备战2023年高考英语重难题型高分攻略05 阅读理解之主旨大意题（学生版）.docx

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1、备故2023高考阅读之主旨大意题目录内容板块一题型解析板块二高考真题感悟板块三模考题练手板块四课后习题训练一：题型解析1：词义猜测设题方式1 .问文章主旨（topic）2 .问最好标题（besttitle）3 .问作者意图（purpose、aim why）2：设问方式1）主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式The main idea of the passage is .The passage is mainly about.What is the passage mainly about?Which of the following statements best expresses the ma

2、in idea of the passage?2）目的类主旨大意题The passage is meant to .The purpose of this article is to .The author intends to.3）标题类主旨大意题The best title fbr the passage might be .3：解题技巧1： 1）主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在说明文，科技文献和新闻报道 中多采用这种格式。例题分析：People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they h

3、avent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hambu

4、rger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.2：主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后自然得出结论，即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾 schooling platforms are seeing similar growth. Together these two elements are redefining the conventional family. When living nearby work or school are no longer household factors, the doors to t

5、he world are open wide. These are major shifts in our lifestyle definitions and they will directly impact how we exist and interact in the world in our future lifestyles.2： What is the best title for the text?A. The Advantage of Working from HomeB. The Future Changes of LifestyleC. The New Ways of C

6、ommunicationD. The New Trend in Future Education（宁夏回族自治区银川一中2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题）“The pile of ice is so thick; it extends more than 10, 000 feet above the ocean. And if all that ice were to melt and go into the ocean, global sea levels would rise by about 24 feet everywhere around the world,sai

7、d Jason Briner, a geologist who studies the ice sheet in Greenland at the University of Buffalo. The ice sheet of the biggest island in the world is melting, and the ice sheet that sits atop it is massive. The ice sheet is melting, of course. But just how much, compared to the past?3 ： What is the b

8、est title for the text?A. Rising Global Sea LevelsB. Climate Change is Speeding UpC. Greenland the Biggest Island is MeltingD. Net Carbon Zero 一 a Global Goal by 2100（湖北省枣阳市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期8月月考英语试题）1 had spent many hours in front of a computer and in libraries doing research for the Lincoln Bice

9、ntennial Speech Contest. After not placing in the first year of the contest, I really wanted to compete again. Lincoln had many failures, but he never allowed them to defeat his spirit or ambition, so I was not going to give up on a second contest! I reworked my speech for the following year, but ag

10、ain I did not place.I couldn t accept the fact that I failed twice in something that I had worked so hard on, until I thought about my hero. Never mind the lost prize money and praise一through learning stories about Lincoln, I discovered that I can fail successfully.4： Which of the following can be t

11、he best title for the text?A. A memorable hero in my lifeB. Never mind others judgmentsC. Losing is an indescribable feelingD. Stand up from where we tripped over（云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考卷二）It was just after 5 pm. I was holding a cup of tea at Sainsbury? s, the second largest chain of s

12、upermarkets in the U. K. We were around a dozen customers in the supermarket s cafe, and most of us were on our own. Despite placing the special sign uReserved for customers in the mood for a chat“ in an obvious position, I got no takers.Government announcers tell us that Britons of all ages are suf

13、fering loneliness. About 200, 000 senior citizens have not spoken to a friend or relative for over a month. Family doctors suspect that some of their patients are making appointments because they are lonely. The receptionists also agree that the front desk is a magnet for the isolated to come and ex

14、perience a bit of human contact. And the young, even with their busy lives on social media, are also affected. New research from Sainsbury? s Living Well Index reveals that almost two thirds of the people aged between 18 and 24 have admitted to sometimes feeling lonely.To ease the problem of lonelin

15、ess, Sainsbury s has launched u Talking Tables, “ which are reserved spaces where people can have a chat. They appear in a variety of formats. A sign-posted table located in cafes in-store is one of them. The concept has been developed in close association with Chatty Cafe. Alexandra Hoskyn was insp

16、ired to start a network of Chatty Cafes in the U. K. in 2017 after finding herself socially isolated as a new mother at home with young children.5 ： What is the passage mainly about?A. The largest supermarket chain in the UK Sainsbury s.B. The supermarketr s cafes helping ease loneliness.C. The late

17、st study on loneliness of senior citizens.D. The approaches to getting rid of loneliness.（江苏省扬州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期9月双周练）A study of violinists found that merely good players practised as much as better players, leaving other factors such as quality of education, learning skills and perhaps natural tal

18、ent to account for the difference.This finding challenges the 10, 000-hour rule promoted in Malcolm Gladwell? s 1993 study of violinists and pianists. Gladwell states that enough practice will make an expert of anyone. The idea has been popular and entrenched in our culture for years. It s not an id

19、iom but an overstatement,n said Brooke Macnamara, the lead author. When it comes to human skill, a complex combination of environmental factors and genetic factors explains the performance differences across people.v 6： What is the best title for the text?A. What makes an expert?B. Does practice mak

20、e perfect?C. The early bird catches the wormD. Enthusiasm is the key to success（辽宁省六校 2022-2023 学年高三上学期期初考）Chip caters drop off their empty bags from Doritos, Lay s, and other favorites at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect the

21、m. After they sanitize （消毒）the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use padding and liners from old coats to line the insides.7.What is the main idea of paragraph 2?A. How they make the sleeping bags.B. Why they sanitize the chip bags.C. Whe

22、re they collect the chip bags.D. What they use to line the insides.省市联考题（2022 贵州贵阳 一模）According to reports, local residents in Hunchun have come across wild Amur tigers more than 30 times since the beginning of 2021. A large area in Hunchun is part of Northeast China s Tiger and Leopard National Par

23、k, which is one of the country s first five national parks. The parks will be partly open to the public and serve as u classrooms “ for nature conservation education. The Amur tiger population in China saw a sharp decline in the 1990s. Thanks to preservation measures, the wild Amur tiger population

24、has been experiencing rapid growth.1. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. The local residents of Hunchun.B. The effect of protecting Amur tigers.C. The classrooms of leopard education.D. The construction of national parks.（2022 贵州黔东南州 一模）Their first cooperative work was the book Vordak

25、 the Incomprehensible. The two went on to write more books together and have received many awards for their work. For Sci-Fi Junior High, they started with a very general idea, and then focused on the characters to tell the story.Seegert and Martin work really well together. They even work in the sa

26、me art studio in Farmington, Michigan. They work in separate rooms but have an in-between door so they can consult each other in person. “Many times nowadays, you might see an author and . illustrator working together, but they have never even met,“ Seegert said. We work diffeently from most childre

27、ns book authors and illustrators. 2： What may be the best title for the text?A. Two Writers Working DifferentlyB. Two Partners Marching TogetherC. John Martin,a Famous illustratoD. Sci-Fi Junior High,a Wonderful Book（2022 广西南宁一模）Dr. Stachewicz and Mr. Ura proposed to use a technique called electrosp

28、inning and they kept experimenting, which resulted in meshes able to collect 50% more water than commercial versions, at no extra cost of production. They expect soon to have a practical version which can be made available for sale. And that will certainly improve the lives of people who rely for th

29、eir survival on drawing water not from a well, but from thin air.3： Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Public Interest in Fog TrapsB. Technology Demanded of Fog TrapsC. Old Fog Traps Upgraded for More WaterD. Technology Simplified for Water（2022 十、广东茂名模）Whenever I go back h

30、ome to Georgia, I volunteer with children at my church, including those who have learning disabilities. I like to do that to inspire them with confidence. I had confidence issues when I was a kid because of my stutter, so 1 just dont want them to have to go through what I did. In the future, I would

31、 like to start a foundation to give back to people who stutter and create a program where kids all across the world who have a stutter can have a safe space.4： Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. An Unconfident ChildB. An Introverted VolunteerC. An Admirable CoachD. An Inspi

32、ring Footballer（2022 广东梅州 模 ）Its practically a scene on American television. A baby is born. Friends and family offer their congratulations. But then, in the car from the hospital, a deep worry falls over the parents. How in the world are we going to pay for college?”It s true that going to universi

33、ty abroad is a very expensive option. Tuition is much higher than at Chinese universities, and then there are the expenses for room and board.5 ： What is the best title of the text?A. School system in western countries.B. College tuition cost at home and abroad.C. How to pay for the foreign college

34、education?D. How to apply for financial aid for local students?（江苏连云港市 2022 届高三第二次调研考试）Could a daily walk be even better for our health than we thought? Several new studies show that walking not only burns fat, but also boosts longevity （长寿）and has a dramatic anti-ageing effect on the body.In the la

35、test of these findings, due to be published in the journal Communications Biology in the next few weeks, Thomas Yates, a professor at the University of Leicester, showed that walkers who adopt a quick pace can have a biological age 15 years younger than those who take their time. Yates and his team

36、looked at the length of telomeres （端粒）of chromosomes（染色体）in 405,981 middle-aged adults in the UK. As we grow older, our telomeres shorten, which results in accelerated cell ageing. If we can keep them long for as long as possible, it acts as a buffer against ageing, “ says Yates.6： What is the best

37、title for the text?A. How daily walking helps burn fatB. Why walking is the best midlife exerciseC. How many daily steps are better for adultsD. Whether walking reduces the risk of dementia（2022 山东省枣庄市高考二模）Futurologists attempt to make predictions of what life will be like in the future. After the f

38、irst man landed on the moon, they thought that hotels would be built on the moon by the year 2000. They also considered the possibility that, in the 21st century, families might go for a holiday on the moon. Neither of these predictions have come true yet-but the rapid development of technology may

39、mean these predictions are possible in the years to come.7 ： What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The future life on the moon.B. Landing on the moon in 1969.C. Predictions about trips to the moon.D. The history of the moon exploration.（湖南省雅礼十六校2022届高三第二次联考）A 27-year-old inventor, Joco Paulo Lammoglia

40、, has come up with a new device named the AIRE mask, which is capable of converting the wind energy provided by the wearers breath into electrical energy. This means breathing has become a source of renewable energy. The inspiration for the invention came from his watching children blowing on pinwhe

41、els（玩具风车）.The device is worn like a mask equipped with tiny wind turbines（涡轮机）and it can work its magic even while people are sleeping, jogging or hanging around, since energy is created from ones breath. The principle of this AIRE mask is simple. The invention uses the wind flow created by breathin

42、g and changes it into energy that can charge mobile phones and iPods. Simply put this mask connected to your mobile phone on your face. The rest takes place naturally through your breath that provides power to run turbines which produce electricity.8： Which of the following is the best title for the

43、 passage?A. An electronic maskB. A breath-powered deviceC. A new renewable energy sourceD. An air-purifying device篇章训练题Passage ALisa Gautier receives nearly a dozen parcels of human hair every day. With her San-Francisco-based non-profit organization Matter of Trust,Gautier turns donated hair into m

44、ats used to soak up oil spills on land,and booms （long tubes）used for spills at sea.A standard way to clean up oil from land is to use mats made from polypropylene（聚丙烯）.But polypropylene is a non-biodegradable plastic,and producing it ultimately means more drilling for oil. Hair,by contrast, is an e

45、nvironmentally friendly resource that can soak up around five times its weight in oil,according to Matter of Trust,and it is abundant.Oil spills can pollute drinking water, endanger public health,harm plants and wildlife,and damage the economy. According to Gautier,the spills that hit the headlines

46、only make up 5% of global oil pollution.Megan Murray,an environmental biologist at the University of Technology Sydney, develops sustainable technologies to tackle oil spills. Her research indicates that as well as being biodegradable,human hair is often just as effective as polypropylene,and in som

47、e circumstances even better. The hair mats are very beneficial to land spills Jsays Murray but adds that when raw oil is spilled on beach sand,it is very difficult to absorb it using any of the materials she has tested. Another advantage of hair is that it costs less than conventional materials and

48、is globally accessible as a recycled material J she says.However,Murray cautions that hair mats are not a perfect solution,because they are single-use,and can only be dealt with by burning or by burying into soil which then isnt suitable fbr growing food. She is now researching methods to extract the oil from a used hair mat,meaning both can be reused.As the hair mat designs arent under patent,other groups have begun producing their own mats and booms. Gautier is pleased to see the movement growing.Anyone can make a hair matjshe says. It creates green jobs, it cleans waterjt red