备战2023年高考英语一轮复习考点 25 祈使句、反义疑问句和 it的用法-特殊句型(重难考点解析版).docx
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1、考点25祈使句&反意置问句&省略句.特殊句型(重难考点精讲练)祈使句一、祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根 据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝 告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化, 也不能与情态动词连用。Keep off the grass!勿踩踏草地!Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。二、祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:1.
2、行为动词原形+其他成分。Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。2.Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。3.Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。经典好题1. (2022 全国乙卷短文改错)Thats our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!答案J hopes改为hope【解析】考查祈使句。句意:
3、希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考!分析句子结构可知,此处为祈使句, 所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。2.Always in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.A. to keepB. to have keptC. keepD. have kept【参考答案】c【答案解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子,而that引导的是宾语从句,因此只能是祈使句。故选C。 句意:永远记住,你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。【名师点睛】祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为
4、第二人称祈使句及第一、三人称祈使 句两大类。祈使句用于两个重要句型中:”祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件;”祈 使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句用来叙述否定的条件,or(else)表示“否则;句首以动词原形开头。从本 题的成分来判断,可以看出是考查祈使句。b.不定式作介词but(除了), except的宾语,前面有实义动词d。的某种形式时,不定式常省略t。I can do nothing but wait here.我除了在这里等无事可做。C.当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,后面的不定式符号to可省略,但表示对比关系时则不能省略。Im really puzzled wh
5、at to think of and express.我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.制订计划比执行计划容易。名师点睛省略句中to的遗漏【误】 She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not.【正】 She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not to.分析 动词不定式在 like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse,
6、 decide, mean, intend, try, promise等动词后作宾语时,为了避免重复,常常省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号t。d.在 see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to 等感官动词及使役动词 let, make, have 后 作宾语补足语的不定式不加to,但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时,不定式要加上to。She saw him walk into the house.她看到他走进了那座房子。He was seen to walk into the house,有人看到他走进了那座房子。H
7、e had two boys wash his car.他让两个男孩给他洗车。e. you*d better/why not后跟不带to的不定式。Why not try it again?为什么不再试试?注意:do what we can to do.全力以赴去做考向5:介词的省略(1) both后常跟of短语,其后可以接名词复数形式,也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时,介词Of可以省略,但接代词宾格时,Of不能省略。Both (of) the films were interesting.这两部电影都很有趣。She invited both of us to her birthday p
8、arty.她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。(2)在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中,一段时间前的介词for可以省略。(3)和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词consider. (as)., spend/waste.(in) doing 花费、浪费时间做某事;be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事; prevent/stop .(from) doing 阻止某人做某事;have a hard time (in) doing 做某事有困难;have trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难;There is no points/sense (in) doing 做
9、没有用;have fun (in) doing 做开心。(4) his, that, next, last后接时间名词时,前边省略介词。Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away.树能阻止泥土被冲走。I have difficulty (in) finding his house.例 1: She is occupied looking after her sick grandma.她忙于照料她生病的奶奶。例 2: The police have been trying to wevent them carrying weapons
10、.警方一直都设法阻止他们携带武器。经典好题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。1. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time(pass) the exam.2. According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week(watch) TV.3. You cant imagine what a hard time she had(raise) the four children.4. In fact, they are plannin
11、g to visit China in next year.【答案与解析】1. passingo have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难,介词in可以省略。故答案是passing。2. watchingo spend(in) doing花费时间做某事,介词in可以省略。故答案是watching。3. raisingo have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难,介词in可以省略。故答案是raising。4. 去掉第二个in。this, that, next, last后接时间名词时,前边省略介词。next year直接作时间状语。故答案 是去
12、掉第二个in。考向6:比较句中的省略以than/as引起的从句中,常会省略主语。因为主语省略了,所以尤其要注意识别哪个词是省略了的主语, 进而选择谓语的数、时态和语态。He is more of a writer than a historian.他是历史学家,但更可以说是位作家。He is more brilliant than ever before.他比以往更高明。考向7: Tm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句,后面跟so与not分别相当于肯定或否定, 宾语从句可省去。(1) Do you think it will sno
13、w?T hope not/that it will not snow.你认为会下雪吗?我希望不要下。(2) 一Do you believe Jim will come?一I think so.你相信Jim会来吗?我想会赢。模拟检取I .单句语法填空1 . (2021 黑龙江哈尔滨三中高三一模)A pitcher needs to throw the ball with one hand and (wear) a baseball glove on the other-something that Jim couldnt do.【答案】wear【解析】 考查动词不定式省略。句意:投手需要一只手投
14、球,另一只手戴棒球手套,这是吉姆做不到的。 此空和and前动词不定式to throw并列,应该用动词不定式,且并列的两个动词不定式,第二个动词不定 式中的to可省略。故填wear。2 . (2021安徽示范高中皖北协作区高三一模)But it is China has always held the most fascination forhim and last year he became the first filmmaker from outside China to(make)a film about the life and work ofpoet Du Fu.【答案】that【解
15、析】考查强调句型。句意:但对他来说,中国一直是最吸引他的地方。去年,他成为了第一个拍摄关于诗人杜甫生平和作品的电影的海外电影人。去掉it is和that后是一个完整的句子,所以此处为强调句。 故填thato3 .(2021 山西省阳泉市高三第三次教学质量检测(三模)Although(force) to walk away a little out of fear, the bird kept turning around to make sure that he was following.【答案】forced【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管由于害怕,这只鸟被迫走开了一点,但它还是不停地转过
16、身来,以确保自己跟上了。分析句子可知,空格处为非谓语,动词force和主语the bird之间是被动关系,故用其 过去分词,作状语;用于连词Although之后,相当于it was forced,(此处it was可省略)。故填forced。 4. (2021 山东济南市高三一模)There(be) four roles in facial makeup, sheng, dan Jing, and chou.【答案】are【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:脸谱里有四个角色,生、旦、净和丑。此处缺少谓语,讲的是事实,时态用一般现在时,主语four roles是复数,就近原则,谓语用复数形式。
17、故填are。5 .(2021 浙江省Z20联盟(名校新高考研究联盟)高三第三次联考)This provides a reminder that it is users9 attitudes shape their experiences on social media.【答案】that【解析】考查强调句型。句意:这提醒我们,是用户的态度塑造了他们在社交媒体上的体验。此句是强调句式:It is/was +强调部分+ that(指人也可用who) +其他。该句强调句子主语users attitudeso故填thato 6. (2021 山东省潍坊市四县市(安丘,诸城,五莲,兰山)高考模拟)In a
18、n afternoon of 1929, a farmer and his son in a village of Chinas Sichuan Province accidentally discovered a true wonder of civilization when(dig) a well.【答案】digging【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。句意:1929年的一个下午,在中国四川省的一个村庄,一个农民和他的 儿子在挖井时意外地发现了一个真正的文明奇迹。当时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且有be动词 时,可以省略从句的主语及be动词;此处表示过去正在发生的动作,要用过去进行时,即
19、when (the farmer and his son were) digging a wello 故填 diggingo7. (2021 上海市浦东新区高三下学期三模)Without a doubt, engaging in physical activity is one of the most important things,not the most important thing, that a person can do to enhance best functioning.【答案】if【解析】 考查连词。句意:毫无疑问,参加体育活动如果不是最重要的事情,也是最重要的事情之一,
20、 一个人可以参加体育活动来提高最佳功能。not the most important thing 是 is one of the most important things 的前提条件,所以应用if引导条件状语从句,此处省略it is, it代指engaging in physical activity o故填if。 8.(2021 安徽师范大学附属中学高三 5 月最后一卷)That is why the Japanese government is reportedly going to approve a strategy of discharging the water to the o
21、cean, as(recommend) by scientific advisers.【答案】recommended【解析】 考查省略句。句意:这就是为什么据报道,日本政府将按照科学顾问的建议,批准一项将水排 入海洋的战略。在as引导的状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致或从句主语是it且从句含有be时, 可省略从句的主语和be,从句完整形式为as it was recommended by scientific advisers.,相当于省略了 it waso 故填 recommendedo9. (2021 山东省实验中学高三5月第二次模拟考试)When(practise) it quiet
22、ly and slowly, you can sense the existing of air and gradually(gradual) in the near future this sport will become your new lifestyle.【答案】practising【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。句意:当静静地慢慢练习时,你可以感觉到空气的存在,在不久的将来, 这项运动将逐渐成为你的新生活方式。状语从句的省略:当状语从句主语与主句主语一致且状语从句中包 含助动词be时,可以省略状语从句中主语和助动词be。分析句子可知,本句中When引导的时间状语从 句中省略了主语和助
23、动词be,原句应为“When you are practising it quietly and slowly, 所以省略后只保 留 practising o 故填 practising 010. (2021湖南省衡阳市第八中学高三考前预测卷)If youre looking to maximize(maximize) the amount of fat burned in your next workout,(think) about having a coffee half an hour before you get started一as a new study suggests it
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