学位英语考试复习.docx

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1、学位英语考试复习英文六大基本句型-、主系表1. She is from America 一 Where is she from ?2. The teacher is beautiful 一 How is the teacher ?3. The teacher is my mother Who is the teacher ?How are you ? - I am fine .由以上句子可以看出，主系表句型的结构就是：主语+系动词（be）+表语。主语一般由名词（代词）构成；表语由介词短语、名词、形容词 构 成。要彻底掌握这句话，应该注意两点：其一，要明白系动词be是连接主语和表语的桥梁，写出的

2、句子不能少了be;其二，要明白主语和 表 语的词性，随着学习的深入，以后它变出不定式、动名词、分词等。表语：1、介词+名词（介词短语）2、形容词3、名词-、主谓宾1. I love you .2. Farmesrs grow vegetables .3. Children plant trees .由以上句子可以看出，主谓宾句型的结构就是：主语+谓语动词（do）+宾语。主语一般由名词（代词）构成；宾语由名词构成。要彻底掌握 这 句话，应注意两点：其一，要明白动词do是连接主语和宾语的桥梁，写出的句子不能少了do ；其二，要明白主语和宾语的词性，随着学 习 的深入，以后它变出不定式、动名词、分词

3、等。三、主谓1. Spring comes .2. The accident happened .3. She apologized to me again .4. The teacher listens to the music .5. We looked at the picture .由以上句子可以看出，主谓句型的结构就是：主语+谓语动词（do）。这个句子一般没有宾语，因为二二动词do是不及物动词，不能带宾语。 =如果非要带宾语，要在不及物动词的后面加介词，比方第3句，第4句的apologize to, listent。.要彻底掌握这句话，应注意：动词d。 是不能带宾语的，这种句型中的动

4、词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize, amve ,come ,die disappear ,exist, fall, happen , rise ,等等，如果要带宾语，必须加介词，英语中的一些动词词组就是这么来的。四、主谓宾补1. He painted the wall white .他把E墙:黍成白色。2. We found him an honest person .我们发现他是一个老实的人。3. She found the pen on the floor .他发现那只笔在地上 由以上句子可以看出，主谓宾补句型的结构就是：主谓+谓语动词（do）+宾语

5、+补语。相当于主谓宾，这个句子多出了一个补语，这是因为 有些话光是主谓宾无法完整表达句子的意思。要彻底掌握这句话，应注意：补语的形式,，它可以是形容词，名词，介词短语充当。五、主谓宾宾这种句型中做间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：whether(or not)或if;-不作任何语法成分，但有实际意思(是否)，所以在从句中不能省略which(whichever), 一 做定语(哪一个)，修饰物 who(whoever),做主语或宾语，修饰人 whom(whomever),一做宾语，修饰人 whose(whosever),一 做定语，修饰人what(whatever) 一做主语或宾

6、语， 修饰物when(whenever), 一 做时间状语where( where ver),做地点状语 why,做原因状语how(however) 一做方 式状语how many,做定语，修饰可数名词how much ,一做定语，修饰不可数名词how long,多长,用来表达距离或时间how often ,一表达频率多经常how soon 一多快宾语从句的形式：1 .主谓宾句型的宾语从句：作为名词的宾语扩展成一个be句型或者do句型。He knows the news .He knows that the teacher is in classroom.2 .主谓宾宾一do(vt)句型的宾语

7、从句，把直接宾语变为一个be或do句型。He tells me the news .He tells me that she is a teacher .He tells the news to me .He tells that she is a teacher to me .3 .主谓宾补句型的宾语从句需要it来做形式宾语I find Chinese impoilant .主谓宾补I find that we make a quick decision about this matterimpoilant .主谓宾语从句补I find it important that we make a

8、 quick decision about this matter.主谓形式宾语补宾语从句I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I feel it a pity that I haven， t been to the get-together.我没去聚会感觉非常遗憾。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries .我每天写日记成了习惯4.宾语从句的省略形式：某些形容词后面可以带宾语从句，其形式为sb+be+形容词+that宾语从句：这一类

9、形容词通常是表示人物的心理，情感等状态的形容词如：sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surpriseda. I am glad (that) you helped me .b. I am sure (that) you can pass the exam .1. I am glad of your help .2. I am sure about your exam .分析：上面句子中介词后面所跟成分都做介词宾语。我们完全可以将他们换成lhat+陈述句：1. I am glad of that you h

10、elped me .2. I am sure about that you can pass the exam .从语法上讲，以上的结构都是正确的。但是，由于这样表达过于啰嗦，所以我们可以将其简化，省去介词，由于它们是宾语从句，所以 连同that也可以省略掉，因此，这是一种省略形式的宾语从句。表语从句同样的道理，如果在主系表句型表语的位置上把表语变成一个be句型或者do句型，那么称为表语从句。(1 ) The question is difficult 一 The question is how we make money .主系表主系表语从句(2) The question is that

11、she is a thief.主系表语从句(3 ) The question is that there is a thief in the room.主系表语从句(4)事实是因为每个人 都要生 活 一 The fact is because everyone must live.小结：表语从句的引导词与宾语从句一样，规律与宾语从句一样，只不过称呼不同而已，因此掌握宾语从句以后，表语从句无需特别学习。 但要注意一下几点：1 .不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句(as if例外)。False: The question is if the enemy is marching towar

12、ds us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us 2 . that在表语从句中不可以省略掉。3 .注意比 较That is because 句型与that is why 句型That is because与That is why”之间的不同在于That is because”指原因或理由，That is why”那么指由于各种原因所 造成的后果。例如：1. He did not see the film last night .That is because he had to help his litt

13、le sister with her homework .2. He had seen the film before .That is why he did not see it last night .(第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果)4 .当主语是reason , fact, idea等抽象名词时，表语从句的连接词应该用that.(1) The reason is that he didn t go to school .(2) The traditional view is we sleep because our brain is “programmed“ to make us

14、do so .A. when B. why C. whether D. that答案：D解析：view是抽象名词You are saying that everyone should be equal , and this is I disagree .A. why B. where C. what D. how答案：B解析：从句中I是主语,disagree是谓语，并且disagree是不及物动词,所以从句不缺宾语，故不能选C，应选where做状语。主语从句 主语从句：如果将主谓宾或主系表的主语扩展成为一个句子，称为主语从句：(1) The question is difficult That

15、 she makes money is difficult .主语系表主语从句系表 It is difficult that she makes money .形式主语系表真正的主语it = that she makes money 主语从句的结构：it is that (2) The cat is a fact - That there is a cat in the roomis a fact. It is a fact that there is a cat in the room.形式主语系表真正的主语(3 ) He knows the news 一 That he knows the

16、 newssurprises me Tt surprises me that he knows the news.小结：主语从句的引导词与宾语从句一样，规律与宾语从句一样，只不过称呼不同而已，因此掌握宾语从句以后，主语从句无需特别学习。但要注意两点：1 .主语从句有形式主语It2 .引导词if不能引导主语从句只能用whether (or not)If不能引导主语从句一他明天是否上学还不知道If he will go to school is unclear 一 It is unclear if he will go to school (错误)Whether he will go to sch

17、ool is uncleai- 一 It is unclear whether he will go to school (正 确)3 .以下几点需要注意：It做形式主语和it引导强调句的比拟It做形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连词没有变化。而it引导的强调句那么是对句子某一局部进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可以用连词hat。被强调局部指人也可用who/whom。 例如：It is a pity that you didn t go to see the film .【主t吾从句】It was the football team and I that(who) h

18、elped the old man .【强调句】解析：把It is - that去掉，看是否能构成六大基本句型的句子，如果不能那么是主语从句，如果可以那么是强调句型，此如第一句去掉It is that后变为：A pity you don t go to see the film .很明显不是一个完整的句子，所以原句是主语从句。第二句去掉It is that后变为The foolball team and I helped the old man .这是一个完整的句子，主谓宾句型，所以原句是强调句，顺便解释一下 为什么and I用的是I，而不是me,因为去掉It isthat后可以看出foolb

19、all team and I做主语，而me是作宾语的，所以用I不 用me.4 . (1)主系表的主语从句形式it +系+表+从句It is a fact that 事实是It is natural that 彳艮自 然(2)主谓宾的主语从句形式：让+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+从句(3)主谓的主语从句形式：it +谓语(不及物动词)+从句It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧(4)主谓宾宾的主语从句形式：让+谓语+宾语+宾语+从句(5)主谓宾补的主语从句形式：it +谓语+宾语+补语+从句在英语语法上，习惯上我们所称的名词性从句指的是宾语从句，主语从句和表语从句的统

20、称。名词性从句练习-、判断以下各句哪句是名词性从句，并指出是什么从句。1. China is no longer what it used to be.答：名词性从句-表语从句角军析：no longer what it used to be 是一 句话。2. That the earth turns around the sun is known to all .答：名词性从句-主语从句3. It was snowing when he aiTived at the station .答：状语从句4. How he persuaded the manager to change the pla

21、nis interesting to us all.答：名词性从句-主语从句5. That they had won the gamesoon spread over the whole school .答：名词性从句-主语从句6. It was the football team and I who helped the old man .答：强调句7. That is where Lu Xun used to live .答：名词性从句表语从句8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.答：不是名词性从句解析：这是一个

22、从句套从句，as if在这里引导的句子做状语从句，what引导的句子做宾语从句。所以从大的句子结构来说，该句不属 于名词性从句。9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school ?答：不是名词性从句I wonder why she refused my invitation .答：名词性从句宾语从句二、选择填空1. Do you see I mean ?A. that B. / C. how D. what答：D解析：you是主语,see是谓语，缺宾语，所以这是一个宾语从句。从句I是主语，mean是谓语，

23、缺宾语，应选D。2. Let me see.A. that can I repair the radio B. whether I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radio D. I whether can repair the radio答：B3. Could you advise me?A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read firstC. that book I should read first D. which book I should read fi

24、rst答：D4. She walked up to.A. where did I stand B. where I stoodC. I stood there D. where I stood there答：B解析：stood是不及物动词，D中的there和where都是修饰stood做状语，冲突了 5应选B5. We 11 give you.A. that do you need B. what do you needC. whatever you need D. whether do you need答：C6. He was never satisfied with.A. what she

25、 had achieved B. had what she achievedC. she had achieved D. that she achieved答：A7. they will come here hasn， t been decided yet .A. What B. That C. When D. Where答：C解析：该句为主语从句，从句不缺成分，B虽然在语法上说得通，但是在内容上说不通，应选C做状语。8. It is strange she has left without saying a word .A. that B. what C. why D. how答：A9. M

26、r Zhang said is quite right .A. That B. When C. What D. Whether答：CIt doesn* t matter he* s come back or not .A. if B. whether C. that D. when答：Bleaves the room last ought to turn off the lights .A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who答：C解析：c .无论谁the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is kn

27、own to all .A. Whether B. If C. Whenever D. That答：DThings were not they seemed to be .A. when B. why C. that D. what答：D解析：该句是一个表语从句，并且表语从句的seemed to be中的be是系动词，所以从句却表语，what可以做主语/宾语/表语，应选D 14. The question isA. whether is it worth doing B. that if it is worth doingC. whether it is worth doing D. if i

28、t is worth doing答：CThat s.A. how she did it B. that how did she do itC. how did she do it D. what she did it答：AGreat changes have taken place in that school . It is no longer it was 20 years ago .A.when B. that C. what D. which答：C解析：该句是表语从句，并且从句缺表语，应选C。20 years ago是时间状语。15. I don t know he will come

29、 tomorrow he comes , T 11 tell you .A. if, Whether B. whether , Whether C. if, That D. if, if答：D解析：第一个空是宾语从句，第二个空是状语从句（还未学）。16. I don t doubt he will come tomorrow .A. Whether B. what C. that D. if答：C解析：doubt在肯定句中用whether/if,否认句是that.17. makes his shop different is that it offers more personal servi

30、ces .A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever答：AI think necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .A. that B. this C. what D. it答：DCould you do me a favor ?It depends on it is .A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever答：CThese shoes look very good . I wonder.A. how much cost they are B. how

31、much do they costC. how much they cost D. how much are they cost答：CThe small children don t know.A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings D. what in their stockings答：B解析：C中的where不能做主语，故错误。D缺少谓语，故错误。应选B。注意，B不是疑问句，而是主系表结构Mary wrote an article on the team h

32、ad failed to win the game .A. why B. what C. who D. that答：AThe way he did it was different we were used to .A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which答：C解析：be different from -介词并与-和什么不同，后面 从句be used to也是短语，从句缺宾语，所以用what，应选C 26. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and i

33、t is rough or smooth .A. / B. whether C. how D. what答：BDo you know where now ?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live答：AIt was the teacher taugh me English .A. as B. when C. this D. who答：Dis our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger , more prosperous economy

34、.A. As B. That C. This D. It答：Dr d like to work with is honest and easy to get on with .A.who B. whoever C. whomever D. no matter who答：B解析：介词宾语三、翻译1 .那个在角落的女孩是否能上学取决(depend on)于学费(tuition)It depends on the tuition whether the girl in the corner can go to school .2 .我怀疑(doubt)他明天是否去上学I doubt if/wheth

35、er he will go to school tomorrow .3 .我期望明天不会下雨I don t expect (tha) it will rain tomorrow .4 .你买什么，我就买什么what you buy is what I buy .5 .我在市场上要买的东西就是一辆车It is a car what I will buy in the market .6 .楼窗户旁边的树上站着一只鸟是一个事实(fact).It is a fact that there is a bird in the tree besides the windows .7 .这个问题就是我们到哪

36、里去拿这么多的树木The question is where we go to take so many wood .8 .我认为一朵美丽的鲜花不会死I don， t think (that) a beautiful flower will die .9 .正是在道路上发生了一场战争。It was on the road that a war broke out .定语从句1 .主系表句型一 be(联系动词do)2 .主谓宾一do(vt)3 .主谓一 do(vi)(不及物动词)4 .主谓宾补do(vt)5 .主谓宾宾一do(vt)记双宾语动词一定要记6 . There be (不及物动词do)

37、 一 be(不及物动词)英文的定语有两种，一种是形容词，放在所修饰名词之前，一种是介词短语，放在所修饰名词之后，而定语从句就是相对介词短语来说的， 把作为介词短语的定语扩展成为一个句子be, do1. The lady in the comer is attractive .主语定语系表语The lady who(that) is in the corner is attractive .定语从句站在角落的那个女士很迷人。1. Her father bought her a bicycle .2. The old man is telling the children sotrics .Her

38、 father bought a bicycle for her .The old man is telling stories to the children由以上句子可以看出，主谓宾宾句型的结构就是：主谓+谓语动词（do）+间接宾语+直接宾语。也可以变成：主语+谓语动词（do）+直接宾 语+介词（t。或者for）+间接宾语。要彻底站掌握这句话，应注意：带双宾语的动词。六、谓主状There is a teacher in the classroom .In the classroom , a teacher is there .侄U装- In the classroom , there is

39、 a teacher .最常见的就是初中学习过的there be句型，是一种表达存在的句子。这个句子非常容易被忽视，由于学生惯用的中文表达方式，一提 到“教室里有一个老师”，会直接翻译出“the classroom has a teacher ”，这一点要特别注意。只要表达一种=时间、空间存在某种 事物”就必须要想到there be句型=。定语、状语的位置与作用-、定语是限定名词，只要有名词出现的地方，就可以用定语进行修饰。但英文的定语和中文不同，中文的定语要放在所修饰的名词前面， 比方“美丽的老师”、“红色的鲜花”、“来自日本的老师”。而英语的定语既可以放在名词之前，也可以放在名词之后。如果

40、形容词作定语， 那么放在名词之前，比方beautiful teacher , the red flower ;介词短语放在所修饰的名词的后面，如：ihe man from Japan , the teacher in the classroom二、状语是限定动词的，它经常由副词或者介词短语充当。中文的状语一般要放在动词之前，比方：他努力学习，他清晨学习。而英文的状语 要放在动词之后。比方：He work hard . He studies in the morning .翻译要诀：无论句子有多长，首先按照以上六大句型进行分类，判断你要翻译的句子所属概念，对应6大句型。把主干先翻译出来，再把作为

41、定语和状语的修饰成分填入相应位置。1 . 一个从美国来的老师在树旁边那座大楼的第三层靠近窗户的教室的电脑旁边。A teacher from America is besides the computer in the classroom near windows on the third floor in the building besides the tree .2 .他那慈祥的父亲昨天下午在商场的五楼愉快地给他买了一辆来自日本的崭新的自行车。The kind father bought him a bike from Japan （a bike from Japan for/to him

42、） happily on the fifth floor in the mall yesterday afternoon.3 .在美丽的冰山的一个角落里有大量从四面八方来的黄金。There are many golds from all of the world in the corner in the beautiful frozen mountain.4 .从日本来的老师发现那个美丽的女孩是一个老实的学生。The teacher from Japan finds the beautiful girl an honest student .主t胃宾未卜5 .这里大约有500个学生疯狂地读英语

43、About 500 students read English crazily here.6 .这个人没有钱，他有病。The man is not rich. He is ill .7 .来自美国的英文老师们在从村教孩子们英语The English teachers from America teach children English in the village .1 . The beautiful cat in the corner is attractive .定主语定语系表The beautiful cat which(that) is in the corner is attrac

44、tive .在角落的那只猫很迷人。2 .连词做主语或宾语：who -主语或者宾语，修饰人which -主语或者宾语，修饰物that 一主语或者宾语，修饰人或物whom 一宾语，修饰人3 .关系代词做介词宾语She is the girl who/(whom/that) I talk with .She is the girl with whom I talk .一做with的宾语，用 whom，不能用 thatIt is the cat which(that) I looked for .It is the cat for which I looked . 一 做for的宾语，用 which，

45、不能用 that解析：当介词提前的时候，只能用严格意义上的宾语，所以介词宾语提前的时候，指人只能用whom 不能用who仙at，指物的时候只能 用which，不能用that .Malaria , the world s most widespread parasitic(寄生 虫 弓 I起白勺)disease , kills as many as three million people every year almost all of whom are under five , very poor , and African .解析：很多人在这里可看到of whom后面的are，就会把who

46、m填成who做主语，那这样就是错的。of后面只能用宾格形式。1 .关系代词做定语(whose)，修饰人或物This is the student, whose scorce is zero .这就是那个学生，他的分数是零分I like the house , it, s windows faces the sea (车昔误)I like the house , whose windows faces the sea (正 确)我喜欢这座房子，它的窗户面向大海。I am a teacher , whose father is a farmer .我的(定语)父亲我是一个老师，我的父亲是一个农民。

47、注意：比拟名词性从句与定语从句的连词：that, which , whoseI know that she is a teacher .I know that the girl is singing我知道那个女孩在唱歌。一宾语从句I know the girl that is singing我知道那个唱歌的女孩。一定语从句He tells the old man that she is a teacher. 一 宾 语从句 解析：因为定语从句是修饰名词的，所以这里有很多人会误解这句是定语从句，以为从句是修饰the old man，但是不是的，这句其实是宾 语从句，因为tell是双宾语动词，所以the old man是间接宾语，从句代替的是直接宾语，故为宾语从句。The cat which is in the corner is attractive . 一 定语从句I know which book you buy which 做定语一宾语从句I am a teacher , whose father is a farmer . 一 定语从句I know whose book