Unit 1 Looking forwards知识汇总--高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修四.docx

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1、Unit 1 Looking forwards知识汇总-高中英语外研版选择性必修四一、词汇派生1 . ambition n.追求，理想fambitious adj.具有雄心抱负的2 .train v.训I练,培训ftrainee n.接受工作培训的人；实习生玲training n .培训.detect v.侦探；发现-detective n .私家侦探. ultimate adj .最后的；最终的玲ultimately adv.最后，最终.boy n .男孩玲boyhood n .（男性的）童年时期，少年时代二、一词多义1. issue n . & v. If you have any iss

2、ues, please call this number. （n.担忧）This is a big issue ； we need more time to think about it. （n.问题）The article appeared in issue 25.（n.期号）They issued a joint statement denying the charges.（v.公布）They issued a special set of stamps to mark the occasion.（v.发 彳亍）They issued rifles to the soldier.（v.配给

3、）2 . ultimately adv.（1）Ultimately, youll have to make the decision yourself.（ Jo ）AII life depends ultimately on oxygen.（归根至！J 底）三、知识要点fortably adv.舒适地They found her walking alone on the street.知识拓展(l)find +宾语+现在分词俵示主动或正在进行)(2)find +宾语+过去分词(表示被动或完成)(3)find +宾语+形容词/介词短语(4)find+it +形容词/名词+ to do(it是形式

4、宾语，to do是真正的宾语)与 find 用法相同 的动词还有：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, keep 等 o翻译1当她遇到一些挑战的时候，为什么她总是发现自己很无助？Why she often finds herself helpless when she meets with some challenges?翻译2随着世界变成地球村，我发现精通英语是必要的。With the world becoming a global village, I find it necessary to have a good command of Englis

5、h.即学即练单句语法填空A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking(smoke)in the kitchen. But when the police arrived , they found the door locked(lock)and a 11 windows closed.2. while当时候教材 P3 Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medica

6、l practice in London.有趣的是，道尔在伦敦的医疗诊所等病人时一，就写了一些早期福尔摩 斯的故事。句式分析：本句中w h i I e用作从属连词，意思是当时候。例 1 We must have been burgled while we were asleep.我们睡着时一定让贼入室偷窃了 o例 2 Her parents died while she was still at school.她还在读书时父母就去世了。造句妈妈正在做饭的时候，儿子突然摔倒了。While she was cooking, her son suddenly fell over.知识拓展(l)whi

7、le用作并列连词，表示对比或转折，意为然而；可是；用来连 接两个并列分句；(2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，表示当时候，从句 谓语动词要用延续性动词；(3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然；从句 往往位于主句之前；(4)while还可用作名词，意为(一段)时间。例如：SeveraI years ago, the famous writer put down his pen for a while.(5)when引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词， 也可以是非延续性动词。当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时， while和when可以

8、互换。翻译1我坐在教室里做试卷时感到信心十足，精力旺盛。While I was sitting in the classroom and doing my papers , I felt confident and was f u 11 of energy.翻译2尽管互联网对我们有很大的帮助，但我认为在这方面花太多 的时间并不是好主意。While the Internet is of great help to us , I dont think it is a good idea to spend too much time on it.即学即练单句语法填空1 I always feel e

9、xhausted after a days study, while it is worthwhile to try my best to pursue my ideal.Then I showed them how to make tea.I sat at a table, explainingevery step of the process while making tea.Some sports are usually done indoors ， while others are doneoutdoors.五、难句分析Though both of these men were ult

10、imately successful , their paths to success were very different, their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned.分析：本句为复合句，though引导让步状语从句，主句是：their paths to success were very different o their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned 是独立主格结构。译文：虽然这两个人最终都成功了，但他们的成

11、功之路却大不相同， 他们的未来未必是完全按照他们的规划发展的。One moment, we a re lying comforta bly in bed , about to fall into a deep sleep.某一刻，我们舒舒服服地躺在床上，快要睡着了。He settled himself more comfortably in hischair.他使自己在椅子上坐得更舒服些。造句只有我的狗陪着我的时候，我才能睡得舒服。I can only sleep comfortably if my dog is with me.知识拓展(l)uncomfortably adv.不舒适地(2)

12、comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服自在的(3)comfort n . &v .安慰take comfort from.从中得到慰藉live in comfort 生活舒适comfortably off生活富裕；丰衣足食He lived comfortably with his stepfather.Air conditioning made his room more comfortable .(DHis kindness gave her much comfort(给了 她很大的安慰).(4)His friends came to comfort him for his loss.

13、小片段填空When I was lying comfortably on the bed , Mary gave me a call, saying that she was not comfortable in her stomach.I tried to comfort her by saying that I would take her to hospital at once.2 .wonder n.奇迹；奇观；惊奇v.想知道；对感到惊奇；对感 至I疑惑I am wondering if/whether you could tell me more about this activit

14、y.我想知道你是否能告诉我关于这个活动更多的信息。I sat, stunned, for about half a n hour, wondering what had justhappened.我惊呆地坐在那儿大约半个小时，想知道刚刚发生了什么。造句他想知道箱子里面是什么。He was wondering what was in the box.知识拓展(l)lts no wonder that. = No wonder that不足为奇， 难怪Its a wonder(that).令人惊奇的是in wonder惊奇地do/work wonders 仓ll 造奇迹(2)wonder at/a

15、bout.对感到惊奇wonder if/whether/how/wh 从句想知道I want to know if you could give me some advice so that I can get myself better prepared for my stay in Canada.玲I wonder if you could give me some advice so that I can get myself better prepared for my stay in Canada.Whats that ? Mary pointed at the statue, sa

16、ying in wonder.(DIts no wonder/No wonder that (难怪)youre tired ； youve been walking for hours.3 .take action 采取措施Can we take action to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way?我们能采取行动来影响未来的发展吗，还是我们应该接受我们所遇到 的一切？But at what point do we decide to take action?但是我们应该什么时候决定采取行动呢？造句我们必须采取行

17、动保护环境。We must take action to protect our environment.知识拓展take away 拿走；夺走take back收回；带回；使回忆起take down写下，记下；拆卸take in吸收；理解；欺骗；收留take on具有，呈现；担任，承担；雇用take up举（拿、捡、拔）起；占据；从事take over接管；接任；控制They prepared to take down what he would say in shorthand.He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sp

18、ort.（3）I know I was completely a fool to trust him but he is a real charmer who totally takes me in.（4）No other organization was able or willing to take on the job.I intend you to take over my career（接管我的事业）.4 .guarantee v.保证；担保；保修n.保证；保证书He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.他向我保证

19、这种事情绝不会再发生。A famous old name on a firm is not necessarily a guarantee of quality.公司悠久的品牌并不能确保商品的质量。造句百词斩包你秒杀所有的英语考试。Baicizhan is the guarantee of victory in English exams.知识拓展（l）guarantee sb.sth.（ = ensure sb.sth.）保证某人得到某物guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事guarantee that. 确保guarantee sth.for some time 对保修多久（

20、2）give sb.a guarantee that. 向某人保证under guarantee 在保修期内 I guarantee to be here tomorrow.Trust me!（2）I guarantee that youll enjoy yourself.My car is still under guarantee.小片段填空My colour TV set is only one year old and it is still under guarantee , so the company guarantees to fix it for me within one

21、week.The aftersales service of the colour TV company is very good.You can purchase one from the company and I guarantee that you will not regret.5 .approach n.接近；通道；方法；途径v.接近，靠近；找（某人）商量； 着手处理To summarise, this is a clever approach to a common problem.总而言之，这是一个解决常见问题的巧妙方法。The job market has changed a

22、nd our approaches to finding work must change as well.就业市场已经发生了改变，所以我们找工作的方法也必须发生改变。With Teachers Day approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.As Teachers Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day

23、 for a change this year.造句我们学校已经采纳了 一种新的教授语言的方法。Our school has adopted a new approach to teaching languages.知识拓展at the approach of在快到的时候make approaches to sb. 设法接近某人an approach to（doing）sth.（做）某事的方法/途径 approach sb.与某人接洽表示（做）某事的方法”的搭配有：the approach to（doing）sth.the way to do/of（doing）sth.（3）the means

24、 of（doing）sth.the method of（doing）sth.请注意下列各句中approach的意思：The population of our province is now approaching 100 million.（接 近）She decided to adopt a different approach to the problem.（方法）All approaches to the town were blocked.（道路）（4）We have been approached by a number of companies that are intereste

25、d in our product.（与接洽）With great enthusiasm, he talked about how he found issues and approached them.（处理）小片段填空The boy had to stay at home to go over his lessons because all the approaches to school were blocked by the government because of the new virus.Although he is becoming nervous at the approac

26、h of the 2020 College Entrance Examination, he believes that facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.6.1 nform v.通知；告知；充实If you threaten me or use any force, I shall inform the police.你要是威胁我或是动武，我就报警。Please inform us of any changes of

27、address.地址若有变动，请随时通知我们。造句请你一有消息就通知我们。Please inform us of the news as soon as you know.知识拓展(l)inform sb.of/about sth. 通知某人某事inform sb.that. 告矢口某人(2)informed adj. 了解情况的；消息灵通的；有学问的keep sb.informed of sth.使某人知道某事；随时报告某人某事(3)information n.信息(不可数) Have you informed the boss of/about your wish to leave?The

28、 headmaster informed us that the school would be closed for one(3)Please keep me informed of/about the latest process of the plan.7 .focus n.焦点；集中点v.(使)集中，聚焦As is known to all, they must focus on improving the quality of the prod ucts.众所周知，他们必须注重提高产品质量。It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that chil

29、dren a re the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.儿童是家庭的焦点，肩负着父母的希望，这是当今社会的一个普遍现 象。造句他非常专注于他的工作。He focuses hard on his work.知识拓展(l)the focus of的焦点come into focus 成为焦点bring/throw.into focus使成为关注的焦点(2)focus ones attention/eyes/energy/mind on. 集中某人的注意力/目 光/精力/思想于focus on/upon 集中于（T

30、heres a new frontier in 3D printing thats beginning to come into focus： food.The case has brought the problem of child abuse sharply into focus.（3）With his attention focused on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.8 .turn out结果是；生产Yet their results turn out to have enormous potentia

31、l.但他们的成果却有巨大的潜力。Cosgraves forecast turned out to be quite wrong.科斯格雷夫的预测最后证明是大错特错。造句不用担心，我敢肯定一切最终会好起来的。Dont worry, I a m sure it will a 11 turn out fine.知识拓展turn up 出现；到场；开大；调高音量turn around/round 转身turn out证明是；结果是turn to转向；求助于，查阅turn down拒绝，谢绝turn over翻转；移交turn on/off打开/关闭（开关）turn in 上交turn into 变成W

32、hen I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out, but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.（2）It turned out that she was a friend of my sister.（3）Suddenly the idea came to me that I might turn to my teacher forhelp.Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party

33、last weekend because he was too busy.小片段填空The party was a Imost over, but Jane still didnt turn up. Tom was very disappointed.He didnt know why Jane didnt turn down his invitation if she didnt want to come.He turned over the bottles on the tables, and the rest guests left the hall in shock.Tom turne

34、d off all the lights in the hall.No one could imagine how upset he was!四、重点句式l.find+宾语+宾语补足语教材 P2 The next , our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worryi ng about possibly the most i m porta nt issue of our lives the future.接下来，我们睁开眼睛，发现自己在想甚至担心可能是我们生命中最 重要的问题一一未来。句式分析：本句中的find o

35、urselves wondering or even worrying about. 属于find+宾语+宾语补足语这一结构。例 1 After I arrived in America , I found myself living in a completely foreign culture.来到美国后，我发现自己生活在一个完全陌生的文化中。例 2 When preparing for the English speech contest, I found it very challenging to collect information and use language correctly.在准备英语演讲比赛的时候，我发现收集信息和正确使用语言是非常 具有挑战性的。造句他们发现她一个人在街上走。