保持健康和安全的医护人员。A.钦佩；B.喜欢；

33、C.错过。根据 the healthcare workers who have risked their lives every day to help us stay healthy and safe.可知，此处指钦佩，故选Ao.句意：我感到吃惊，但我不知道等着我们的是什么。A.感到吃惊的；B.感到兴奋的；C.担心 的。根据前面I got news that school is closed for two weeks.我听说学校要停课两周。可知，此处指感 到吃惊，故选A。28 .句意：特别是我的妈妈，她生病了。A.姐姐；B.爸爸；C.妈妈。根据后面Watching my mother5fe

34、ver, cough, and shortness of breath was heartbreaking, 可知,此处指妈妈病 了 ,故选 C。29 .句意：看着母亲一直发烧、咳嗽、呼吸急促，我的心都碎了，A.继续，一直；B.站立；C.接 受。根据 fever, cough, and shortness of breath 可知，此处指一直，故选 A。30 .句意：父亲是懂得治疗新冠肺炎患者的医生，对此我感到很欣慰。A.医生；B.工人；C.老师。 根据 who knows how to treat COVID-19 patients 可知,此处指医生,故选 Ao.句意：他不仅照顾我们，而且每

35、天都在无私地治疗新冠肺炎患者和服务社区。A.控制；B.服 务；C.打扫。根据treating patients with COVID-19 可知,此处指服务社区，故选B。31 .句意：这次经历教会了我对生活中所拥有的一切心存感激。A.事故；B.旅行；C.经历。根据前 文所述可知，此处指家人经历的新冠肺炎的经历，故选C。32 .句意：我父亲教导我要无私、乐于助人、勇敢。A.问；B.告诉；C.教。根据前文所述可知，前 面叙述了爸爸无私地治疗新冠肺炎患者和服务社区的事迹，所以此处指教导，故选C。33 .句意：焦虑是可以的，但要记住，在频道的最后都有光，生活将恢复正常。A.灯，光；B.标 志；C.风。

36、根据 at the end of the channel and life will get normal again.可知，此处指有光，故选 Ao.【答案】longer【解析】【分析】句意：现在，更好的医疗和更干净的水帮助人们活得更长。long长久地，副词， 此处修饰动词，需要副词，根据better medical care and cleaner water可知,此处指活得更长,也用比 较级，故填longer。【点评】考查副词比较级。注意根据语境选择正确的比较级。34 .【答案】buildings【解析】【分析】句意：位于北京中心的故宫是中国最大的古建筑之一。building建筑，可数名词

37、， 根据空前all the可知，此处需要名词复数，故填buildings。【点评】考查可数名词复数。注意all the后跟可数名词复数。35 .【答案】reducing【解析】【分析】句意：世界各地的人们都在致力于减少导致全球变暖的因素。reduce减少，动词， work on doing sth.致力于做某事，固定短语，on是介词，后跟动名词作宾语，故填reducing。【点评】考查动名词。注意介词后跟动名词作宾语。36 .【答案】the【解析】【分析】句意：不登长城非好汉。Great Wall长城，专有名词，前面需要定冠词the,故填 the。【点评】考查定冠词。注意专有名词前面需要定冠词

38、。37 .【答案】which【解析】【分析】句意：中国的官方语言是普通话，外国人通常称之为普通话。此处是非限制性定语 从句，先行词是物，所以应该用which引导，故填which。【点评】考查定语从句的连接词。注意识记which的用法。38 .【答案】celebrated【解析】【分析】句意：中秋节对家庭来说是一个特殊的节日，人们在农历八月十五日庆祝它。根据 Mid-Autumn Festival is a special time for families和空前is可知，此处指被庆祝，是一般现在时的被 动语态，用is done形式，庆祝celebrate,动词，故填celebrated。【点评

39、】考查一般现在时的被动语态和动词的过去分词。注意识记其结构和用法。39 .【答案】said【解析】【分析】句意：毛主席曾经说过，妇女能顶半边天。say说，动词，根据。nee可知，此处 描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，say过去式是said,故填said。【点评】考查一般过去时。注意根据语境确定时态和动词的变化。40 .【答案】has【解析】【分析】句意：中国有三种主要的茶：绿茶、黑茶和乌龙茶（介于红茶和绿茶之间的一种 茶）。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，此处主语是专有名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式， have有，动词，故填has。【点评】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。注意根据主语确定动词的形式。

40、41 .【答案】communication【解析】【分析】句意：Mattew Chimudzi想要学习中文，以便有一天他能和中国人很好地交流。communicate交流，动词；communication交流，不可数名词，但是前面有形容词修饰，表示一 次的交流时为可数名词，have a good communication with sb.和某人很好地交流，固定短语，故填 communication o【点评】考查词性转化，注意识记动词变为名词的变化规则。42 .【答案】to watch【解析】【分析】句意：当我生日来临的时候，我想邀请我的朋友看电影。watch观看，动词，invite sb.

41、to do sth.邀请某人做某事，固定短语，所以此处需要动词不定式，故填to watcho【点评】考查固定短语和动词不定式。注意识记固定短语invite sb. to do sth.。【答案】46. It is a main food because it is easy to grow, besides low cost and convenience.47. Hybrid rice./He developed hybrid rice successfully.48. He was born in the year 193O./In the year 193O./In 1930.49. T

42、he rapidly growing population that made food supply not last all the time.50. 194.7 million tons.【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了大米的重要性及杂交水稻之父袁隆平的基本事迹。【点评】考查任务型阅读。首先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后分析问题，从文中找到依据，最后 得出正确答案。46. 根据文中第段 It is a main food because it is easy to grow, besides low cost and convenience. 可 知，大米是一种主要的食物，因为它很

43、容易种植，而且成本低，方便。故答案为It is a main food because it is easy to grow, besides low cost and convenience.47. 根据文中第二段 Yuan successfully developed what is known as nhybrid rice which can produce up a 30% higher output.可知袁隆平成功地培育出了著名的“杂交水稻 这种水稻的产量可以提高30%。 故答案为 Hybrid rice./He developed hybrid rice successfully

44、.48. 根据文中第二段Yuan Longping was born in the year 1930,可知袁隆平出生于1930年，故答案为 He was born in the year 193O./In the year 193O./In 1930.49. 根据文中第二段 The first few decades （十年）of his life were met with major social events, and a rapidly growing population that made food supply not last all the time. This exper

45、ience left its mark on Yuan Longping, which made him focus on （关注）farming science and work on his research of hybrid rice. 可 知，袁隆平专注于农业科学是因为快速增长的人口使食物供应不能一直持续下去。故答案为The rapidly growing population that made food supply not last all the time.50. 根据文中第三段 His achievement would see the rice supply in Chi

46、na increasing from 56.9 million CyberbidsI This bar graph shows the percentage of U.S kids who surf the websPopular things to do on the InternetSend an e-mailplay gamesPercentage of kids online89%87%|Go online to get news or imformationSend or receive messages.Buy things : such as books , clothingsS

47、end or reveive messages using a ceil phone75%25%43%38%（2 分）41.0% of kids aged use the Internet.A. 59B. 1013C. 14173. （ 2 分）What percentage of kids gets news or information online?A. 89%.B. 76%.C. 38%.4. （2 分）What do 43% of kids usually do on the Internet?A. Play games.B. Buy books.C. Send or receive

48、 instant messages.阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳答案。Can a green machine help the worlds poorest kids learn better? Nicholas Negroponte thinks so. He and his team of scientists have invented a new type of computer. As a result, many children who live in poverty （贫穷）will have their own laptop computers!Negroponte works at a university. He started a group called One Laptop Per Child （OLPC）, The people tons in 1950 to 194.7 million tons