备战2023年高考高中英语语法专项突破训练专题13-定语从句.docx

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1、专题十三定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的重点。除了在语法填空中会考到，在书面表达中正确恰当地运用定语从句是 作文得高分的关键。另外，在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。定语从句可分为限定性定语从句 与非限定性定语从句。常见考点：1 .指物时只用that或which的情况2 .介词+关系代词3 . whose的用法及转换形式4 . as与which的区别5 .指人时that与who的区别6 .如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7 .定语从句的主谓一致问题一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰前面的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，在句中起定语(也就是形容词)的作用。 被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。引导定

2、语从句的词叫关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)或关系 副词(where, when, why)。如：The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行词关系代词二、关系代词和关系副词的用法关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句，代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。其用法 见下表：词例先行词充当成分例句关 系 代 词who人主语This is the doctor who saved my life.这就是那个救了我 生命的医生。whom人宾语She is the new student (whom) I wan

3、t to tell t。you.她就 是那个我想告诉你的新学生。that人、物主语、宾语Football is a game that is liked by many people.足球是 一项许多人都喜爱的项目。The man (that) yvu met just now is my friend.你刚刚碰 到的那个人是我的朋友。which物主语、宾语Please pass me the book which is lyin口 on the table. 请把 桌上的那本书递给我。The novel (which) Tom bought is very interesting.汤姆 买的

4、那本小说很有趣。as物主语、宾语The earth, as is known to all, is round.众所周知，地球是 圆的。whose=of whom/of which人、物定语The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr.Williams.他是威廉姆斯教授，他的女儿教你英语。关 系 副 词when=at/in/on /during which时间状语We will never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.我们永远不会忘记中

5、华人民共 和国成立的日子。where=at/in/to which地点状语This is the house where he lived.这是他住过的房子。why二for which原因状语I know the reason why she works so well.我知道她为何 工作出色的原因。三、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如 果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或 不明确从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省 去，主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标点符号从句与主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人

6、用 who/whom/that指人用who（作主语）/whom（作宾语）指物用 which/that指物用which指人和物用whose指人和物用whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省 略关系代词一般不可省略修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个词，也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句通常译成被修饰语的前置 定语（先翻译从句再翻译先行词）定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子四、关系代词的选用1.只能用that作关系代词的情况说明例句1当先行词是 all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one 等不定代词时(something 除

7、外)Pay attention to everything that I do.注意我所做的 一切。2当先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时He has little time that he can spare.他几乎抽不出 一点时间。3当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best novel (that) I have read.这是我读过的最好的小说。4如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼 指人和物时They were talking about the person and things that

8、 they remembered in school.他们正在谈论他们记 得的在中学里的人和事。5当先行词被 the only, the last, the very, the same 等等修饰时This is the last time that I want to see you.这是最 后一次我想见到你。6当疑问词who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句 中，为了避免重复只用thatWhich of the students that knows something about history? 了解历史的学生是哪一位？7当定语从句为there be句型时，关系代词只能用 th

9、at,也可以省略This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing.这 是去北京最快的火车。8当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中作表语 时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略China is not the country (that) it was.中国不是以 前的中国了。2.指物只能用which不用that的情况说明例句1在非限定性定语从句中St. Petersburg, which was once called Leningrad, is a very beautiful city. 圣彼得堡是一座非常美丽的城市，它曾被称作“列宁格勒

10、”。2在介词后面This is the room in which we lived last year.这是我们去年住的那个屋 子。3.指人时只能用who不用that的情况说明例句先行词为 one, ones, those, anyone, he时Those who break the law must be punished.那些违反法律的人必须 受到惩罚。4. as 与 whichas与which均可引导非限定性定语从句，有时可以互换，但也存在区别说明例句与such或the same连用时，一般用asSuch money as he earned was spent on books.他

11、挣得那些钱被花 在了买书上。as引导的从句可以放在句首，as表“正如之意As we all know, the earth is round.正如我们所知道的，地球是圆 的。当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动 词的被动语态She has been absent again, as is expected.她又缺席 了，这在预料 之中。当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只 能用whichMy parents treat me as a baby, which I cant bear.我父母常常把 我当小孩看，这是我难以忍受的。5.定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持

12、一致。如:Don,t choose me, who am not fit for the job.别选我，我不适合这份工作。考点练透一、单句填空请用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1. Because of my poor memory, all you told me has been forgotten.2. Do you remember those days we spent along the seashore very happily?3. Those want to go please sign their names here.4. Who is the woman is swe

13、eping the floor over there?5. The man you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbor.6. Finally, the thief handed over everything he had stolen to the police.7. This is the very letter came last night.8. This is the factory we worked a year ago.9. Jack is pleased with what you have given him a

14、nd all you have told him.10. Do you work near the building color is yellow?11. Alice received an invitation from her boss,came as a surprise.11.1 live in the house windows face south.13. They stayed with me three weeks,they drank all the wine I had.14. The room Mr. White lives is not very large.1. .

15、1 have finished writing the novel,is to be published next month.16. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle,was unexpected.17. The old man had three sons, all of died during the World War II.1. .1 have bought two pens, both of write well.19. Do you know the reason she has changed her m

16、ind?20. He failed in the exam,proves that he wasnt working hard enough.21. was expected, he succeeded in the exam.22. We should read such books will make us better and wiser.23. He is absent,is often the case.24. It is the first time I have come to your city.25. Who has the same idea as it will do i

17、t in this way.26. I shall never forget those days I lived in the country with the farmers,has agreat effect on my life.27. This is the only book I can find.28. This is the only one of the students handwriting is the best.29. You must show your wife the same respect you show me.30. This is the profes

18、sor taught me chemistry in 1980.二、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。You have heard about teas health benefits, but not all the news (be) good. The latest study, led by Farhad Islami, from the American Cancer Society, has found that 2 (drink) too hot tea may double your risk of esophagus (食道)cancer

19、.While previous studies have found a link 3 hot drinks and this type of cancer, this is the first study to 4 (accurate) figure out the temperature at which a hot liquid becomes risky. Dr Islami and his colleagues find that the constant damage of stomach 5 (cause) by swallowing the hot liquids may sp

20、eed up the growth of cancer. While the 6 (result) are unsettling, it may help to know that out of the more than 49,000 tea drinkers in 7 study, only 317 developed esophagus cancer. In other words, the overall risk is still small.The study has also showed that although black and green teas have antio

21、xidants (抗氧化齐ll)8 canhelp reduce cancer risk, there are other unknown compounds (化合物)in the teas that may have a harmful effect on your body when they 9 (make) too hot. Before drinking hot teas, 10 is wise to wait until they cool down.参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. that 2. which/that 3. who 4. that 5. with whom 6

22、. that 7. that 8. where 9. that 10. whose 11. which 12. whose 13. during which 14. where / in which 15. which 16. which 17. whom 18. which 19. why 20. which 21. As 22. as 23. as 24. that 25. that 26. when; which 27. that 28. whose 29. as 30. who/that二、语法填空本文主要介绍了一项关于喝太热的茶会增加患癌风险的科学研究。l.is考查时态及主谓一致。由

23、上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时；又因news是不可数名词，作主语 时谓语动词用单数，故填is。2. drinking考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，此处表示习惯性的抽象行为, 应用动名词作主语，故填drinking。3. between 考查介词。因a link between A and B意为“A和B之间的联系”。4. accurately考查词类转换。修饰动词短语figure out作状语，用副词。5. caused 考查非谓语动词。因句中已有谓语动词may speed up, cause应为非谓语动词；Xttl stomach 与cause是被动关系，加之由by提

24、示，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。6. results考查名词的数。由谓语动词are可知，主语应为是复数，故填results。7. the考查冠词。这里特指前文提到的那项科学研究，故用定冠词the。8. that/which考查连词。引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是antioxidants（抗氧化剂），指物， 故填 which 或 thato9. are made考查动词语态。因they(compounds)与make之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；由上下文 语境可知用一般现在时，主语they是复数，故填are made。10. it考查代词。由句子结构可知，这里缺少一个形式主语，故填it,构成“it is adj. to do sth.”。