2019年高考英语二轮复习《情态动词和虚拟语气》教学案.docx

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1、2018高考英语二轮复习精品资料专题08情态动词和虚拟 语气教学案(教师版)【2018高考考纲解读】情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的 热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推 测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”，情态 动词表示“必要性”等方面的用法。【重点知识整合】一、情态动词1. shall(1)表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等，一般用于第二、三人称中，并用于 陈述句。You shall have my answer tomorrow.(允诺)你明天就会得到我的答复。

2、He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.(警告)我告诉你，他总有一天会后悔的。You shall do as I tell you.(命令或吩咐)你应该按照我告诉你的去做。(2)shall用于第三人称,表示“应，必须”。Those belonging to our club shalL wear uniforms.我们俱乐部的成员应该穿统一制服。(3)用于征求对方的意见和指示，用在第一、三人称的疑问句中。Shall I turn on the light?我能翻开灯吗?Shall he come to see you? =Do you want

3、 him to see you?你愿意他来看你吗？【例】一What does the sign over there read?-No personsmoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.A. will B. may C. shall D. must【答案】c【解析工shall可以用于第二，第三人称表说话者的命令、警告、意图、允诺和决心等, 此处表示命令.2. will(1)表示意志、愿望或决心等。与将来事实相反过去式(be一律用were) should+动词原形 were to+动词原形would/shou

4、ld/could/might+ 动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+ have+过 去 分词If she knew English, she wouldnt ask me for help.如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮助的。If I had known her number, I would have called her.如果我知道她的 号码的话，我就给她打 了。If it were to snow this evening,they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。注意：(1)错综时间条件句有时主句与从句

5、的动作发生在不同时间，这时主句和从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式必须因时 间不同而不同。If she hadn，t trained so hard, she wouldn，t be able to run so fast.(从句与过去 事实相反，主句与现在事实相反)如果她以前训练没有这么刻苦的话，她现在不可能跑得那 么快。If he had died in the accident, he couldn，t stand in front of you now.如果他在那次 事故中死去了，他现在就不会站在你面前了。(2)省略if的用法如果条件句的从句局部含有were, should或had,有时可将i

6、f省略，把were, should或had 移到句首。Were I you, I would get up early in the morning.如果我是你的话，我早晨就会早起。Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.昨天如果你早到车站10分钟的话，就会赶上火车了。Should it rain,the crops would be saved.要是下雨的话，庄稼就会有救了。(3)含蓄条件句：句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟

7、条件。 有以下情况：通过介词短语with, without, but for, but that等。Without air, there would be no living things.假设没有空气，就没有生物。But for your mother，s help we wouldn，t have finished thework.要不是你妈妈帮助，我们不可能完成这项工作。通过连词or, but, though, once等。I would have attended the meeting, but I have been too busy.我本来要参力口会议 的，只是太忙了。通过不定式

8、短语。You would be a fool to refuse his offer.要是你拒绝他的提议，那就太傻了。通过分词短语。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.倘假设给予更多关心，这些树木本来可以生长得更好。无词语暗示条件。Such mistakes could have been avoided.这些错误本来是可以防止的。【彳列】 he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A. IfB. Since C. Though D. When【答案】A

9、【解析】由于句子结构可知为虚拟语气:只有A项:时能引导非真实条件句:此处表示与过去事 实相反的情况.2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)表示命令、建议、要求等一类的动词，如order, suggest, propose, insist, require, demand, advise, request等后接的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“should+动词原形，should 可以省略We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.我们建议把会议推迟。I required that he (should) come to my office.我要求他到我

10、的办公室来。He insisted that you (should) be seated there.他坚持让你坐在那儿。【例】 (09 浙江 13) The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal .A .wouldn t B couldn, t C needn t D shouldn t【答案】D.【解析】考查虑拟语气的用法. recommend的宾语从句中用虚拟语气既：(should) -v:所以答案为D。注意：suggest与insist当suggest不表示“建议”而是表示“暗示”“认为可能，使人联想起”

11、讲时，从句中 的谓语动词要用陈述语气。Her expression suggested (that) she was angry.她的表情说明她生气了。当insist表示“坚持说、强调”之意时，用陈述语气。He insisted that he was better. (insist在此表示“坚持说、坚持认为”)他坚持说他 好些了。He insisted that Tom had stolen his horse.他坚持认为汤姆偷了他的马。(2)wish后的宾语从句中：一般过去时一一与现在事实相反的愿望，过去完成时一一与过 去事实相反的愿望，would/could+动词原形将来难以实现的愿望。

12、I wish you had come to the lecture.但愿你当时听报告了。I wish I could fly to the moon some day.如果有一天我能飞到月球上去就好了。(3) would rather的从句后面用一般过去时表示将来或现在，用过去完成时表示过去。I would rather you told me the truth.我宁愿你告诉我真相了。I would rather you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天已经把这本 书还了。3 .名词性从句中的虚拟语气(1)虚拟语气用于主语从句在主语从句中，谓语

13、动词的虚拟语气用“(should+)动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不 相信、惋惜、理应如此等。It is necessary/important/natural/strange that. (should)do- 做是必要的/重要的/自然的/奇怪的。It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work.你在工作后清扫 房间是有必要的。It is very strange that he (should) have left without saying good-bye. 他离 开时没有说再见是很奇怪的。、 It is desir

14、ed/suggested/decided/ordered/requested/proposed that. (should) do.据请求/建议/决定/指示/要求/建议(应该)做It is ordered that the cloth (should) be woven right now.据指示，现在就应纺织布料。(2)虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句在 advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request 等名词后 的表语从句和同位语从句中，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should+)动词原形”。My idea

15、 is that we (should)do exercises first.我的观点是我们应该先做练习。Our suggestion is that the meeting should be held at once.我们的建议是会议应立刻召开。An order came that we (should) start at once.命令传来我们应立刻出发。4 . as if/as though从句中的虚拟语气由as if /as though (好像)引导的从句，谓语动词用过去式或过去完成时表示虚拟语 气。It seems as if it were spring already.现在仿

16、佛已是春天了。He talked as if he had been to Paris.他谈起来好像他去过巴黎。She looks as though she had known all the secrets.她看上去像是已经知道了全 部秘密。注意：as if/as though可引导可能是事实的从句，常用在系动词look, seem, taste, sound等词 后。It looks as if it is going to rain.仿佛要下雨了。5 .其他句型中的虚拟语气(Dif 0 nly句型(要是该有多好)If only I could see him now!要是我现在能看到他

17、该有多好啊!If only I knew the answer.要是我知道答案就好了。If only I hadnt lost it.要是我没有弄丢它就好了。(2) It is (high) time that后面的从句的谓语动词要用过去式或用should+动词 原形”，但should不可省略。It is time that we planted trees there.是我们到那儿种树的时候了。It is high time that we should plant trees there.早该是我们到那儿种树的时候了 o【彳列】But for their help, we the prog

18、ram in time.A. can not finishB. will not finishC. had not finishedD. could not have finished【答案】D【解析】此题考查虚拟语气的用法。幸亏他们的帮助，否那么我们不可能及时完成任务。易混易误，深度总结。典型陷阱题分析1. “Mike is often absent from class. ” “Tell him he answer for itif he goes on behaving like that.”A. shallB. willC. wouldD. can【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析

19、】最隹答案选A. shall用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：（1）用于疑问句中征求意见。如：Sha： I help you?要不要我帮帮你？Shall I open the window?要我把窗子翻开吗？（2）用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等（可用于各夷人称）。如：You sha： suffer for this.你会为此事吃苦头的。（表威胁）Each competitor shall wear a number.每个参赛者要戴一个号码。（表规定）You shall hear eventhms as soon as vou comt 你一来就可听到所有情况，了 （

20、表允诺）请做以下试题（答案均选shall）：1. ） “I promise that she get a nice present on her birthday. ” “Willit be a great surprise to her? ”A. shouldB. mustC.wouldD. shall2. You pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannotB. shouldn, tC.mustn tD. needn, t【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最隹答案选A.以瓯J

21、。是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为;不可能太， 无论怎样也不算过分，越越如：You cant be too careful.你越仔细越好。You cant praise the too much.这本书值得大加赞扬。We cannot work too much for the people,我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的A woman cannot have too many clothes,女人买的衣服再多也不算多。注：有时也可用can never： impossible等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：It is impossible to get there too soon.去那J

22、 L越早越好。3. “Is John coming by train? ” “He should, but he not. He likes driving his car.”A. mustB. canC.needD. may【陷阱】可能误选3或C.【分析】最隹答案为以蛔 表推测，mavnot意为，可能不（会坐火车来）二句中的He should为He should come by tra:n之省略，由于其后出现转折连词but,说明语意有变化， 再结合下文的He likes driving h:s car,便可决定此题选D.注意，不能选B,因为can表示推 测时通常不用肯定陈述句.4. “I h

23、eard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. “It truebecause there was little snow there. ”A. may not beB. won t beC.couldn t beD. mustn? t be【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题最隹答案为C,主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然殁下什么雪”，那么“滑雪:就应是不可能; 所以选cou：dn；tbe,即选C.5. “Do you think he is lazy? ”

24、 ,I so once, but I don t now. ”thinkthinkA. may have thoughtB. can have thoughtD. might thinkC.may【答案】A【解析】从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测, 故应用情态动词-动词完成式、又因为can表推测不用于肯定句，应选A.请看类例：Their answers are exactly the same 一 one of them from the other.A. must copyB. must have copiedD. should have copiedC.

25、 should copy【答案】3【解析】既然版人的答案完全一样，说明抄袭:已经发生，故用情态动词-动词完成式、 根据句意，应选B而不能选D.6. You be right, but I don, t think you are.A. canB. couldC. mustshould【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了 A,认为 整个句子为现在时态，所以选can,而不选过去式could,但是最隹答案却是B而不是A. 按照英语语法，情态动词can用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否认句或疑问句中，而 不用于肯定句中；但could用

26、于表推测时，却不仅可用于否认句和疑问句，也可用育定定. 句，且此时的could并不是can的过去式，与can也没有时间上的差异，只是could比 can语气更委婉，所以答案选3.注：can在以下特殊情况下，也可用王靛句。一是表示抽 象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes.任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接飞e (get seem, become) +形容词，表 示“有时会”、时常会等如：Mv father can be ver/ unreasonable,我父亲有时候很不讲道理。7. I forget where I

27、read the article, or I it to you now.A. will showB. would showC.am going to showD. am showing【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】正确答案选3根据上文的语境可知句中的or隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即OEfI d:dift forget where ： read the art:w：e(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇又章的话但事实上忘了 )o“It looks as if he were drunk. ”“So it does. .”A. He d better give up drinkinghave d

28、runk so muchC. Health is more important than drink always doing s.oB. He shouldn tD. I wonder why he is【分析】最正确答案为D.关七信息是 It looks as if he were drunk中的虚拟语气,句子既然【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是蒙旬史drunk 一词的影响。用了虚拟语气，也就是说，他喝醉了不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最正确答案是D.8. “Mary looks hot and dry”“So you if you had so high a feve

29、r. ”A, doB. areC. willD. would【陷阱】容易t镂A或C.选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后 带有if条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。【分析】此题最隹答案为D.分析如下：（1）飞。-助动词-主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“也一样时。如：He likes to watch TV： and so do L 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。（2）由于空格后的if条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息）所 以主句要用would而不用will,即答褰应选D.9. “He will come tomorr

30、ow.”“But I d rather he the day after tomorrow. ”A. will comeB. is comingC.cameD. had come【陷阱】容易误选A或B.根据上文的He will come tomorrow以及下文的时间状 语the day after tomorrow似乎都说明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。【分析】但此题的最正确答案是C.按照英语习惯，would rather后接that从句时， 从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：I d rather you left right now.我宁愿你现在

31、就离开。I would much rather it was forgotten.我更愿这事被遗忘掉。I d rather he hadn t told me about it.我宁愿他没告诉我这事。请再做以下试题(答案均为B)：(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?UV d rather youA. won tA. won tB.didntC.don, t(2) T vetold him about it.”“But rrather youA. didnB.hadnC.D. wouldndon t(3) “He willtake you as well. ”“But r d

32、rather heA.won tB.didnC.D. wouldndoesn t5.All thedoctors in the hospitalinsisted that hebadly wounded andthat heat once.A. should be; be operated onB.were; must beD. wouldn?operated onC. was; should be operatedC. was; should be operatedD.was; be operatedon【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最正确答案选D. insist后的从句谓语有时用

33、khou：d-动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有 时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义.一般说来，假设该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发 生，或尚未成为事实，那么用虚拟语气；假设该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事 实，那么要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题(答案 选B).(1) The patient insisted that he ill and to the hospital.A. wasn, t, wasn, t sentB.wasn t, shouldn t be sentC. shouldn t be, wasn t sentD. shouldn t

34、 be,shouldn t be sentThe man in prison insisted that he nothing wrong andset free.B. hadA. should do, should bedone, should beC. had done, had beenD.should do, had beenI advised that he to the hospital at once, but he insisted thathe quite well then.A. was sent; feltB. be sent; was feelinghe sent; f

35、eelC. should be sent; should feel10. smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A. Was he given upB. Had he given upC. Did he giveD. If he gave up【陷阱】容易误选D.【分析】正确答案应选B.之所以不自继)是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got,这说明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是had given up,而不是 像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有had： should： were

36、等词时，通常可以 省略if,并将had; should： were提前置于句首。又如：Were thev to cease advertising, prices would come dov.-n = If thev were to cease advertising.prices would come down.如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。Had I been there： I would have filmed the occasion f I had been there: I would have filmedthe occasion,如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。【高

37、频考点突破】一、情态动词试题的突破方法：(1)学生首先从整体上把握情态动词的语法和语义特征。(2)逐个学习，了解每个情态动词的用法特征，尤其要熟练掌握一些常用或常考情态动词 的基本用法并认真区别具有相同功能的、意思相近的情态动词的用法。(3)收集并熟练掌握真实的口语材料和近几年高考有关情态动词的试题,在真实的语境中去体会、领悟、印证、掌握情态动词的用法特征和常见考点。二、情态动词的解题技巧：(1)认真审题，结,合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。(2)认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。一Can someone help me?有人能帮帮我吗？

38、I will.我来帮你。(2)与you连用，表示请求。Will you come this way, please?你能走这条路吗？(3)表示规律性的“注定会”。People will die without air or water.离开水或空气人们将会死的。(4)表示习惯或特征。This old man is very strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything. 这 位老人很怪，他会坐在那儿几小时不说话。3. should 与 ought to should(1)表劝告、建议时常作“应当”讲，与ought to有时可互换，

39、。ught to更注重责任 和义务。(2)表示预测可能性，并意为“可能，(按道理)应该”。They should be here now.他们现在应该在这儿。(3)用于委婉、谦逊地提出意见或建议。I should think you are right.我以为你是对的。【例】一I don t care what people think.Well, you A. could B. would C. shouldD. might【答案】c【解析】考查情态动词的用法。答话的人提了一个建议一你应该关注别人对你的评 价的。should可以用来向别人提建议，所以答案为：C【例】This printer

40、is of good quality. If it break down within the firstyear, we would repair it at our expense. A. wouldB. should C. couldD. might【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气用法。前句表示打印机质量好，按道理起初的一年内不可能毁坏， 所以下句提出了一种将来的可能性不大的假设,由此判断为与将来事实相反的假设，用虚拟， 从句形式be to do：动词过去时；should动词原形应选B.ought to(1)ought to表示应该，语气比should强。We ought to help

41、each other in our work.在工作中我们应该互相帮助。(3)要注意把握时间概念。情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经 发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+havedone”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进 行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。例如：Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don t think we it without you.A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manageI), can have manag

42、ed【答案】B【解析】根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排 除A、C两项,再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I don t think, 故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。故答案为B项。三、情态动词用法考点归类考点(一)考查表示推测的情态动词对现在或将来情况推测，用情态动词+do / be / be doing-；对过去的推测，用情态动 词+have done / been-；表示肯定推测的情态动词按可能性大小依次为must, should / ought to, may, might, could；

43、否认推测，常用 can t / couldn t,译为“根本不可 能、“想必不会”，表示推测的语气非常肯定，may not, might not或could not译 为“可能不”、“也许不”，表示推测的语气不很肯定。(1) must表示推测，意为“一定”，只能用于肯定句中。must have done意为：一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。例如：1. Not every prisoner can travel, and we have strict and fair regulations. Those selected have performed .well in the prison an

44、d arre going to be released soon.A. couldB. mightC. mustI), should【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。根据“Not every prisoner call travel, and we have strict and fair regulations.】的提示，说明对外出旅行的囚犯有严格的规定，他们必须在监狱里表现良好， 并且是即将释放的人，因此用must.2. She looks very happy. She have passed the exam.I guess so. It s not difficult after

45、 all.A. should B. could C. must D. might【答案】c【解析】句意为：她看上去很高兴，一定是通过了考试。(2) should (not) / ought (not) to在句中表示根据常规或常识推测,表示“某事应 该或不应该发生”，语气比must或can t / couldn, t稍弱。例如：1. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve.A. mustB. canC. willD. should【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词的用法。此处should表推测，指情理之中的事。句意

46、：你的意思是 只有10张票了？应该有12张。2. 一Have you checked the engine?一Yes, I did twice; there be anything wrong with the car.A. won tB. mustn, tC. needn tD.shouldn t 【答案】。【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：-你检查了引擎了吗？ -是的，我检查了两遍。这 车不应该有任何故障。此处考查情态动词should表推测。(3) can, could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否认句中；can用于肯定句中表示一种 理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，在这种用法中ca

47、n只能与动词原形连用； could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。Yoube hungry already 一 you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldn t B. can t C. mustn t D. needn tShe have left school, for her bike is still here.A. can t B. wouldn? t C. shouldn t D. needn tIt is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometim