《基础英语阅读》Book 3 Unit 10电子教案 (2).docx

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1、Unit TenObjectives:令 To get to know some basic background of the author, Rachel Carson and some of his works令 To understand the main ideas of the text and summarize it令 To improve some of the basic reading skills like scanning and skimming used for different reading purposes令 To learn to appreciate

2、a narrative piece of writingIL Teaching Emphasis:1. The comprehension and appreciation of Text I;2. New words and expressions:flicker, abundance, migrate, blight, malady, moribund, throb, brood, pollination, spectra, stark, counterpart, reserve, inhabitant, stabilize, hypothesis, in .terms, level of

3、fTeaching Methods: presentation; questions; discussionIII. Teaching Tool: multi-medium.IV. Checking Methods: examination; questions; discussion; homeworkTeaching Procedures: (8 periods)Lead-inMovie Clip1. Quotes1. Movie ClipWatch the movie clip and answer the following questions.1. What happened whe

4、n Jack was working with the drill?The whole shelf was breaking off.2. What would the Kyoto Accord bring to the world economy?It would cost the worlds economy hundreds of billions of dollars.Discussion:Today some people hold that protecting the environment constitutes a net expense to our economy. Wh

5、at do you think of this view? Is there a conflict between the economy and the environment? What shall we do when facing such a conflict if it does exist? Have a discussion with your partner.4. a strange blight crept over the areaA strange pestilence or disease came to the area slowly and quietly wit

6、hout peoples knowing.Creep means “move slowly and quietly”.e.g.We crept into the room in order not to attract attention.Old age is creeping up on her.5. mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickensstrange diseases wiped out / killed off large numbers of chickens. children, who would be stricken

7、suddenly while at playchildren who would suddenly fall ill when they were playingthis stricken world - this world that has been ruinedStricken is an adjective meaning seriously affected by illness, trouble, etc. or experiencing the effects of illness, trouble, etc.The feeding stations in the backyar

8、dsreferring to peoples backyards where they put out seeds or grains for the birds to eatThe apple trees were coming into bloomThe apple trees were beginning to blossom.6. white granular powderreferring to chemical fertilizers and pesticidesComments on the TextThe text, which is taken from the introd

9、uction to Rachel Carsons book Silent Spring is short but forceful. The voice behind it is clear and authoritative, which suggests that the writer has thought about this subject profoundly, therefore she is able to express herself clearly and incisively.As indicated by the title, the passage is writt

10、en in the form of a fable. A fable is a brief tale, either in prose or in verse, dealing with fundamental things in life, often told to teach a moral lesson. People or animals as well as inanimate objects can be the central figures. The subject matter of a fable has to do with supernatural and unusu

11、al incidents and often draws its origin from folklore.The following are some of the characteristics of this passage.1. The content of the whole passage is organized in a pattern of comparison and contrast.1) First the writer sets out all the points with reference to the situation before the use of i

12、nsecticides. She unfolds before the reader a poetic picture of a land of beauty, of plenty and of prosperity, by giving him a detailed description of rich vegetation and wildlife. (Paras. 12)Then she sets out all the points with reference to what it is like after the use of chemical fertilizers. She

13、 presents the reader with another picture, a picture of how the land of milk and honey has become ugly and barren by the detailed description of “a strangeblight” and by evoking in the reader an acute sense of loss in the silence - in the shadow of death and in the near extinction of birds, animal l

14、ife and vegetation. (Paras. 3 -6)She sets out the cause of all these changes and puts the responsibility where it belongs 一 on man himself. (Paras. 7-8)2) She gives us the grave warning in fable form. In other words, the moral is A grim spectre has crept upon us almost unnoticed. It is high time tha

15、t man took action to avert the disaster?9 (Para. 9)The passage is unique in its presentation of the subject matter and in its writing style in the fable tradition.1) The writers strategy is to avoid identifying the real subject matter at the beginning. Her purpose is not just to inform but to convin

16、ce the reader of the serious effects of pollution resulting from the massive and indiscriminate use of fertilizers and pesticides, a problem which most Americans were ignorant of until Carson gave this warning. The writer creates a mystery deliberately and thereby arouses the readers concern as well

17、 as curiosity.2) The opening sentence is an echo of a typical fable which usually begins with “There was once a ”The language is vivid, colourful and descriptive. The reader can easily visualize the beauty of the land and the ugliness of the lifeless community before and after the strange blight.3)

18、There are lyrical touches in some places with the rhythm of poetry.Examples:These too, were silent, deserted by all living things.Even the streams were now lifeless. Anglers no longer visited them, for all the fish had died.2. There are other techniques which are also noteworthy.1) The writer create

19、s some vivid and colourful images by using simple and poetic words. Polysyllabic words do not occur as often as words of one or two syllables, but she skilfully varies her sentence patterns to give interest, variety and emphasis to her account. We can find instances of parallelism, inversion, many e

20、xamples of complicated sentence structures, carefully selected punctuation marks, and a rhetorical question.The following examples illustrate each of these respectively.a) So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells and built their barns.

21、 (parallelisnt)Everywhere was a shadow of death, (inversion)b) Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout .(complicated sentence structure)Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of ch

22、ickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died, (punctuation)c) The birds for example where had they gone? rhetorical question)The writer successfully repeats the concept of blight in her well-thought-out third paragraph. She repeats a key idea in different words, so that the ideas hang together and

23、 the sentences are closely linked in theme.Examples:Then a strange blight crept over the area .Some evil spell had settled on the community; mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens.5. ExercisesAnswer the following questions.1. Why is this passage called a fable?A fable is usually a fictitio

24、us story meant to teach a moral. The writer uses a story of her own invention in an effort to warn us of the dangers of pollution. If man does not control the massive use of chemical insecticides, the imagined tragedy will become a stark reality. This is why this passage is called a fable.2. What ma

25、de the first settlers raise their houses, sink their wells and build their barns in that locality?It was a place of beauty throughout the year. The countryside was rich in vegetation. There was an abundance and variety of bird life. The streams abounded in fish. All these attracted many anglers to v

26、isit the place. And these are some of the factors that make the early settlers make their homes there.3. What are the different words that the writer uses to repeat the concept of blight in the third paragraph?Blight is a plant disease that destroys, withers and prevents the growth of plant life. Th

27、e following is a list of words the writer uses to repeat the key idea “blight”.1. evil spell2. mysterious maladies3. sickened and died4. a shadow of death5. much illness6. new kinds of sickness7. sudden and unexplained death8. would be stricken suddenlyWhat does the colon in paragraph 3 signal to us

28、?The colon in paragraph 3 is used to introduce a series of specific instances to support the general assertion.4. What is the topic sentence of the fourth paragraph? Indicate the key term in that sentence and the words which echo it later in the paragraph.The topic sentence is “There was a strange s

29、tillness99.The key term is “a strange stillness”.The words which echo the key term are:1) without voicesno sound2) silence6. What is the implied meaning of ”. white granular powder still showed a few patches, Its implied meaning is that chemical fertilizers had been used excessively, so much so that

30、 even several weeks afterwards, traces could still be seen here and there.Text II The Nightmare of Life Without FuelNotes1. the bicycles slosh and slidea vivid description of riding a bicycle in the rain: the wheels are all splashed with mudprice of gasoline climbed - way upway is an adverb here, me

31、aning to a great degree or by a great distance; very much”e.g.way over budget; way off baseRationing was introducedGoods are distributed in a fixed portion.3 policemen are back on their beats.The police are back on foot patrols.4. Legs are king in the cities nowadaysWalking is the major way of trans

32、portation.5. nothing will for long ameliorate a lack of foodHere the author means we have no way out if we are short of food supply. For long here means forever”.6. a high infant mortalitya high infant death rateafter their mothers have gone dryhave gone dry means the mothers dont have the capacity

33、to produce enough milk for their babies.7. undernutritiona type of malnutrition caused by inadequate food intake or the bodys inability to make use of needed nutrientsan encumbering menacea grave danger imposed by the large number of those brain-damagedbeasts of burdenan animal, such as a donkey, ox

34、, or elephant, used for transporting loads or doing other heavy workWork, sleep and eating are the great trinity now, and only the first two are guaranteed.Trinity is a group consisting of three closely related things. Here the author means that work, sleep and eating are inseparable in our life. Wi

35、thout fuel, work and sleep are still possible, but food supply is in scarcity.Oral WorkRole-play1. Interaction ActivitiesRole-playCity TransportSituation:Big cities nowadays face many serious problems, among which transport is a major difficulty. Two students of English, Wu and Yuan, are discussing

36、this problem. They hold different views as to how to solve this problem.Sample role cards:Wu: In your opinion, the crowded conditions in big cities will become more serious, which will in turn give rise to greater transport problems. People will never get to work on time. A lot of time, and thus ene

37、rgy, is wasted on the way if one wishes to go anywhere. You think the solution to this problem is to limit the size of the city, by controlling population growth, or by offering attractive jobs in places away from the large cities.Yuan: You are more optimistic about this matter. You agree that the p

38、roblem of transport is very serious, but it is not insoluble. You believe there are many ways to solve it. For one thing, it is possible for citizens to move about in private cars. Mass transport system (public transport as opposed to private cars, etc.) can also be set up to alleviate this problem.

39、 It can be built underground, on the road surface, or even above level ground. It can also be a combinational of all these systems.Expressions that might be used when making proposals:I would like to put forward a proposal that.I would like to propose that.What I propose (suggest) is to .One possibi

40、lity would be to .Ive got a great idea! If.1. Interaction ActivitiesLife in the Year 2050Have you ever imagined what life will be like in the year 2050? Are you pessimistic or optimistic about the future? Fill in the grid with your predictions about the following: 1. Transport and travelFood and dri

41、nk2. Family lifeEducation3. PollutionDiscuss the questions in groups of four. One of you will report to the class the result of your discussion.Suggestions:1. Transport and travelOptimistic view: People might travel with wings that scientists have invented.Pessimistic view: Too crowded. It might tak

42、e several hours to travel from one end of the city to the other.2. Food and drinkOptimistic view: There will be enough food and drink to provide people with adequate nourishment.Pessimistic view: Not enough food and drink to divide among an evergrowing population.3. Family lifeOptimistic view: Happy

43、 and pleasant life in the nuclear family; father, mother and one child.Pessimistic view: Dull and boring, with the family members sitting in front of TV all day long.4. EducationOptimistic view: Higher education for everyone, TV teaching and computerized teaching in every school.Pessimistic view: La

44、ck of interest in schooling; too many distractions outside the school.5. PollutionOptimistic view: Water purified, air cleaned and noise eliminated.Pessimistic view: Water black and foul-smelling; air full of soot and dirt; noise deafening.Guided WritingPrecis Writing1. Paragraph WritingPrecis Writi

45、ngA. Working in groups of two or three, choose the opening sentences from among the following:1. When the first settlers arrived there, the land was full of life.2. The town was located in the heart of America, amid prosperous farms with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards.3. What has happened

46、 to this town that used to be prosperous, colourful and full of life?B. Working in groups of two or three, decide which details should be supplied for the following outline when writing the precis:1. The location of the town, its environment when the first settlers arrivedThe blight, its results2. T

47、he actual situation - grim spectre creeping upon usKeyDetails to be supplied for the outline:3. flowers, bloom, springtrees, colours, autumnsmall animals, fields and hillswinter, birds, berries, seedheads, above snowstreams, troutscene, settlersblight, chickens, cattle, sheep, sickened, people, unkn

48、own diseases, strange silence farms, no chickens, no piglings, no bees, no fruit white granular powder distinctive man-made action4. such a town, not existing communities, all disasters grim spectre, creeping unnoticed, imagined tragedy, realThe reference version.The town was located in the heart of America, amid prosperous farms with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards. Flowers bloomed in spring and trees provided a blend of colours in autumn. Small animals wandered in the fields and hills. Flowers bloomed by the roadside most of the year. Even in winte