2023版新教材高考英语一轮总复习Unit3SeaExploration单元主题训练新人教版选择性必修第四册.docx

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1、UNIT 3单元主题训练I .阅读理解ACoral reefs （珊瑚礁）are an integral part of sea life and sustain it by providing shelter and habitat to various organisms. They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem. However, the

2、rise in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and long-time coral bleaching （珊瑚白化）” events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them.In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted

3、 a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick-starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms. The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the Coral Se

4、a, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The site is noted to have the largest coral reef system in the world.uHealthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places 一 the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish. Young fish concentrate on these sounds when they，re lo

5、oking for a place to settle,n said Steve Simpson, study co-author and a professor at the University of Exeter, UK.By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played. These returning fish are cr

6、ucial for coral reefs to function as healthy ecosystems. Boosting fish population in this way could help to kick-start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage we re seeing on many coral reefs around the world, “ said lead author, Tim Gordon.语篇解读：由于海水温度的上升，深海珊瑚的生态遭到破坏。科学家通过实验研究发现, 在珊瑚礁旁边放置扬

7、声器以吸引海洋生物对于恢复珊瑚的生态卓有成效。1. What causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching?A. Diverse species.B. Noise pollution.C. Fishing industry.D. Climbing temperatures.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，是气候变化所引起的海水温度的上 升导致了这种白化现象。2. What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs?A. Removing damaged coral reefs.B. Usi

8、ng loudspeakers to keep fish away.C. Building new homes for sea species.D. Playing certain sounds to attract fish.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，为恢复珊瑚生态，科学家在遭破坏 的珊瑚附近放置扬声器，以吸引鱼类。即通过播放声音来吸引鱼类。3. Why are Steve Simpson，s words quoted?A. To provide some findings of the study.B. To show the progress of the experi

9、ment.C. To explain reasons for the new approach.D. To give another solution to the problem.解析：选C细节理解题。根据前两段内容可知，鱼儿会离开不健康的、遭到破坏的珊 瑚。为了吸引鱼类，科学家们在这些珊瑚附近放置扬声器。再结合第三段第一句可知，健康 的珊瑚礁是非常热闹的地方，各种海洋生物很多。由此可推知，此处引用这位教授的话是为 了解释在受损珊瑚礁旁边放置扬声器这一新方法的原因。4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The attempts are

10、 in vain.B. Natural recovery is impossible.C. Initial success has been achieved.D. The coral reefs have returned to normal.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，通过用扬声器复制一些声音，部 分死亡的珊瑚礁吸引了更多的鱼类，由此可推知，珊瑚生态保护已经初见成效。BIt seems we can，t get off the planet fast enough. Two thirds of NASAs money is spent on manned space ex

11、ploration, and that number will grow with the USA，s decision to send a man to Mars in 2037. Weve seen all there is to see on Earth, right? Wrong. The final place is here, under the surface of the sea.Heading down into the ocean, human limits are quickly reached. At 200 metres, the water is as black

12、as a moonless night. Most nuclear submarines （核潜艇）would implode （内爆）before they reach 1 km down. At 3 km 一 still less than the average depth of the ocean there，s a good chance that youll discover a new species.The deepest-diving whales go no further.At the very bottom, about 11 km down, lies the Cha

13、llenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. Eighteen humans have walked on the Moon, but only three have seen the Deep with their own eyes.Yet things live down there. Big things. A very loud sound was once heard and scientists suggested that it was produced by an anima

14、l bigger than a blue whale, the largest creature known on the planet.In the late 1990s, a deep-water submarine was dropped in the Southern Ocean, and passing 4, 000 metres, it discovered something huge passing under it. Surprised? Don，t be.The ocean covers 70% of the planet，s surface and weve studie

15、d less than 5% of it. We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.One reason that we explore space is to find evidence of other life forms. The search for life outside of Earth is important, but robots can look under the dry rocks of Mars better than humans. They，re

16、 absolutely important for doing ocean research too, but they cant look under the sea. The cost of exploration is rising, but the results would benefit all our lives. Understanding the oceans will help us find new sources of food, drugs and energy.Perhaps now its time to begin a new period of sea exp

17、loration. Manned exploration of space is science fiction （.I幻、说）. The adventure of the deep sea is science fact.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中讨论了进行海洋探索的重大意义。5. What do the examples in Paragraph 2 suggest?A. Sea exploration is no easy task.B. Nuclear submarines need to be improved.C. The ocean is far deeper tha

18、n people expected.D. The condition under the sea is similar to that on the Moon.解析：选A推理判断题。第二段列举各个深度海洋的情况是为了说明海洋探索不是一 件容易的事。6. What do we know about the Challenger Deep?A. Blue whales live there.B. No one has ever been there.C. People are terrified by the sight of it.D. It is the deepest known locat

19、ion on Earth.解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean”可知,挑战号深渊是地球上目前的最 深的海底。7. What does the author think of the discovery in the Southern Ocean?A. Its surprising.B. Its no wonder.C. Its worrying.D. Its no success.解析:选B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Surpris

20、ed? Dont be.the bottom of the sea.可推测，作者认为南冰洋中可能存在比蓝鲸更大生物的发现缺乏为奇。8. What does the author want to tell us?A. Space exploration is of little value.B. We spend too much money on space travel.C. Humans， success lies in how much they explore the sea.D. The ocean is the place where we should make our effo

21、rts.解析：选D主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段就点明自己的观点：The final place is here, under the surface of the sea,并在接下来的段落中具体论述海洋探索的重大意义。由此 可知，D项概括了文章主旨。H.阅读七选五By the end of the 15th century many things were changing in Europe. The population started to grow more quickly and a new class of merchants came up. They wanted to buy

22、 and sell expensive and valuable products from Asia, like gold, jewels and silk.In those days, people had no refrigerators to preserve their food.9 To make food taste better they used spices, like pepper.10 But in the 15th century the overland passageways were being controlled by the Turkish Empire,

23、 which made it even more difficult for European merchants to pass through. As a result, some European countries, like Spain and Portugal, decided to find out if there was a sea passageway to India.At the end of the 15th century the Portuguese started to explore the west coast of Africa. H In 1487, t

24、he Portuguese explorer Bartholomeu Dias sailed around the southern part of the continent and got as far as the east coast of Africa, but a storm made him turn back. 12 The Portuguese named it the Cape of Good Hope because they were hopeful of finding a passageway to India. In 1497, Vasco Da Gama set

25、 out from Lisbon, sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and into the Indian Ocean. _义He took some spices and gold back with him to prove that he had reached India.A. He reached the west coast of India the next year.B. They dried meat and used salt to make it last longer.C. They set up trading posts an

26、d collected gold and silver.D. On his return voyage, he saw a piece of land stretching out into the sea.E. For centuries Europeans brought these goods on a land passageway from Asia.F. They were convinced that by sailing around it they would find a passageway to India.G. With the help of advanced sh

27、ips and instruments, they started the Age of Exploration.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了欧洲人为了开辟到亚洲的海上通道而进行的海上航行。9 .选B空格前一句谈到了在过去，人们没有冰箱储存食物，因此，本句承接上一句的 内容，为了让食物（肉）保存久一点，人们就将肉风干或用盐将肉腌制起来，应选B。10 .选E第一段谈到了欧洲人需要商品如黄金、珠宝、丝绸以及香料，商人就从亚洲 通过陆路运到欧洲，空格后一句有but转折，谈到陆路逐渐被土耳其帝国控制，导致走陆路 非常困难了。因此，空格处起承上启下的作用，E符合语境。11 .选F本段第一句谈到在15世纪末，

28、葡萄牙人开始探索非洲西海岸。设空处解释他 们为什么要探索这条海上航线，因为他们相信通过这条线，他们能够找到到达印度的海上通 道。12 .选D空格前一句谈到Bartholomeu Dias已经航行到了非洲东海岸，但是他们遇到 了海上风暴，本句承接上文，在他们回航的时候，他们看见了一块突出在海上的陆地。D项 中的return与空格前一句的“made him turn back”相呼应，因此选D。13 .选A空格前一句谈到在1497年，航海家Vasco Da Gama绕过好望角到达了印度洋, 故A项能承接上文。A项中的“the next year与空格前一句的“in 1497存在先后关系， 也暗示了

29、答案。III.完形填空2022 成都模拟 “I have no idea what to get you this New Year,“ my husband Larry said. I 14 with a knowing smile as the same 15 to me in finding him something. 16 we liked remembering each other with gifts on holidays, we had reached the _1_7_ in lives where we didn，t need more things. Actually

30、, we were 18 , clearing out and getting rid of unneeded stuff.Then an online article about schools having to turn away some children from receiving 19 for they had no money to pay attracted me. Lets each give money to the school for our presents,“ I said, 20 the article with Larry. uGreat idea. ItJ

31、s also a _2A_ to pay it forward,n Larry smiled.When our children were small, Larry and I were 22, losing sources of income. During the hard time, we 23 to pay any bill. It wasn，t easy for us to ask for help, as we，d been brought up on principles of 24 . Someone then offered a hand.I visited our loca

32、l elementary school, and explained wed like to help children who couldn，t 25 their lunches. The lady taking charge looked first 26 and then pleased. She accepted our gift of cash with thanks. This will make a big 27 to so many children,? she said.28 there weren，t as many presents in our room, but it

33、 was one of our best New Years.语篇解读：新年临近，作者和丈夫商量，不再为对方买节日礼物，而是把这笔钱拿来资 助当地小学的贫困学子，让他们能在学校吃上午餐。14. A. interruptedB. complainedC. leftD. responded解析：选D根据语境可知，此处表示作者用一个会意的微笑回应丈夫Larry, respond “作出反响，回应”。15. A.relatedB. returnedC. appliedD. appealed解析：选C根据下文可知，作者和丈夫两人都为选礼物发愁。此处表示作者自己也遇 到了同样的问题，即不知道新年该给丈夫买

34、什么礼物。apply表示（对）适用，（对）有效，the same applies to表示”也是一样”。16. A.BecauseB. WhileC. IfD. Unless解析：选B根据语境可知，尽管作者和丈夫喜欢在节日时送对方礼物，但他们已经到 了不需要更多东西的阶段。前后分句之间是让步关系，故用While ”虽然，尽管二17. A.stageB.balanceC. agreementD.edge解析：选A参见上题解析。stage ”时期，阶段二18. A.passing downB.handingoutC. cutting backD.laying off解析:选 C 根据上文的 uwh

35、ere we didn，t need more things v 和下文的clearing out and getting rid of unneeded stuff可知,作者他们在减少东西。19. A.supportB. educationC. booksD. meals解析：选D 根据下文的“who couldn，t their lunchesv可知，一些孩子因为支付不起而吃不上学校的午饭（meals） o20. A.analyzingC. sharingB. praisingD. commenting解析：选C结合语境可知，作者在跟丈夫说话时把自己看到的文章提供(sharing)给了 他

36、。21. A.reminderB. chanceC. promiseD. reason解析：选B根据下文的“It wasn，t easy for us to ask for help Someone then offered a hand”可知，几年前，作者一家曾得到了别人的帮助，所以Larry认为这也是一 个传递爱的机会(chance)。22. A.unemployedB. disconnectedC. sickD. alone解析：选A 根据下文的“losing sources of income”可知,作者和Larry在他们的 孩子还小的时候失业了，失去了经济来源。23. A. mana

37、gedB. intendedC. refusedD. failed解析：选 D 根据上文的 “losing sources of incomen 和下文的 “Someone then offered a hand”可知，作者他们无法支付任何账单。fail ”未能(做到)”。24. A. independenceB. generosityC. responsibilityD. insistence解析：选 A 根据上文的“It wasnt easy for us to ask for help, as wed been brought up on principles可知，作者和丈夫从小都被教导

38、要恪守独立自主的生活准那么，因此对他 们来说向人求助不是一件容易的事。independence 自主，自立”。25. A.cookB. provide C. reserve D. afford解析：选D根据上文的“for they had no money to pay”可知，作者想要帮助支付 (afford)不起学校午餐的孩子。26. A.touchedB. surprised C. excitedD. afford解析：选B结合语境可知，负责人一开始很惊讶(suprised),然后很高兴。27. A.decisionB. priority C. differenceD. push解析：选C

39、作者的捐赠会给很多孩子带来巨大影响。make a difference表示“起作用； 有影响:28. A.ProbablyB. ObviouslyC. GenerallyD. Hopefully解析：选B作者和丈夫为对方准备的新年礼物是帮助贫困孩子，所以他们房间里的礼 物显然没有之前多了，但这是他们最好的新年之一。obviously ”显然，明显地工IV .语法填空2022 珠海模拟 Chinas Wukong, a 1 (full) autonomous submersible(潜水 器)that was developed by Harbin Engineering University,

40、 has reached a maximum underwater depth of 7,709 metres, 2 (set) a new diving record for domestic autonomous underwater vehicles.Wukong returned to its home port of Qingdao, Shandong Province on Thursday after completing 3 third phase of its deep-sea trial.During this year，s deep-sea scientific expe

41、dition (探险)in the Western Pacific Ocean 4 (organise) by the National Deep Sea Centre of China from February 24 to April 1, Wukong had successfully reached a maximum deep-sea diving depth record of 7, 709 metres,5 broke its previous record of 5,213 metres.Capable6 full-ocean depth, it dived 5,000 met

42、resand7,000metresrespectively during the sea trials and retrieved (回收)water samples,layingasolid7 (found)for 11,000-metre submersible tests. This isthesecond8(deep)record in the world after the one set by the Russian Vityaz-DAUV.Wukong, 2 metres long, 1 metre wide and 1. 3 tons in weight, completed

43、two sea trials at a 1,500-metre depth in 2019.Autonomous underwater vehicles 9 (see) as one of the key emerging technologies in future naval warfare. But so far the complexity of this solution 10 (mean) that no country in the world has fielded them operationally.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国哈尔滨工程大学研制“悟空”号

44、全 自动潜水器创下了国内自主潜水器的潜水新纪录。1. fully 考查副词。修饰形容词autonomous要用副词fully。2. setting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语为has reached,和空处 动词无连词连接，所以空处为非谓语动词，且set和其逻辑主语Chinas Wukong之间为主动 关系，所以用现在分词作状语。3. the 考查冠词。修饰序数词third要用定冠词the。4. organised考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语为had reached,和空 处动词无连词连接，所以空处为非谓语动词，且。rganise和其逻辑主语expedition之间

45、为 被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。5. which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行 词record of 7, 709 meters,且引导词在从句中作主语，所以用which引导。6. of考查介词。表示“能够做某事”为be capable of,所以空处用介词of。7. foundation考查名词。分析可知，此处形容词solid修饰名词，表示“基础”为 foundation,且前面有冠词a修饰，应用单数。8. deepest考查形容词最高级。这是继俄罗斯Vityaz-DAUV之后的世界第二深的记录。 所以second后跟deep的最高级形式。9. a

46、re seen考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析可知，句子表达的是现在的情况, 且主语Autonomous underwater vehicles和谓语动词see之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在 时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语也要用复数。10. has meant考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析可知，mean这一动作从过去持续到 现在，有可能持续下去，所以用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，the complexity为主语，故谓语用单数形式。V.应用文写作假定你是红星中学的高一学生李华，你刚刚做了一个关于“保护海洋”的科学课题，请 给英国朋友Jim写信向他介绍相关内容：1 .目前海洋

47、面临的问题；2 .问题出现的原因；3 .解决措施。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；4 .可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：Dear Jim,How is everything going there?Recently, T just have finished my science subject which is about Ocean Conservancy.It is said that our oceans are facing unprecedented pollution. Abundant marine resources are being depleted, and a

48、rtificial waste kills countless ocean lives every year.There are two main reasons for these problems. First of all, the discharge of untreated industrial waste water from coastal industries is the main cause of serious pollution of coastal marine water quality. Second, overfishing in the fishing industry destroys the ocean life chain. Therefore, I think the government should strengthen the supervision of the coastal enterprises and set up the closed season to ensure the fish breeding.Yours,Li Hua