语法专题突破专题八并列句和状语从句学案含解析.docx

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1、专题八并列句和状语从句1l),sdo5(-)并列句考点一常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型并列连词并列关系(递进关系)and, bothand not only* but also* , neither nor等转折或对比关系but, yet, whereas, while 等选择关系or, or else, either- or- , not but 等因果关系for, so 等Both Peter and Tom are from South Africa.彼得和汤姆都来自南非。First, my English is very good and I m open-minded and war

2、m-hearted, so I m getting along wel1 with everyone.首先，我的英语很好，而且我性格外向、很热心，因此我和每个人都相处得很好。He tried hard to catch up with his classmates, but he failed.他尽力赶上同学们，但是失败了。The children can go with us, or they can stay in.孩子们可以跟我们去，也可以待在家。He must have been caught in the rain, for he is wet all over.他肯定被雨淋了，因为

3、他浑身都湿了。考点二并列连词构成的常用句型1. and构成的句型(1)祈使句+and +陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后面的句子相当于一个 表示结果的主句)。Work hard, and you will succeed. (= If you work hard, you will succeed.) 努力学习，你就会成功。(2)名词词组+ and +陈述句(名词词组相当于一个条件状语从句，其中常含有more, another 等词)。Another try, and you* 11 make a success.再试一次，你就会取得成功。2. or (else)构成的句型(1)

4、祈使句+or (else) +陈述句。Seize the chance, or (else) you 11 regret.抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。(2)名词词组+or (else) +陈述句。More healthy food, or (else) you* 11 break down sooner or later.多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。3. when构成的句型when引起并列句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚要发生或刚刚完成时， 突然发生另一动作。(l)sb. be doing sth. when 某人正在做某事，这时Last Monday, I was w

5、alking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时我突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。(2) sb. be about to do sth. when 某人正要做某事,这时We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们正打算动身，突然下起雨来了。(3)sb. be on the point of doing sth. when 某人正要做某事,这时She was on the point of goi

6、ng to bed when someone knocked at the door.她正要上床睡觉，突然有人敲门。(4)sb. had just done sth. when某人刚做完某事，这时I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang.我刚刚扫完地，这时电话铃响了。二状语从句考点一时间状语从句1. when, while 和 as 的用法2. before, since 的用法连词含义及用法例句when“当时候”，可与延续性动词或短 暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主 句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发 生W

7、hen you apply for a job, you must present your certificates.当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关 证件.while“当时候”，一般只可与延续性动 词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生Mary made coffee whi1e her guests were finishing their meal.客人们就要吃完饭的时候，玛丽去煮咖 啡了。as“随着”，常与延续性动词连用， 从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发 生As he grew older, he became less active.随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活泼了。(l)be

8、fore表示“在之前：还未就；还没有来得及就”。常用句式： It will be/wasH段时间+ before 要过/过了时间才;It won t be/wasn* t4段时间+ before-没过多久就We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。(2)since意为自以来”，常用句式:It is/ has boend，段时间+ since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行 时。As is reporte

9、d, it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。3 . till/until 的用法till/until用于肯定句表示“直到为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词； not- until/till-表示直到才”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性 动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。If you don t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until

10、 you figure it out.如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。She didn, t start the lesson until the pupils settled down.等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。4 .表示“就”的连词(l)as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly 等The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of haid work, she was filled

11、 with joy.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。(2)在hardlywhen，no sooner- than-结构中,主句用过去完成时，when或than 所在的从句用一般过去时。I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。考点二地点状语从句(where, wherever)where意为“在某个地方”，wherever意为“无论在哪里”。You can sit wherever you like.你喜欢坐哪儿都可以。考点三原

12、因状语从句(because, since, now that等)because意为“因为”，语气强烈，表示事情发生的直接原因。since意为“既然，由于， 语气较弱，表示说话双方都知道的原因。now that则用于已成事实的原因作为前提。Now that you, ve grown up you must learn to stand on your own two feet.你既然已经长大成人，就得学会独立生活。考点四 结果状语从句(sothat，such- that- , so that)so+形容词/副词+ that从句 so+形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数形式+ that从句 .s

13、o+many/much/few/little 少 + 名词+ that 从句He earned so little money that he couldn, t support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+ that从句 such +形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词 + thal从句such+a lot of/lots of+名词+ that从句He is such a learned person that we admire him very much. =He is so learned a person th

14、at we admire him very much.他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。考点五 条件状语从句(if, unless, so/as long as, in case, on condition that)If you cheat in the exam you* 11 never get away with it.考试作弊必予追究。特别提示：条件状语从句常用一股现在时代替一般将来时。考点六 让步状语从句(though, al though, while, as, eveni f/even though)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语

15、从句时，可用正 常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语 或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。although与though都可以与 yet, still连用，但不能和but连用。while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。even if 与even though引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。Young as he is, he does things in a very mature way.尽管他年轻，但他做事的方式很成熟。While I admi t that there are problems, 1

16、don t agree that they cannot be solved.虽然我承认存在问题，但我不同意这些问题无法解决。考点七 方式状语从句(as, as if, as though)The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿了似的。考点八 目的状语从句(s。that, in order that, in case)When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can r

17、ecognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。考点九 比较状语从句(asas, not as/soas, than, the more* the more)You look younger than you are.你看上去比你的实际年龄要年轻。特别提示：注意两种特殊的表示比较的结构： thc+比较级，the+比较级结构。The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.你锻炼得越多就会越健康。A be to B what C be to D 结构。Engines are to machines what hearts ar

18、e to animals. 发动机之于机器正如心脏之于动物。2难点释疑状语从句的省略1 .时间、让步、方式、地点状语从句的省略如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it,而且状语从句的谓语中有be 动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.在北京时，我参观了颐和园。He often makes mi stakes when speaking English.说英语时他经常出错。The woman teacher left the classroom silently as

19、though (she was) angry.这位女老师默默地离开了教室，好像生气广。Though (it was) cold, he still wore a shirt.虽然天气冷，但他仍然穿一件衬衫。2 .条件状语从句的省略(1)在 if it is possible, if it is necessary, when it is necessary 等类似结构中， it is常省略。Come tomorrow i f possible.如果可能的话就明天来吧。Unless (it is)necessary, you d better not refer to the dictionar

20、y.如果没有必要，你最好不要查词典。(2)在虚拟条件句中连词if的省略。在虚拟条件句中，如果从句谓语中含有 had/were/should if可省略，把had/were/should提至句首引起倒装。Were I (=If I were) twenty now, I would join the army.如果我现在二十岁，我就参军。Had you come(=If you had come)yesterday, you would have met her.如果你昨天来，你就见到她了。Should there be(=If there should be)a flood, what sho

21、uld we do?万一发生洪水，我们该怎么办？飞解题策略1 .牢记连词词义并能熟练运用是解答题目的先决条件；2 .牢记固定句式结构，确定从属连词：3 .根据主从句的逻辑关系确定状语从句的连接词。如果主从句是因果关系，则要考虑用because, as, since等；如果主从句有时间先后之 分，则要考虑用时间状语从句的连接词：如果从句为主句的条件，则要考虑用if：如果从句 表示让步,则要考虑用although, though, while等。【典例 1 It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your

22、destination but in the journey itself.解析：根据句意可知，空处前后为选择关系，not- but-结构表示“不是而 是”，连接两个并列成分，符合句意。故填but。【典例 2】 一How long do you think it is since he arrived here?No more than half a year, I believe.解析：“It is +时间段+ since sb. did sth. ”意为“自从某人做某事到现在有多久 了”，为固定句型。故填since。0.易错聚焦一、在写作中往往缺乏并列句意识，主要存在以下两个方面的倾向：1

23、 .机械排列简单句I believe I am fit for it. Im writing to apply for the position.如果我们把意义相关的这两个句子用适当的连词连接起来，可得到下面的句子：I believe I am fit for it, so I m writing to app1y for the position.比较一下，同学们是不是感觉后者要优于前者呢？并列连词的使用可增强句子之间的逻 辑性和美感，使句子之间显得更加紧凑。2 .逗号连接两个简单句I m enthusiastic and easy-going, 1 m easy to get along

24、with and can cooperate well with others.在该句中含有两个简单句，中间用逗号起了连接作用，显然这是不符合英语语法规则的。 我们不妨做如下改动：I m enthusiastic and easy-going, sol m easy to get along with and can cooperate well with others.二、对于状语从句，在实际运动中主要存在以下问题：1 .从句意识缺乏The Expo is very attractive. We are all eager to pay a visit to it.The Expo is s

25、o attractive that we are all eager to pay a visit to it.通过比较不难发现，后句比前句更加紧凑且逻辑性强，增强了交际效果。2 .状语从句成分残缺(误)Please close the doors and windows before leave the classroom.(IE)Please close the doors and windows before you leave the classroom.由于受汉语的干扰，第一句中状语从句中漏掉了主语。3 .连接词误用(t)Teachers and parents should res

26、pect us no matter we are in or outside school.(IE)Teachers and parents should respect us whether we are in or outside school.这两句尽管从汉语角度来看意思相同，但是从语法角度no matter 般后跟特殊疑问词， 而whether可直接引导状语从句。(误)Though he is considered a great writer, but his works are not widely read.(IE)Though he is considered a great writer, his works are not widely read.在让步状语从句中，though和although不能与but连用。