管理信息系统（第7版）PPT+试题库 Ch09-7E.docx

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1、Essentials of Business Information Systems, 7ELaudon & LaudonLecture Files by Barbara J. EllestadChapter 9 E-Commerce: Digital Markets, Digital GoodsTwenty-four/seven-the mantra of the Internet. Whether its buying, selling, gathering information, managing, or communicating, the driving force behind

2、the evolutionary and revolutionary business is the Internet and its technological advances.9.1 Electronic Commerce and the InternetTake a moment and reflect back on your shopping experiences over the last year. Did any of them not involve using the Internet in one way or another? Perhaps you simply

3、used the Internet to research the cost of products without actually purchasing a product or service. Perhaps you emailed a company to get an answer to a question you had about a product after you purchased it at a regular brick-and-mortar store. If you did any of these you arc among the growing legi

4、ons that rely on the Internet as a new way of conducting business and commerce.E-Commerce TodayThe text provides useful statistics io demonstrate the solid growth in e-commerce. Many companies that failed during the dot.corrT bust did so because they didnt have solid business plans, not because e-co

5、mmerce as a whole wasnt a good idea.The Internet has proved to be the perfect vehicle for e-commerce because of its open standards and structure. No other methodology or technology has proven to work as well as the Internet for distributing information and bringing people together. Ils cheap and rel

6、atively easy to use it as a conduit for connecting customers, suppliers, and employees of a firm. No other mechanism has been created that allow organizations to reach out to anyone and everyone like the Internet.The Internet allows big businesses to act like small ones and small businesses to act b

7、ig. The challenge to businesses is to make transactions not just cheaper and easier for themselves but also easier and more convenient for customers and suppliers. Ils more than just posting a nice looking Web site with lots of cute animations and expecting customers and suppliers to figure it out f

8、rom there. Wcb-bascd solutions must be easier to use and more convenient than traditional methods if a company hopes to attract and keep customers.Figure 9-6: A Private Industrial Network.Businesses and both buyers and sellers are enjoying tremendous cost savings by using net marketplaces or e-hubs.

9、 B2B e-commerce is reducing the buyers costs by allowing them to shop around fbr the lowest prices. B2B e-commerce is reducing the sellers, costs by allowing them to automate the purchasing transaction and reach a greater number of potential buyers.The types of net marketplaces available for B2B e-c

10、ommerce include the following: Vertical: Specific industries Horizontal: Various functions across all industries Branded: Private exchanges across a broad range of industriesExchanges also allow businesses to offer a broader range of services to other businesses that simply wasnt possible before the

11、 Internet. Staples, the office supply store, was restricted to offering in-storc purchases of paper, pencils, and other supplies to other businesses. The buyer had to physically go to the store and wander through the aisles. Price comparison was limited at best to guessing whether Staples had the lo

12、west price. Staples now offers an online exchange from which other businesses can not only order office supplies but also use business services such as payroll pricing, human resourcesmanagement, legal and insurance services, and many others that werent profitable or possible in the past. S is able

13、to provide these online services by partnering with others to create new efficiencies and relationships through the Internet.While the burst in the dot-com bubble has caused some companies to slow their e- commerce efforts, hardly any of them are totally abandoning Internet integration altogether. T

14、he benefit from the dot-com fiasco is that companies are planning their e- commerce efforts better and making their systems more stable and secure.Bottom Line: The three categories of e-commerce, B2C, B2B, and C2C, offer businesses endless possibilities for expanding their products and services. Cus

15、tomers have far more opportunities through customer-centered retailing and interactive marketing and personalization to gather information and make more economical and convenient purchases.9.3 M-CommerceCell phones arent just for making phone calls anymore. Now they take photographs, send text messa

16、ges, used as tracking devices, and for purchasing goods and services. What was once a very simple device has now turned in to a personal, portable computing device thats changing the very nature of commerce worldwide.M-Commerce Services and ApplicationsM-Commerce ServiceApplicationsInfor i-Mtion-bas

17、ed servicesInstant messaging, e-tnail. searching for a movie or restaurant using a cell phone ot handheld PDATransaction-based servicesPurchasing stocks, concert tickets, music, or games: searching for the best price on an item using a cell phone and buying it In a physical store or on the WebPerson

18、alized servicesServices that anticipate what a customer wants based on that persons location or data profile, such as updated airline flight information or beaming coupons for nearby restaurantsTable 9.6 divides mobile commerce services and applications into three service categories: information-bas

19、ed, transaction-based, and personalized.M-Commerce Services and Applications for Mobile ComputingTABLE 9.6M-Commerce extends the ubiquitous Internet and computing to new heights. No longer docs a business have to wait for customers to find it. It can go out and find new customers quickly and easily.

20、 As you wander through downtown shops or the mall, a business will know youre near and send a message to your mobile computing devicedetailing lunch specials. While many of the services are currently not available in the United Slates, foreign countries are embracing the technology to provide the fo

21、llowing benefits: Mobile bill payment Content and products Banking and financial services Wireless advertising Location-based services Games and entertainmentAccessing Information from the Wireless WebEven though wireless connectivity is more common in major metropolitan areas, it continues to sprea

22、d as the available of wireless hotspots increases. The wireless devices are also improving that amount of data that can be transmitted and stored. Wireless portals proliferate and are offering more information and services. Below is an example of MSNs wireless portal currently available.msn)Mobile H

23、CMM-M5MMS 3 匕.Rrqtnw M5NT68msh gbx rcUirt r EwmeemSfO, MobileSec what you can get with your mot4r phonew 令 pGet MSN on your mobilephone!Mae firfiends wrdNew Pocket MSN!e-ob 皿 yur rtxw rUMV artwre. treww E M5W in ru care Mout E get EHme mts to 如 ccmecWd to nvtter, mostRx wretowFr orubiad mndM Mctito-

24、tQMd 53.州 Krtfrat MeiMTgcr ard Mobto wtb cirttr n g m&y Ucatcn ocUiwely ftr Mct4to SgrBxrAi xd RxitftPCs.M-Commerce ChallengesThe following improvements must be made by businesses and the telecommunication industry in order to increase acceptability of m-commerce: Keyboards and cell phone screens Da

25、ta transfer speeds Memory and power supplies for devices Web contentBottom Line: While mobile commerce is still in its infancy in the United States, other countries are embracing the products and services available through the technology. The challenges must be addressed collectively by businesses,

26、industries, and customers.9.4 Electronic Commerce Payment SystemsVarious forms of electronic payment systems are taking shape to make Internet-based purchases easier and more secure.Types of Electronic Payment SystemsMany of us dont want to use credit cards on Internet sites because we dont trust th

27、e technology. Or, we simply cant bring ourselves to give someone our credit card information sight unseen. Many banks, credit card companies, and merchants are working very hard to devise new technologies to make it safer and more secure to shop on the Internet by developing systems such as digital

28、credit card payment systems. Digital wallets offer convenience to buyers and sellers by storing information accessible only to those authorized.Sometimes it costs more to process a transaction than the monetary value of the transaction. Thals one of the big issues lacing some online merchants. For i

29、nstance, if you want to purchase just one song from your favorite CD, you may be willing to spend only 75, for the song. The credit card transaction may cost the merchant $1. It stands to reason that not many merchants are going to look favorably on that deal. Using micropayment systems makes it mor

30、e palatable to the merchant. Not many online sites are currently using this form of payment, but it holds much promise for smaller transactions on the Internet.When the credit card was introduced years ago, many people simply refused to believe that products and services could be purchased without c

31、old hard cash. Now they arc as ubiquitous as the greenback. In our new electronic world, various online payment systems such as electronic cash (e-cash), accumulated balance digital payment systems, digital credit card payment systems, and stored value payment systems arc just a few more ways the co

32、mputer industry and merchants worldwide will continue to make it easier and safer to make purchases online.Smart cards havent become as popular in the United States as they are in European and Asian countries. In addition to storing personal information, you can also use them in place of coins and b

33、ills. The first major experiment with them in the United States was at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. There, people didnt have to use typical currency at all; if they wanted a Coke, they swiped their smart card through the machines reader and out popped a can. If they wanted a newspaper, they used their

34、 smart card instead of half a dozen coins. The prepaid phone cards you can buy almost anywhere arc the most popular form of monetary smart cards in America.As customcr-to-customcr (C2C) c-commcrcc continues to grow, a secure, trustworthy, payment system is required. Thats where peer-to-peer payment

35、systems such as PayPal come in. Their Web site explains, “PayPal is the preferred payment service for online auctions, and for online community and group Web sites. PayPals service, free to consumers, can be used from PCs or Web- enablcd mobile phones.”A couple more fast-growing payment services off

36、ered on the Internet are digital checking and electronic bill presentment and payment systems. The latter is gaining popularity as people become more used to our wired world. Even though most bill payment systems cost extra money, users find it worth it because they dont have to worry about overdue

37、bills and charges. Not only do most major banks offer this service but so does the U.S. Postal Service.Table 9.7 is a synopsis of the various electronic payment systems available on the Internet. Time savings, convenience, and cost containment are behind the growing popularity of these systems.TABLE

38、 9.7Examples of Electronic Payment Systems for E- CommercePayment SystemDescriptionCommercial ExampleDigital credit card payment systemsSecure services for credit card payments on the Internet protect information transmitted among users, merchant sites, and processing bankseChargeMBNA SafeShopDigita

39、l walletSoftware that stores credit card and other information to facilitate form completion and payment for goods on the WebQ*Wallet, Gator eWallet. Google Toolbar AutoFillAccumulated balance digital payment systemsAccumulates micropayment purchases as a debit balance that must be paid periodically

40、 on credit card or telephone billsQPass, Valista, PepperooinStored value payment systemsEnables consumers to make instant payments to merchants based on value stored in a digital accounteCount. eCharge. Mondex cardDigital cashDigital currency that can be used for micropayments or larger purchaseseCC

41、lea r6 itPeer-to-peer payment systemsSends money using the Web to individuals or vendors who are not set up to accept credit card paymentsPayPalDigital checkingElectronic check with a secure digital signatureWestern UnionMoneyZap. eCheckElectronic billing presentment and payment systemsSupports elec

42、tronic payment for online and physical store purchases of goods or services after the purchase has taken placeCheckFree.Yahoo! Bill PayDigital Payment Systems for M-CommerceOne of the drawbacks to all these various forms of payment systems is the lack of standardization. As with any emerging technol

43、ogy or service, each company is vying to be the industry leader. But having so many different systems and methodologies leads to confusion by the consumer and extra expense by the merchant. Another problem with micropayinent systems is that the average consumer is reluctant to go through the hassle

44、required to make purchases for miniscule amounts of money. The music industry has tried to set up a system buyers can use to purchase just one song from an album instead of the whole album. So far, most potential customers arent inclined to make purchases for just 99% The industry promises a shake-o

45、ut in the next few years and eventually we will have fewer, thus more efficient, payment systems.Focus on Organizations: Can NTT DoCoMo Turn a Cell Phone into a Credit Card? (see p 317 of the text) describes how the Japanese company is making the cell phone the perfect vehicle for increased mobile e

46、lectronic commerce. While the technology is not without its challenges, the company is adapting itself and its customers to the new medium.Bottom Line: Electronic commerce payment systems offer safe and efficient methods of payments for e-commerce transactions. These digital payment systems provide

47、the functionality for e-commerce to continue its expansion in the United States and around the globe.Customers and suppliers are learning how to use the new technologies to gather information about the firms products or services and compare them to the competition. Ils easier and faster than ever be

48、fore. Therefore, any business wishing to stay ahead of the game needs to appreciate that fact and change their processes and methodologies. If they dont, they may not be in business much longer.Why E-commerce is DifferentMost of us are so used to the Internet that we take it for granted. Lets look at the factors that make E-commerce so revolutionary from anything weve seen before.Ubiquity: 24/7 365 days a year, anytime, anywhere. New marketspaces change the balance of power from being business-centric to customer-centric. Trans