英语语法词汇详解介词on和in的用法.docx

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1、英语语法词汇详解介词on和in的 用法举个简单的例子为什么有时候我们说on the bus”,有时候又说in the bus ?为什么我们可以说hit him in the face又可以说hit him on the face ?He cheat me与He cheat on me两者之间有什么差别？要准确掌握in的用法，还是要从它们的基础词义，也就是这两个词所 代表的空间概念入手。L一件事被另一件事支持或支持。(1 )Its not easy to skate on one foot.单脚溜冰不是一件容易的事。(用脚来支撑身体)(2 ) The man climbed down on a

2、rope made of bed sheets.止匕人 从被单做成的绳子上爬了下来。(用绳子支撑身体)(3 ) He keeps erasing the messages on my machine.他不停地删 除别人在我电话上的留言(信息以电话机为载体)。(5 ) Weve made a couple of changes in your schedule.我们把你 的行程做了一些调整。(6 ) Shes everything Id want in a wife.她具备我心目中理想妻子的 一切。(7 ) The old girl still has a lot of fight in her

3、.这位老妇依然战斗力 十足。3.沉浸在某事中，受某事的影响(里面的东西可以看成一个大容器)。(1) Im in a hurry.我有急事。(2 ) You re in a big trouble.你有大麻烦了(3 ) Lily looked at me in shock.Liy 看着我，很震惊。(4 ) He shouted out in pain他痛得大叫起来。(5 ) Ross shouts and stares in disbelief.Ross 叫起来,不相信地看 着。(6 ) Im just checking to see if the muscles in spasm.我只是在查

4、看是否肌肉痉挛了。(7 ) I found her in tears.我发现她在哭(8 ) I shook my head in protest.我摇头表示抗议。(9 ) He asked in surprise.他惊讶地问。(10 ) She turmed away in disgust.她厌恶地转过身去。(11) Chandler is in his sweats flinging playing cards into a pot.Chandler满身是汗地把扑克牌丢进壶里。(12 ) In reading the story, I felt nothing but victims.读这篇

5、报道的时候，我对受害者只有同情。4.以某种方式。(1) Roger spoke in a low whisper. Roger 压彳氐嗓音说话。(声音)(2 ) His early comedies were filmed in black and white.他的早期 喜剧是黑白片。(颜色)(3 ) He made a bowl in the shape of heart.他做了个心形的碗。(形状)(4)1 had to speak to him in French.我不得不跟他说法语。(语言)(5 ) Do not write in pen on this test.这次考试不要用钢笔了。

6、(工 具)(6 ) She swings the pen around her head in a circle也也摆动钢笔, 让它围着脑袋转圈。(轨迹)(7 ) So then this plane didnt explode in a ball of fire ?那么这架 飞机爆炸时没有起火球？(形状).用在人名或人称代词前，表示主宾之间有一定的关系。(I) Dinner is on me.这顿饭我请。(2 ) Paul knows were onto him.Paul 知道我们正在喃咕他。(3 ) You re still into monica.你还是对 Monica 念念不忘。(4

7、) Its a secret between you and me.这是你我之间的秘密。(5 ) Im behind you.我支持你。(6 ) It is beyond me why they ever got married at all.我不明白他 们当初为什么要结婚。(7 ) Calculus was always beyond me微积分对我来说太难了。(8 ) Hes under amato.他是 Amato 手下的人。(9 ) He is above me.他是我的顶头上司。(10 ) The FBi is after me for fraud.因为诈骗,联邦调查局正在追捕 我。

8、(II) My son nose is from me.儿子的鼻子像我(12 ) It is beneath him to tell a lie.说谎有失他的身份。2、用在抽象名词或具体名词前，表示抽象意义，表示处于某种状态或主宾之间存在某种关系。请参阅以下示例：(III) Tm in a hurry.我很急。(2 ) Im on a diet.我在节食。(3 ) Who is the lady in white ?穿白衣服的聚B位小姐是谁？(4 ) What do you do at work ?你上壬旺干些彳十么?(5 ) I read the newspaper over breakfa

9、st.我边吃早饭边看报纸。(6 ) You can reach me at6609823.你打电话 6609823 就能找到我(7 ) The whole class is in a heated discussion.全班同学正在热烈 讨论。(8 ) We were at the movies我们在看电影。(9 ) I work in fashion ,我在时装业工作。(10 ) Tm gonna be on TV.我要上电视啦!(IV) I was in the shower.我在冲凉。(12 ) Listen, since were on the subject.既然我们谈到了这个话题(

10、13 ) Arent you supposed to be at an audition ?你不是应该去 试镜吗？(14 ) It, s kind of far from work.离上班的地方有点远。(15 ) Just write a letter how great I am, try and keep it under a page, if you can.就是写写我有多好之类的，尽你所能，不要超过一页 纸。(16 ) You just cant walk ou ! on the biL Thats illegal.你不能不 付钱就走，这是违法的。(17 ) I know the id

11、ea of choosing friendship over sex seems like the last thing any guy wants to hear.男人都不愿意听什么要重友轻 色之类的话。(18 )She and Marilyn are eating the food from the restaurant, te 和Marilyn正在吃酒店打包来的食物。上述例子中的介词不再代表原有的空间取向，被新的抽象意义所取代, 但仍能体验到其中的空间感。3.on,ofzin,out,up,down, through等介词通过其空间义转化为形容词 或副词，可与系动词b独立搭配使用，运用更

12、加灵活。请看以下例句：(V) Do you know whas on tonight ?你知道今晚有什么节目吗？(2 ) You re on in two minutes.你两分钟后上场。(3 ) Were off.我们要走了。(4 ) Carol is off for the whole week. Carol 这周全休。(5 ) Tm afraid the wedding is o.恐怕婚礼取消了。(6 ) You re never in when i calI.我每次打电话你者B不在。(7 ) Her night is not in yet.她的航班还没有到。(8 ) Long hair

13、 is in again.长头发又开始流行了(9 )We need to make plans for next week, so are you in or out ?我们要计划下一周的活动了，你会参加吗？(10 ) n the ball hits you,yoiTeout要是球打至!1你，你就出局了(VI) Don you know tight jeans are out ?难道你不知道紧身牛仔裤 已经过时了吗？(12 ) Are the kids stilcpp ?孩子们还没睡吗?(13 ) Is anybody up for a game of tennis ?有人想打一场网球比 赛(

14、14 ) Our computers are down right now so I cant give you an account balance.我们的电脑出故障了，所以我们不能为你提供账户余 额信息。(15 ) We were donn byl7 points at half-time.半场结束,我们落 后17分。(16 ) I need to use the computer when youre through.等你用 完电脑我想用一下。(17 ) As much as i hate to admit it, I think were through.尽管一 百个不愿意，但我还得承

15、认我们的关系完结了。英文介词与中文的区别：1 .中文表达方向的介词比英文少。2 .大部分英语介词被汉语动词取代。反之，可以说汉语中相当多的动 词是用英语中的介词来表达的。3 .英语介词不仅可以表达具体的空间概念，还可以扩展很多抽象概念, 这是汉语偏用动词的语言所不具备的语言特点。(4 ) Do you have a pen on you ?你带钢笔了吗?(身体是钢笔的 载体)。抽象的例子：(1) Granddad lives on meat and potatoes.祖父以吃肉和土丘为 生。(肉是身体的支撑)(2 ) This new laptops works on two AA batte

16、ries.这台断笔记本 电脑需要两节AA电池。(电池是笔记本的支撑)(3 ) Thing got so bad we had to go on welfare.情况太糟了 ,我 们不得不靠福利过生计。(福利是生活的支撑)(4 ) Tax increased for workers on high salaries.高收入员工的个 税提高了。(高收入是个税提高的支撑。)(5 ) Dinner is on me to night.今天的晚餐我请了。(6 ) Hes on the swim team and the basketball team.他既是游泳 队的队员也是篮球队的队员。(7 ) It

17、s hard being on your own for the first time.第一次(不靠 家庭)独立生活是有点难。(8 ) On second thoughts, I will accept the offer.经再三考虑，我 决定接受这个报价。2. 一件事使用另一件事作为工具。（1） on the bus在公交车上（其实就是以公交车为交通工具的意思）（2 ） Hes shouting on the intercom，他在对讲机里大喊大叫（也 就是用对讲机）。（3 ） Hes on the phone all day long，他一整天都在打电话（也就 是在用电话）0（4 ） Yo

18、u cant put your cigarette out on a tree !你能不能在树上 掐灭香烟（也就是用树做工具，想想是否可以用against来代替on ）（5 ） I cut my hand on a piece of glass.我的手被一片玻璃给划破了 （中式说法一般会是 my hand was cut by a piece of glass ）（6 ） Did you make these graphs on a computer ?你是用电脑做 的这些图表吗？（以电脑为工具）。（7 ） Im listening to the news on the rad io.我在听广

19、播里的新闻（通 过收音机播送的新闻）。8 ） I hit my head on the curb and cut my lip on my whistle.我头 撞在路沿上，哨子把我的嘴唇割破了（中式英语可能会变成my head hit on the curb and my lip was cut by the whistle ） 3.表示动作、行为或事物所指向的对象。(1) Shes cheating on me.她对我不忠。(2 ) Shes picking on every detaiI.她对每一个细节都很挑剔。(3 ) Were you planning on kissing me e

20、ver ?你有想过吻我吗?on跟在动词后面表示动作指向的例句：(1) Work on your interview skills.研习一下你的面试技巧吧(2 ) I want to call my apartment and check on my grandma.我 想打电话回公寓看看我祖母怎么样了。(3 ) That is the part to focus on.这是我们应该集中注意力的。(4 ) Stop hitting on her! Is her wedding day !别再调戏她了 ！ 今天是她结婚的日子。(5 ) Monica scores on me. Monica 赢了我

21、一分。(6 ) I hope she throws up on you.但愿她吐到你身上。(7 ) You can just quit on me before we finish the job.你不能就 这样退出了，我们还没完成这项工作呢(8 ) Who are we spying on ?我们在监视谁？ 为了便于理解，我们可以把它分成两部分，一是动词所代表的行为本身, 二是on之后的名词或词，代表行为所指的事物。比如check on my grandma,第一个是check ,意思是check。这个词可以独立 使用，但要解释什么是检查，就必须用on来引导，也就是on之 后的on。我的奶奶

22、on除了直接用在动词后表示动作外，还可以与名词形容词或短语连接,也表示动作或事件所指的对象，见以下例句。(1) Heres a knock on the door.有人敲门。(2 ) Back in high school, I had a major crush on you.还在上高中 的时候，我就对你爱慕有加。(3 ) Theres been some unusual activity on your account.你的帐 户有些不正常。4 )1 wasjust wondering, do you think theres a possibility that you could gi

23、ve me an advance on my tips ?我只是在想，你是否觉得有 可能把我的小贵先付给我？(5 ) He made a move on me他对我采取了行动。6 ) Easy on the door.轻点关门。(7 ) Keep an eye留意看着宝宝(8 ) You can save up to $100 on your ticket by booking early.+ k预订可以帮你省掉100块钱的买票钱。(9 ) Then the vacuum went dead on me.然后这个吸尘器就死火 To(10 ) Moms death has been hard o

24、n the family.妈妈的去世对家 里打击很大。(11) a tax on gasoline 燃油税。(12 ) a book on China 一本介绍中国的书。(13 ) Could you give some advice on what to wear ?你觉得我穿 什么衣服合适？4.表示某事正在发生或者正在发生的过程中。最常见的是以下短语(1) on sale在销售(在促销)(2 ) on a roll连续交好运(3) on fire 着火了(5 ) on show在展示(6 ) on a diet 在节食以上例子中on后面的名词大多是抽象名词，表示某事正在持续进行。 再看以下

25、例句：(1) He is on a coffee break.他在休息喝咖啡。(2 ) What the hell do you do on a real date ?你在一个正式约会 上会怎么做？(3 ) On my way over here, I stepped in gum.在来这儿的路上,我 踩上了一块口香糖。(4 ) I walked in on Joe and Susan kissing in their office.我步入 Joe和Susan的办公宣时，正好撞见两个人在接吻。in的意思：1 .在一定范围内(不超出这个范围)发生了一些事情。(1) Hell be with yo

26、u in five minutes.再过五分钟他就会来见你。(2 ) Im gonna get there in time.我会及时赶至I。(3 ) He was hit in the face.他被打在脸上。(4 ) Ive never tasted alcohol in my life.我一辈子都没碰过酒。(5 ) The truck headed in the direction of town.卡车朝着城镇的方 向开了过去。以上例句都是指时间或空隙范围，比较容易理解，下面一些例句则多为 抽象含义。(1) She ripped the sheet of paper in two.她把纸一

27、撕两半。(是 两半而不是四半)(2 ) Chandler downs his espresso in one gulp. Chandler 一口喝 干了 espressoo (是一口而不是两口或三口)(3 ) China has seen a strong growth in exports these years.近几 年中国出口增长很快。(是指在出口领域)(4 ) Put things in perspective.要正确地看问题。(是在客观范围之 内)(5 ) Wed like to get this in one take.我们想一次过(拍片)。(6 ) Who am I gonna

28、meet in a blackout ?黑灯瞎火的,我和谁约会去？(7 ) In fact,they re not animal.事实上，它们并非动物(在事实范 围之内)。(8 ) In a way, Im a little surprised he accepted the offer.他接受 了这个要约，让我稍感意外(从某个角度)。(9 ) Chander & Nina are locked in a passionate embrace. Chandler和Nin激情相拥。(10 ) He would not have any personal interest in the girl.

29、他不会 对这个女孩有什么想法。2. 一件事是另一件事的一部分(1) Wendys in advertising. Wendy 从事广告行业。(2 ) She wants to be something in cooking.她想在烹饪业闯出点 名堂来(3 ) Do you know in a relationship you have these key moments that you know youll remember for the rest of life ?知道吗?段 感情里总有那么几个时刻你会终生难忘。(4 ) We have absolutely nothing in common.我们没有任何共同