2022届广东省广州市高三上学期12月阶段训练英语试卷(解析版).docx
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1、广东省广州市2022届高三上学期12月阶段训练英语试卷一、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2. 5分,满分37. 5分) 阅读理解SmokejumpersEvery year, wildfires destroy millions of hectares of forest. Homes are damaged, and thousands of people die. Smokejumpers are helping to stop this.What is a smokejumper?Smokejumpers are a special type of firefighter. They ju
2、mp from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot, like the middle of a mountain forest. They race to put out fires as fast as they can.What do smokejumpers do?At a fire site, smokejumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop a fir
3、e from spreading. Using basic equipment such as shovels and axes, smokejumpers clear land of burnable material like plants and other dry material. They carry water with them too, but only a limited amount.Who can be a smokejumper?Although the majority of smokejumpers are men, more women are joining.
4、 Most important are your height and weight. Smokejumpers employed in the U. S., for example, must be 120 to 200 pounds(54 to 91 kilograms), so they don*t get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds. Smokejumpers must also be capable of surviving in the wildness.The work is dangerous, and t
5、he hours are long. But for these firefighters, smoke jumping isnt just an occupation. They love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 28-year-old smokejumper Bob Smith says, This is the best job for tough guys.”What is the first thing a smokejumper does after arri
6、ving at a fire site?A.Clear the land.B.Study the area.C.Look for water.D.Put out the fire.1. If you want to be a smokejumper, you must be.A.maleB.within a certain weightrangeC.able to fly a planeD.older than 28 years of ageFrom which website would you most probably find this text?答案解析部分【答案】1. BB2. A
7、【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了 Smokejumpers (空降灭火消防员)的工作以及成为空降 灭火消防员的条件。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉 细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。1 .考查细节理解。根据 What do smokejumpers do?部分中的“At a fire site, smokejumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire.”在着火地点,空降灭火消防员首先查看地形,然后决定怎样灭 火。可知,空降灭火消
8、防员在到达着火地点后,首先要做的是分析研究地形。故选B。2 .考查细节理解。根据 Who can be a smokejumper?部分中的“Most important are your height and weight. Smokejumpers employed in the U. S., for example, must be 120 to 200 pounds(54 to 91 kilograms), so they dont get hurt when they land”重要的因素是你的身高和体重。在美国被雇佣的空降灭火消防员必须在 120200磅,即:591公斤,以便于你不
9、被强风刮走,或者着陆后受伤。可知,要成为空降灭火 消防员,身高和体重必须达到一定的范围。故选B。3 .考查推理判断。根据第一段中“Smokejumpers are helping to stop this.”阻止火灾发生的是空降灭火消 防员可知,本文在讲空降灭火消防员的职业,因此要在职业种类的网站上去浏览。故选A。【答案】4. CA5. DC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,本文介绍了挪威的冰音乐节以及发展的历史。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和写作意图三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考 生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选 出
10、正确答案。4 .考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This cool idea began in 1999, when musician Teije Isungset played music inside a frozen waterfall. The amazing sounds that he heard led him to start using ice as a musical instrument. ”这个很酷的想法始于1999年,当时音乐家Terje Isungset在冰冻的瀑布中演奏音乐。他 听到的惊人声音使他开始使用冰作为乐器。故选C。5 .考查细节理解。根据第二段中的To p
11、repare the frozen instruments, Isungset hunts for the best natural sources of ice. He tests each source of ice by cutting out a piece, tapping it with his finger, and listening to the sound it produces. Experience tells him whether the ice will make a good instrument.“为 了 准备冷冻仪 器,伊松塞特寻找最好的天然冰源。他通过切下
12、一块来测试每个冰源,用手指敲击它,然后听它发出 的声音。经验告诉他,冰是否能成为好乐器。故选A。6 .考查推理判断。根据第三段中的Each year, the goal of the festival is to challenge musicians to make creative music when playing these one-of-a-kind ice instruments.”每年,音乐节的目标都是挑战音乐家在 演奏这些独一无二的冰乐器时制作创意音乐。故选D。7 .考查写作意图。纵观全文可知,本文介绍了一种新的和原创的音乐类型冰音乐,故选C。【答案】8. CB9. DD【解
13、析】【分析 1本文是一篇说明文,介绍了多年争论后灰狼被重新引进到黄石国家公园,这样做保持 了当地的生态平衡。也为生物学家以后在其他地方重新引进狼群提供了借鉴。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,要求考 生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选 出正确答案。8 .考查段落大意o 根据第二段Gray wolves once roamed throughout the Yellowstone area. But they were gradually displaced by human developme
14、nt and hunted by farmers for killing livestock(牲畜).By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They moved farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there was less contact with humans.”灰狼曾经在整个黄石地区漫游。但他们逐渐被人类 发展所取代,被农民猎杀牲畜。到1920年代,狼实际上已经从黄石地区消失了。他们向北移动到加 拿大的深
15、处,那里与人类的接触较少。可知第二段介绍了灰狼是如何被迫离开它们的家园黄石地区的。故选Co.考查推理判断。根据第三段The disappearance of the wolves had many consequences. Deer populations a major food source for the wolf grew rapidly without their usual enemy. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation, which reduced plant diversity in the park. In
16、 the absence of wolves, coyote(小里于 狼)populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red fbxes.“狼的消失带 来了许多后果。鹿种群狼的主要食物来源在没有通常的敌人的情况下迅速增长。这些动物消 耗了大量的植被,从而降低了公园内的植物多样性。在没有狼的情况下,小野狼的数量也迅速增长。 小野狼杀死了公园里大部分的赤狐。可知第三段解释了造成结果的原因,故选B。9 .考查细节理解。根据第四段中的As early as 1966, biologi
17、sts asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone, hoping that they would be able to control the deer and coyote problems.”早在1966年,生物学家就要求政府考虑将狼重新引入黄石公园,希望它们能够控制鹿和 小野狼的问题。故选D。10 .考查推理判断,根据最后一段中的The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists de
18、cide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.”黄石彳良项 目 直 是一项有价值的实验,可帮助生物学家决定是否将狼也重新引入该国其他地区。可推知黄石的狼计划 使狼群和公园受益。故选D。【答案】12. AB13. AD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,研究表明婴儿似乎知道如何帮助有需要的人。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考 生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选 出正确答案。12 .考查词义猜
19、测。根据第一段“Babies appear to know how to help those in need, according to researchers who studied signs of altruism in almost 100 children.”据研究了近100名儿童利他主义迹象的研究人员 称,婴儿似乎知道如何帮助有需要的人;以及“Researchers who wanted to see whether children would give up their food to a stranger without encouragement found the ki
20、ds did just that - even when they were hungry.想看看孩子们是否会在没有鼓励的情况下将食物交给陌生人的研究人员发现,孩子们就是这 样做的即使他们饿了。可推知altruism是“利他/无私)的行为”,故选A。13 .考查推理判断。根据第三段中的In contrast, researchers in the test group pretended to drop the fruit on the plate, then tried and failed to reach it. This signaled to the child that the a
21、dult wanted the fbod.相比之下, 测试组的研究人员假装将水果掉在盘子上,然后尝试并没有拿到。这向孩子发出了成年人想要食物的 信号; 以及第四段“Among the control group, only 4 percent of the children gave the piece of fruit to the researchers, compared with 58 percent, or over half, in the test group.”在对照组中,只有 4% 的孩子将水 果给了研究人员,而在测试组中,这一比例为58%,或超过一半。可推知他们能理解求助信
22、号。故选Bo14 .考查推理判断。根据第四段Among the control group, only 4 percent of the children gave the piece of fruit to the researchers, compared with 58 percent, or over half, in the test group.”在对照组中,只有 4% 的 孩子将水果给了研究人员,而在测试组中,这一比例为58%,或超过一半;以及第五段“Next, the team explored if children would still be generous when
23、it was at a cost to themselves. The first set of experiments was repeated with a separate group of kids before their lunchtime, when they were likely to be hungry.Similarly, 37 percent of the test group handed over their fruit, compared with none in the control group.“接 卜 来,该团队探索了孩子们在付出代价时是否仍然会慷慨。第一
24、组实验在午餐时间之前对另一组孩子重 复,当时他们可能饿了。同样,37%的测试组交出了他们的水果,而对照组则没有。可知选A。15 .考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“These social experiences that shape attitudes towards sharing appear to have an effect very early in life.”这些社会塑造分享态度的经历似乎在生命的早期就产生了影响。故选 Do【答案】16. B; 17. E; 18. F; 19. D; 20. G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了久坐对健康的影响,建议人们走动起来。【点评】
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