2022届普通高校招生统一考试（湖南四大名校猜题卷A）英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、2022年普通高校招生统一考试湖南四大名校名师团队猜题卷（A）英语【原创】第一局部听力（共两节，总分值30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音局部结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷 上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每题L5分，总分值7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B.9.18. C. 9.15.答案是C。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the

2、man want to drink?A. Tea.B. Water.C. Coffee.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Would you prefer tea or coffee?M: I think a glass of cold water would be best. There is nothing like it when the weather is so hot.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why is the woman talking to the man?A. To ask for directions.B. To know the current time

3、.C. To make friends with him.【答案】A【解析】【原文】 W: Excuse me, Fm looking fbr the Science Museum. Tm due to meet a friend there. Do you know where it is?M: Yes, go down this street and then turn right at the end. You cant miss it.W: Thanks. Tm late. I was supposed to be there at 10:00 a. m.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去

4、附件查看】What will the man do on Sunday night? 一个大舞台，任何东西都有可能从天空经过（可以看到形形色色的事，只要抬头看即可）。 所以，arena的意思应该是“大舞台，和A选项意思一致。应选A。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段 “As human beings retreat （退回）into their homes with the covid-19 expanding across the world, nature seems to be taking back urban areas.（随着 2021 冠状病毒疾 病在世界各地扩张，人类逐渐回到

5、自己的家园，大自然似乎正在夺回城市地区。）、第二段 u According to The Straits Times, many wild animals have recently skipped onto empty streets in many cities.（根据?海峡时报?上说，许多城市的野生动物最近在空荡荡的街道上跳来跳去。） 和第四段 u However, the recent lockdown of cities during the pandemic gives a chance of freeing space fbr other animals and reflecti

6、ng on humans9 relationship with nature.，z （然而，最近疫情期 间对城市的封锁为其他动物腾出了空间，并反思了人类与自然的关系。）可知，这篇文章以 野生动物进入城市为线索，谈及进入到哪些地方，之前为什么被赶出城市，现在形势的变化 等方面探讨人类与大自然之间应该保持和谐的关系。应选C。【原创】CIn 2000, famed evolutionary theorist Stephen Jay Gould said, “Theres been no biological change in humans in 40,000 or 50,000 years. We

7、ve built everything we call culture and civilization with the same body and brain. Now, 22 years later, most evolutionary biologists beg to differ. Natural selection is still operating on humans, they say 一 and they have evidence to back up the claim.Sarah Tishkoff, an evolutionary biologist at the

8、University of Pennsylvania, cites an example of natural selection still going on today. Some people have a genetic variant that protects them from malaria （疟疾）， which infects and kills millions of people every day. These people will be more likely to live and pass on that variant to their children.S

9、cientists have been able to discover many examples of ongoing natural selection thanks to a technology: the ability to sequence （双！定序歹（J） the human genome quickly and inexpensively. But not all the tools that uncover such evidence are so high tech. Church records that list births, marriages, and dea

10、ths offer a unique window into evolution on a population.Scott Solomon, an evolutionary biologist at Rice University, dug into this type of data and found that natural selection favors an earlier start to reproduction - in other words, more time to have children. The more children, the more chances

11、are for evolution.Theres another important actor in this evolutionary play: culture. When people move from one population to another, they take their genes with them, and that changes the genes in both the populations they leave and the ones they join. That is actually one of the most important syst

12、ems for modern human evolution/ Scott says. In the last couple of hundred years, and certainly in the last century, human populations have been mixing like never before.28. Why does the author mention genetic variant in the 2nd paragraph?A. To explain a biological phenomenon.B. To prove an evolution

13、ary theory.C. To stress the seriousness of malaria.D. To highlight efforts by scientists.29. What may contribute to the discovery of ongoing natural selection?A. Rapid genetic changes.B. Increasing research budget.C. Birth records from the government.D. Advancement in technology.30. What can we infe

14、r from Scott Solomons study?A Church records show a trend of early reproduction.B. Population movement has reached the peak.C. More children will benefit the whole society.D. Culture influences evolution greater than technology.31. What is the purpose of this text?A. To present a new point of view.B

15、. To argue against natural selection.C. To defend Stephen Jay Gould.D. To explore a new method.【答案】28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了相关人士对于Stephen Jay 人类在4万年或5万 年内没有任何生物变化。我们用同样的身体和大脑构建了一切，即所谓的文化和文明的。 这一言论持不同的看法。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段 “Sarah Tishkoff, an evolutionary biologist at the Universi

16、ty of Pennsylvania, cites an example of natural selection still going on today.，z 宾夕法尼亚大学进化 生物学家SarahTishkoff列举了一个自然选择的例子，这个例子至今仍在进行。）可知，这个 例证是为了说明自然选择在今天仍然在发生着。所以作者提到这个基因变异的例子是为了佐 证这种新的进化理论。应选B项。【29题详解】细节理解题 o 根据第三段“Scientists have been able to discover many examples of ongoing natural selection th

17、anks to a technology/（多亏了一项技术，科学家们已经能够发现许多正在进行的 自然选择的例子。）可知，发现正在进行的自然选择主要得益于科技的进步。应选D项。 【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段 “In the last couple of hundred years, and certainly in the last century, human populations have been mixing like never before/,在过去的几百年里，当然是在上个 世纪，人口前所未有地融合在一起。）可知，在过去的一个世纪，人类社会人口迁移前所未 有。应选B项。31

18、题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Now, 22 years later, most evolutionary biologists beg to differ. Natural selection is still operating on humans, they say - and they have evidence to back up the claim. 22年后的今天，大多数进化生物学家不敢苟同。他们说，自然选择仍在人类身上起作用， 他们有证据支持这一说法。）可知，进化生物学家提出了一种新观点，在近现代时期，自然 选择仍在发生。应选A项。【原创】DThere are tradit

19、ionally two ways to make a leather jacket. One involves a cow, and takes years. The other involves man-made material and requires plastic. But theres a third option: fungus （真 菌）.Over the last decade, companies like Bolt Threads have begun manufacturing （制造）and selling fungal leather as an environme

20、ntally sustainable replacement for both cow skin and plastic. Previously, there wasnt much research to support their claims. But a study published by Dr. Alexander Bismarck, a materials scientist at the University of Vienna, and his colleagues last week in Nature Sustainability finds that fungal lea

21、ther works quite well when it comes to usefulness and sustainability.Wearing fungal leather doesnt mean wearing a motorcycle jacket made from mushrooms. Instead ifs made from a mat of mycelium, the threadlike root networks from which fruiting bodies spring up after rain. These mycelial mats grow eas

22、ily on just about any organic material. Dr. Bismarck said the potential for custom materials is huge.Fungal leather is potentially more sustainable than other leather sources. The tanning process （making animal skin into leather by treating it with chemicals ） is energy-consuming and produces quite

23、a bit of waste and the production of man-made leather requires plastic, which involves oil. “Youre getting a biological organism to do all of your manufacturing fbr you, so theres no real energy requirement, said Mitchell Jones, lead author from the Vienna University of Technology. “ Once youve got

24、this material, you can process it according to quite simple chemical treatments compared to what you normally do for leather tanning.The fungal leather industry is still in its early stages, and is largely producing proofs of concept for the luxury market: prototypes （样品）of Bolt Threads fungal leath

25、er handbag sold fbr about $400. But Dr. Jones believes that the costs are likely to drop as the industry grows, saying “ The technology to mass-produce mushrooms is already there.”What may be the main purpose of the new research?A. To predict the future of the fungal leather industry.B. To compare s

26、ome different ways to make leather.C. To test a group of sustainable leather sources.D. To evaluate the performance of fungal leather.32. Which of the following are used to produce fungal leather?A. Mycelial mats.B. Fruiting bodies.C. Mushrooms caps.D. Mushrooms9 stems.33. What is an advantage of fu

27、ngal leather over traditional leather?A. It seldom needs leather tanning.B. It involves cheaper chemicals.C. It needs less processing time.D. It saves a lot of energy.34. What does Dr. Jones think of Bolt Threads9 fungal leather handbags?A. They will flood the luxury market.B. Their prices can be lo

28、wered easily.C. They may threaten the mushroom industry.D. Their popularity in the future is skeptical.【答案】32.D33. A 34. D 35. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。奥地利科学家研究发现，用真菌制成的皮革在实用性和可持续 性方面表现得非常好。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段 “Previously, there wasnt much research to support their claims. But a study published by Dr. Alexa

29、nder Bismarck, a materials scientist at the University of Vienna, and his colleagues last week in Nature Sustainability finds that fungal leather works quite well when it comes to usefulness and sustainability/7 （在此之前，并没有太多的研究来支持他们的说法。但 是维也纳大学的材料科学家Alexander Bismarck博士和他的同事上周在？自然可持续性？杂志 上发表的一项研究发现，真

30、菌皮革在实用性和可持续性方面表现得非常好。）可知，这项研 究的主要目的应该是评估真菌皮革的性能。应选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段 u Instead IVs made from a mat of mycelium, the threadlike root networks from which fruiting bodies spring up after rain（相反,它是由菌丝制成的,菌丝是一种线状 的根系网络，雨后子实体就是从这些根系网络中长出来的）可知，菌丝用于生产真菌皮革。 应选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“so theres no real energy

31、requirement（所以没有真正的能量需求） 可知，真菌皮革的优点之一是制作过程中节省能量。应选D。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “But Dr. Jones believes that the costs are likely to drop as the industry grows（但琼斯博士认为，随着工业的开展，本钱可能会下降）可知，Dr. Jones认为，因为 现在大规模栽培菌类的技术比拟成熟，所以真菌皮革的本钱很有可能降下来，这样真菌皮革 的价格也会随之下降。应选B。【原创】第二节（共5小题；每题2.5分，总分值12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空

32、白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We are so focused on building relationships with others that we often forget the essential first step: being friends of ourselves. 36. How can we have good relationships with others ifwe dont even have good relationship with ourselves?The problem might be worse than we expect. 3

33、7 Here is a simple checklist; is there anything you dont like about yourself from the list?Your pastMaybe you have made mistakes in the past which you feel bad about. You might be disappointed with yourself on why you could make such mistakes. Even if that happened in distant past, your subconscious

34、 mind still has a reason not to like yourself.38You might wish that you were born in a different family. Maybe you could not accept the fact that you are not as lucky as others, who seem to get whatever they want effortlessly just because of their background.Your personality traitsYou might have som

35、e personality traits that you dont like. For example, you may be an intro vert （性格 内 |句 者）and you don9t like it; you wish you are an extrovert. 39, and no matterhow hard you have tried, it might seem impossible for you to match them. You might then think that its because you are not smart enough or

36、dont have enough talents. All these give reasons to you not to like yourself. That in turn makes it difficult for you to be a good friend to yourself.Fortunately, there are always things you can do to fix the situation. Forgive yourself, accept things you cant change, focus on your strengths and alw

37、ays be true to yourself! Even if I have lost every other friend on earth, I shall at least have one friend left. 40.A. It shall be down inside of meThat is the crucial first step if we are to have good relationships with othersB. Your backgroundMaybe we dont like ourselves without realizing itC. We

38、have to solve the problemBesides, other people might have better achievements than youD. You might have tried to make great achievements【答案】36.B37. D 38. C 39. F 40. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们应该成为自己的朋友，要看到自己不喜欢自 己的一些方面，并原谅自己，接受自己不能改变的事情，关注自己的优点，不拿自己和别人 比拟。【36题详解】根据上文 “We are so focused on building r

39、elationships with others that we often forget the essential first step: being friends of ourselves.（我们如此专注于与他人建立关系，以至于我们常 常忘记了重要的第一步：成为自己的朋友）可知，成为自己的朋友是重要的第一步。由此 可知，B项“如果我们要与他人保持良好关系，这是至关重要的第一步承接上文，符合题 意，选项中的That指代上文中的“成为自己的朋友。应选B。【37题详解】根据下文 u Here is a simple checklist; is there anything you dont

40、like about yourself from the list?（这里有一个简单的一览表；表中有什么你不喜欢自己的地方吗？）可知，一览表中指 出了自己不喜欢自己的地方。由此可知，D项“也许我们不喜欢自己却没有意识到引出下 文，符合题意。应选D。【38题详解】根据下文 “Maybe you could not accept the fact that you are not as lucky as others, who seem to get whatever they want effortlessly just because of their background.（也许你不能接受这

41、样一个 事实：你不像其他人那么幸运，因为他们的背景，似乎可以毫不费力地得到他们想要的任何 东西）可知，本段介绍不喜欢自己的背景这一方面。由此可知，C项“你的背景可以作 为本段主旨，符合题意。应选C。39题详解】根据下文 “and no matter how hard you have tried, it might seem impossible for you to match them.（不管你怎么努力，你似乎都不可能与他们匹敌）可知，你可能再怎么努力都不能与他 们匹敌。由此可知，F项“此外，其他人可能比你有更好的成就引出下文，符合题意。应 选Fo【40题详解】根据上文 u Forgive

42、 yourself, accept things you cant change, focus on your strengths and always be true to yourself! Even if I have lost every other friend on earth, I shall at least have one friend left.（原谅自己，接受你不能改变的事情，专注于自己的优势，永远忠于自己！即使我失去 了地球上所有其他的朋友，我至少还剩下一个朋友）可知，即使失去了所有其他的朋友， 也还会剩下自己这个朋友。由此可知，A项“它应该在我里面承接上文，符合题意

43、，选项 中的It指的是“我自己。应选A。第三局部语言运用（共两节，总分值30分）【原创】第一节（共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的:正确选项。“Mother Serious. Start Immediately/ said the express telegram, throwing our entire houseinto chaos. My mother began crying, while my father began 41 quickfire instructions to my two brothers an

44、d me to pack for the six-and-a-half-hour journey to our village in Rajoli.At 12, 11 and 9 years old, we boys were too 42 to sense the mood, and were excited at the 43 holiday. After a long bus ride, we had to cross a river. But the river was full and there were no boats to 44 us across.Clearly we we

45、re in a 45, unable to move forward or go back home. The only46 in the area was an old inspection bungalow. Its doors were locked. My brothers and I remained 47 our difficult situation - we played in the garden until hunger and tiredness overtook us.By dusk, our father was a 48 man, with no clue abou

46、t our next move. Suddenly, we49 a lone man walking towards us. He was the bungalow 50 As Father explained our 51 situation, he let us into the building and asked us if we had had anything to eat. The three of us shook our heads. He then 52 to the riverbank with a towel, where he caught a couple of f

47、ish using it as a net, made a fire and started cleaning and cooking the53It was a simple meal, but the watchmans 54 and selfless generosity made it a55. Ive never forgotten in the 50-odd years.41. A. reportingB. followingC. deliveringD. relaying42 A. sickB. sillyC. riskyD.young43. A. unexpectedB. in

48、differentC. ignoredD. spoiled44. A. pushB. putC. liftD. ferry45. A. dangerB. dilemmaC. battleD. circle46. A. placeB. chanceC. structureD.difference47. A. unaware ofB. interested inC. confused aboutD. excitedabout48. A. surprisedB. determinedC. calmD. worried49. A. recognisedB. spottedC. greetedD. stopped50. A. ownerB. visitorC. designerD.watchman51. A. doubtfulB. laughableC. unpleasantD. explored52. A. set offB. searched aroundC. hurried backD.gaveway53. A. vegetable