（2020-2022）三年全国中考英语真题和模拟题精选分项训练专题11 阅读理解说明文.docx

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1、专题11阅读理解说明文三年（2020-2022 ）中考英语真题和模拟题精选分类训练（全国通用）考查点：1.考查考生阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的综合评估能力等。2考查微技能：细节理解、推理判断、词（组）义猜测、主旨大意、标题归纳、数字计算、写作意图等。说明文体裁特点：说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，传授知识的文体。它通过对实体事物（如产品、自 然环境）的解说，或对抽象事理（如原理、定律）的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、 成因、功能等有所了解；或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得有关的知识。说明文实用性强，它包括广告、说明书、内容提要

2、、规则章程、解说词、科学小品等。解题技能：说明文题材I涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。如:介绍科学领域的最新成果、产品工艺流程或使用说 明、工程项目的规划、社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物、生物的生存状况、自然或社会现象产生的原 因和解决办法、人文地理知识等。L细节理解：通过题干的关键词，在文中找到相关信息，仔细对比（尤其是同义词转换）,找到正确答案。2.句意理解：长难句或复杂句型是关键。首先找到句子主干，然后分析重要词语意义（特别是过渡词）， 最后整体理解句子。3,段落大意：考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意；一般不出 现绝对概念。4.词义猜测：考查考

3、生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，这 些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。一般利用上下文线索、语法知识、上下文逻辑、构词法和常识等猜测词义。5,推理判断：在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层含义，推断出 作者没有直接表达出来的态度和观点。（八）（2022-重庆中考真题）On January 4, the China National Traditional Orchestra（中央民族乐团）played some well-known traditional music in their concert. Audiences（观众）

4、enjoyed the beautiful sounds guzheng, the powerful tunes of siuma, the tearful notes of erhu and so on. Each traditional Chinese musical instrument tells its own story.Ive fallen in love with the sounds of traditional instruments, especially pipa, a four-stringed（弦）instrument with a history of more

5、than 2,000 years. It can produce different sounds, such as the sounds of falling snow and raindrops. Every time I listen to a pipa tune, I have a strong feeling of peace,“ said Yang Tian, an audience of the concert.However, a recent report suggests.To wake up peoples love for traditional music, some

6、thing creative has been done.In some traditional music concerts, VR（虚寸以现实）technology is used to bring the star sky or the beautiful sandy view of Dunhuang to the music hall. It makes the experience like watching a 3D movie.Li Xiaobing, a music teacher from Beijing, mixes traditional folk（民间）singing,

7、 opera and Chinese instruments through technology. People are surprised at his works and they love them!Some musicians try to add something new to traditional music. They bring modern music like pop and rap into traditional music. When the east meets the west, the new form of music wins the hearts o

8、f both the old and the young.Traditional music shows the beauty of our culture, and with some creativity, great things happen.40. Which of the following can be put in the?A. pipa can not produce the sound of falling snowB traditional music is much better than modern musicC. the number of traditional

9、 music listeners is droppingD. more young people show interest in traditional music41. To wake up peoples love for traditional music, Li Xiao bing.A. tells many tearful stories B. makes good 3D moviesC. mixes traditional music D. sings pop and rap songs42. The structure（结构）of the passage is.A.一B.C.D

10、. I （6）| |43. According to the passage, the writer believes.A. traditional music should only be played in concertsB. the ways to play traditional music must be changedC. traditional music must remain unchanged all the timeD. traditional music with creativity will be more popular（九）（2022-江苏徐州.中考真题）Fl

11、ying cars: flying high and reaching for the sky!Traffic jam is almost every drivers headache. So its not surprising to see why the idea of turning cars into flying machines has been popular for years. The flying cars can be seen in a lot of science fiction novels and films. Now the idea may become a

12、 reality in the near future.Basic information A flying car provides transport by both land and air. A few models of flying cars have already completed test flights.Advantages Reducing road traffic jams. Travelling across greater distances much faster than common cars. Saving space on the ground for

13、parks and other public spaces. Building an engine that is powerful enough to lift and fly the car for a long time. Creating a strong lightweight body so that the flying car can be used in any weather. Designing sky “roads“ to manage the flow of traffic in the air. Making new traffic rules in the sky

14、.44. How many advantages does the material tell us about flying cars?A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.45. . Which word is the most suitable for ?A. Disadvantages. B. Possibilities. C. Contributions. D. Challenges.46. What do we learn from the material?A. People may drive flying cars in the near fu

15、ture.B. So far no flying cars have completed test flights.C. There are some rules against the use of flying cars.D. Flying cars can be used on land, in water and in the air.47. Whats the main purpose of the material?A. To explain how to make flying cars. B. To introduce flying cars.C. To show the im

16、portance of flying cars. D. To advertise for flying cars.（十）（2022-江苏镇江.中考真题）Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System（北斗卫星 导航系统）. These shared bikes all use Beidou based positioning chips（芯片）.The chips have high qualities. They can deal wit

17、h information accurately and quickly. They feature low power consumption. They provide a better user experience and easier management for the local companies. Now, several new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips have also started to be produced and put into market. Besides positi

18、oning and navigation, the chips will help users and bike companies record user speed and battery condition of an electric bike. The possible crimes during the bike using will also be recorded.In fact, years ago, shared bike companies began to use positioning chips which worked well with both GPS and

19、 Beidou services. After the Beidou system became fully in use in the summer of 2020, shared bike companies started installing Beidou-based chips on more bikes in more areas. The latest chips which are popular with bike companies are smaller and have more advantages over the old types.Since 2000, a t

20、otal of 59 Beidou satellites have been lifted from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province. After the final satellite was lifted in 2020, the system was completed and started providing global services. Beidou Satellite System is designed and developed by China and it is one of four g

21、lobal navigation networks, along with the United States GPS, Russias GLONASS and the European Unions Galileo.According to a research in 2022, by the end of 2021 the total value connected with satellite navigation and positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan, a 16.3-percent increase year-on

22、-year. More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14.000 Chinas companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services.48. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. The history of shared bikes.B. The qualities of shared b汰es.C. T

23、he advantages of Beidou-based chips.D. The producers of Beidou-based chips.49. What does the underlined word “installing“ mean in Paragraph 3?A. putting away B. putting off C. putting through D. putting in50. How does the writer prove the value of satellite navigation and positioning services in Par

24、agraph 5?A. By explaining reasons B. By listing numbers.C. By comparing conditions. D. By introducing backgrounds.51. Whats the best title of the passage?A. Technology Shapes the Future of the ProductsB. Users Needs Drive the Growth of the ProductsC. Competition Lifts the Quality of the ProductsD. S

25、ervice Increases the Sales of the Products（十一）（2022-广东广州.中考真题）When you and your friends turn to each other to talk about problems or troubles, you give each other advice and help. One important thing of our growth is to make decisions to help our friends and learn to support each other. This require

26、s us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways.The first step toward helping others is to identify that they need help. We all know that difficulties are part of our daily lives. However, sometimes small things can lead to more serious problems that require more help.

27、 If s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well.The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughou

28、t our life. When we communicate with others, we need to learn when to speak and when not to. As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives. Listening and paying attention to others when they speak is a sign of re

29、spect and a skill that will lead to deeper and better relationships.52. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To discuss why people help each other. B. To describe the problems of giving help.C. To introduce the advantages of giving help. D. To explain how we can help others properly.53. What does t

30、he underlined word “identify“ in paragraph 2 mean?A. Require. B. Discover. C. Suggest. D. Remember.54. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?A. Act as a good listener to your friends. B. Learn how to give advice to your friends.C. Pay attention to your friends, unusual acts. D. Build good relationshi

31、ps with your friends.55. According to the writer, what should you do if your friends dont follow your advice on their serious problems?A. Keep their problems as secrets. B. Let them make their own decisions.C. Find out the causes of their problems. D. Get help from their trusted teachers.2021 年（一）（2

32、021湖北武汉市中考真题）TECH& LIFEMEMORY HELPERA talented young team from Ireland, the creators of Memory Helper, developed this support app （应用软件）for people with dementia （痴呆）.And they won the final at the 2020 competition, standing out among 5,400 students from 62 countries, Mars Times reported.Last year, La

33、ura, Aaron and Vicky put their heads together for Technovation Kids（TK）, an international competition that encourages teenagers to create an app that solves a community problem.The inspiration for their project came from their teachers mother, who had dementia and died earlier this year.To complete

34、their project, the three designed an app to support both people with dementia and their caregivers. The app solves some common problems connected with dementia like loss（失去）of memory.“We hope that our app can reach millions of people who have dementia and just make their lives kind of easier, “ Laur

35、a said.l.The app Memory Helper.A. is used worldwide B. is designed for the oldC. helps deal with dementia D. connects peoples brains2. Where was the idea of creating Memory Helper from?A. The illness of a woman B. The advice of some students.C. A scientific problem D. An international competition.3.

36、 The small program Memory Game in the photo is probably toA. kill time B. practice the brainC. store memories D. find back lost things4. From the material above, we can know that.A. the photo was provided by LauraB. Technovation Kids took place in Ireland on June 21C. Wuhan Daily reported the news b

37、efore Mars TimesD. the news Memory Helper comes from TECH& LIFE section5. . The passage mainly tells us.A. international competitions are importantB. a teacher helped three kids win the finalC. three teenagers have made something usefulD. everyone can realize their technology dream（二）（2021 四川眉山市中考真题

38、）Have you ever imagined the life in space? The following will show you the astronauts9 daily life. Eating in spaceIf you go camping for more than a week with some friends, you will make sure you have plenty of foods and keep them properly. At the end of your camping trip, you would deal with your ru

39、bbish properly before the ride home.Astronauts almost do the same thing when they go to space. Preparation changes with the food type. Some foods can be eaten in their natural forms, such as chocolate cakes and fruits. Other foods require adding water, such as cheese. Of course, an oven is provided

40、at the space station to heat the food. But there are no fridges, so space food must be kept properly. Sleeping in spaceAfter a long day at work, nothing is better than a good nights sleep! Just like on the earth, in space astronauts go to bed at a certain time, then get up and prepare for work again

41、. When going to sleep, they have to attach themselves, so they dont float （漂;孚）around or hit their bodies against something. They usually use sleeping bags located in small crew cabins （乘员舱）.Each crew cabin is just big enough for one person. Generally, astronauts have an eight-hour sleep each day wh

42、en they finish their task. Doing sports in spaceExercise is an important part of every astronauts daily life to prevent muscle loss （UL 肉萎缩）.Usually, astronauts exercise two hours every day. Lifting 200 pounds on the earth may be a lot of work. But lifting that same object in space would be much eas

43、ier. That means the things for exercise need to be specially designed, so astronauts can receive the exercise needed.Living in space is not just all work and no play. Astronauts have fun, too. They like to look out the window and play with their food. Fun plays an important role in the quality of th

44、eir life.6. The writer starts to explain eating in space by.A. telling a story B. asking a question C. giving an example D. comparing two facts7. What does the underlined word “attach“ in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Tie. B. Hide. C. Catch. D. Carry.8. It is much easier for people in space than on the earth.

45、A. to fall asleep B. to lift heavy things C. to prevent muscle loss D. to eat cold food9. In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage?A. CULTURE. B. SOCIETY. C. SCIENCE. D. HISTORY.（三）（2021 四川眉山市中考真题）Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws （吸管）and bags. More an

46、d more businesses are turning to paper products as a choice. Paper is considered by many to be better than plastic. However, it, too, is harmful to the environment.Firstly, paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees, as you know, can reduce （减少）carbon dioxide （二氧化 碳）levels in the atmosphere. T

47、hey can slow down climate （气I矣）change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more acts of cutting down trees.Secondly, products made from paper require more energy and water. About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water is used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one. You mig

48、ht say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process than to make a brand new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived.Thirdly, paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more oil to transport. Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic