2022-2023学年上学期北京海淀区期中考试英语阅读D篇解析 讲义--高考英语复习备考.docx

《2022-2023学年上学期北京海淀区期中考试英语阅读D篇解析 讲义--高考英语复习备考.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022-2023学年上学期北京海淀区期中考试英语阅读D篇解析 讲义--高考英语复习备考.docx（5页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2022-2023学年上学期北京海淀区期中考试英语阅读D篇解析讲义（原文）Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attraction for people happens simply by

2、chance.humans之于the smells of the natural world, 长久以来, 前者从后者获 取快乐（pleasure）。此处咱们可以借助王安石的“遥知不是雪，为有暗香来 展开想象。Plants之于fragrances,后者是前者和昆虫与其他动物互动的方式。咱 们可以通过杜甫的“留连戏蝶时时舞和韦庄的“戏蝶游蜂花烂馒加以想象。 尽管人类从自然世界的味道中获得愉悦，human beings are not their target market,但人类不是它们的目标所在。Their attraction for people happens simply by cha

3、nce,香味对人的吸引只是偶然发生。由此可知本文分为两部分：plants之于fragrances； humans之于the smells of the natural world o接下来，作者又如何展开每一部分？又如何把二部分有机结合在一起？（原文）In chemical terms, most natural fragrances are made up of volatiles-so called because of their tendency to change states suddenly. Volatiles evaporate easily, drifting into n

4、oses. In plants1 reproductive processes, smelly volatiles attract pollinators （授粉昆虫）.But their natural applications are much more varied. If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even craftier: upon sensing

5、 the smell of hungry caterpillars, they produce volatiles that attract predators to kill the pests.In chemical terms, most natural fragrances are made up of volatiles,用化学术语，定义天然香料，也即，大部分香料是由挥发物质构成。But their natural applications are much more varied, 承前启后。natural applications of most natural fragranc

6、es 在于：attract pollinators （吸弓|授粉昆 虫）；out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap the insect （向外射出粘稠难闻 的液体用于捕捉昆虫）;produce volatiles that attract predators to kill the pests （产生挥发物以吸引捕食者来杀死害虫）。（原文）What is truly amazing is just how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction. White flowers

7、 often emit their scent at night to attract nocturnal pollinators such as moths. They produce a dilute nectar （稀释的花蜜） that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than linger at a single bloom-all the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully polli

8、nated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere.What is truly amazing is just how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction,植物运用气味便于繁殖的足智多谋令人吃惊。通过该段剩 余内容可知，该句统领全段，且和第一自然段为并列平行关系。言及 how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction,作者通 过white flowers和other flowers的例子加以详述。就

9、white flowers 而言，they emit their scent at night to attract nocturnal pollinators such as moths,夜间释放香味以吸引蛾子等夜行授粉者。这还算 不上 wily or crafty,让人惊叹不已的则是 produce a dilute nectar that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than linger at a single bloom-all the better to increase pollination,白花产生一种稀释的花蜜使得蛾子保持

10、来回移 动，而非逗留在一朵花上，此举在于尽可能增加花粉传授。other flowers 与此同理。（原文）But though “Scent” is a story of plants1 cleverness, it is also a tale of the human kind. People have long used fragrances for their own purposes, particularly for use in religious ceremonies: perfume recipes on the walls of an Egyptian temple in

11、Edfu demonstrate just how long ingredients have been mixed in pursuit of the best blend. So highly prized were some scents that, to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a legend about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon （肉桂）.But though “Scent is a story of plants cleverness, it is also a tale o

12、f the human kind为全文转折点，巧妙地过渡到人类智慧运用香味。也有机地把 scent之于plants1 cleverness和human kind结合在一起。注意此句中的story 和tale经典表述。首先看看古人之于香味的智慧和故事。方面，fragrances particularly for use in religious ceremonies, 也艮口专门 运用于宗教仪式中 香味。perfume recipes on the walls of an Egyptian temple in Edfu demonstrate just how long ingredients

13、have been mixed in pursuit of the best blend,埃及Edfu 一座庙宇墙上的香水配方展示出，在追求最佳融合中， 香水中各种配料混合所需时间长短。再有，Arab traders spread a legend about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon,因为一些香味的价值如此之高，为了吓退竞争对手，阿拉伯的贸 易商（杜撰并）传播巨鹰守护肉桂的传说。此例让笔者想到各种神话故事， 哪种宝物的获得不是（故事中的）主角历经万阻千难。（原文）Eventually scientists no longer needed natu

14、ral sources for fragrances. In 1866 a fragrance molecule was produced for the first time. Sixteen years later, Hooligan Parfum released Fougere Royale, the first “modern fantasy perfume that creates an imaginary scent rather than copying a natural one. Nowadays fragrance-making is dominated by man-m

15、ade compounds, which can be reliably and affordably produced in large quantities.如果说上一自然段中的scent来源于自然，那么该段中的scent or fragrance则no longer needed natural sources,也即科学家们不再需要自然 资源而获取香水或香气。该段主讲人工合成香水的前世今生。In 1866 a fragrance molecule was produced for the first time, 1866 年香 味分子首次被生产 出来；Sixteen years late

16、r, Houbigant Parfum released Fougere Royale, the first modern fantasy perfume that creates an imaginary scent rather than copying a natural one, 十六年之后，第一款能够产生想象 力而非拷贝自然的现代想象香水发布。再来看看 fragrance-making 的当前现状。fragrance-making is dominated by man-made compounds, which can be reliably and affordably prod

17、uced in large quantities,香味制作主要是大批量生产的可靠且廉价的人工合成物。（原文）That has led to the mass production of smelly products, from toilet paper to toothpaste. Scent is accordingly big business. It is said that a world-famous fragrance and flavor manufacturer that claims people interact with its products up to 30 ti

18、mes a day, had sales of 3.8bn last year.该段仍基于上一自然段并延伸。科学上的很多发明大都走向市场，并进 一步走进人们的日常生活。That has led to the mass production of smelly products, from toilet paper to toothpaste, 也即 fragrance-making is dominated by man-made compounds 导致香味产品如厕纸到牙膏等大批量生产。Scent is accordingly big business, 因此，香味也就成了一门大生意。a w

19、orld-famous fragrance and flavor manufacturer that claims people interact with its products up to 30 times a day, had sales of 3.8bn last year,作 为例证， 支撑 That has led to the mass production of smelly products 和 Scent is accordingly big businesso答案解析：31. According to Paragraph 1 and 2, which would the

20、 author agree with?A. Some plants might kill the pests with their smells.B. Fragrance is a tool for plants to protect themselves.C. People interact with nature easily through fragrance.D. Fragrances are less important to humans than to animals and insects.解析：该题答案选B,判断信息为第二自然段。首先排除C和D,非为一二 自然段所表述内容。A

21、答案的错误可回查笔者分析。32. What does the underlined word prized in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?A. Developed.B. Rewarded.C. Mixed.D. Valued.解析：该题答案选D。带入还原即可。33. What can we learn from the passage?A. Humans do not use fragrances as purposefully as plants do.B. Natural sources for fragrances will be out of da

22、te in the future.C. Plants use fragrances to both attract and send away pollinators.D. Man-made fragrances have to be produced by copying natural ones.解析：该题答案选C。属于细节题，答案信息源于第三自然段。D答案可以*艮据 Eventually scientists no longer needed natural sources for fragrances 加以 排除。A在原文中未做表述。B本身为错误信息。34.Which of the f

23、ollowing would be the best title for the passage?A. Plants Smell, Insects PreySmartness behind FragranceB. Fragrance: To Make or Not to MakeFragrance Connects Human & Nature解析:根据第四自然段的第一句，也即But though Scent is a story of plants cleverness, it is also a tale of the human kind,可知本文涉及两大主题：how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction, 也即植物使用 scents 的智慧；人类使用和制作scents或fragrance的智慧。故答案选B。