史记平准书拼音版.docx

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1、八书.平准书hdn xing jie qln zhl hudi zhdng fa c6n9 jon IQ kio rud zhuonlkmgxidng zu6 y6 jii Cr汉兴，接秦之坏，丈夫从军旅，老弱转粮饷，作业剧而coi kul z tian zi bu neng jQ jon si dr jiongxiang huC chng nin cho qi min wo zdng gdi财匮，自天子不能具钧驷，而将相或乘牛车，齐民无藏盖。ya shi w6i qln qiGnzhdng ndn ydng gdng ling mfn zhu qi6n yi hu6n9 jin yi jin

2、 yue fo shong jin于是为秦钱重难用，更令民铸钱，一黄金一斤，约法省禁。6r kxi gul zhti 11 zhi mfn xu jf ya y电 yi jf shi wu wfi yftng 归ng tiaomi zhi shi wan而不轨逐利之民，蓄积余业以稽市物，物踊腾案，米至石万qi6nmd yi pl ze bdi jin钱，马一匹则百金。tion xid yi ping goo zO ndi ling jid rdn bii de yi si chdng cho zMng zo shul yi k(in rt天下已平，高祖乃令贾人不得衣丝乘车，重租税以困辱zhi

3、xido hulgdo hou sh( wei tion xid cho ding (0 ch( shong go zhi lu rdn shi jlng zhi之。孝惠、高后时，为天下初定，复弛商贾之律，然市井之zf son yi bii W shi hufin wd 11 liang h lu du gudnydng yi fu yii min 6r shonchufin子孙亦不得仕宦为吏。量吏禄，度官用，以赋于民。而山川yuan Chi shi jing ZU shul Zhi rti Zi tian Zl yi zhi yu feng jun tang mil yi jie gd wd

4、 Si long园池市井租税之入，自天子以至于封君汤沐邑，皆各为私奉ydng yan bii H 用 yu tian xia zhi jing fdi 8。zhudnshan dong su yi 9百 zhdng ddu guan sui bu 养焉，不领于天下之经费。漕转山东粟，以给中都官，岁不gu6 shu shi wan shi过数十万石。zhi xido won shf jla qidn yi duo qmg noi gdng zhu si zha qidn qi wen w6i bdn至孝文时，荚钱益多，轻，乃更铸四铢钱，其文为“半lid ng ling min zdng 出 zi

5、 zhu qidn gii wii zhu h6u yt- yi j( shan zhu qidn fu lid tian 两”，令民纵得自铸钱。故吴，诸侯也，以即由铸钱，富埒天ZI qi hdu Cu yi pan ni deng tong dai fu * yl zhii qidn Cdi gud wdng zh gu Wii子，其后卒以叛逆。邓通，大夫也，以铸钱财过王者。故吴、deng shi qi6n bu tian xid dr zhu qian zhi jin sheng yan邓氏钱布天下，而铸钱之禁生焉。xiong nu shu q(n doo b?i bion tun sha

6、 zhe duo bion su ba zu gi shf dong shi zhe yo匈奴数侵盗北边，屯戍者多，边粟不足给食当食者。于shi mu mf n nng shu jf zhusn sii yu bion zhs bai ju ju6 d。zhi dd shu zhang 是募民能输及转粟于边者拜爵，爵得至大庶长。qi6n bu 出 xfng zhu jun gu6 sua qian zhu qian jie fei xiao zhi shu qi tng san guan r min zhi 钱不得行，诸郡国所前铸钱皆废销之，输其铜三官。而民之zhu qi6n yi shdo

7、ji qi fei bii nengxiandang Wei Zhen gong da jian ndi dao Wei zhi铸钱益少，计其费不能相当，唯真工大奸乃盗为之。bo shl xiong qi Z yd ng / gdo min bkin tion xid zhong jio yi shdng dd di jie yii 900卜式相齐，而杨可告缗遍天下，中家以上大抵皆遇告。du zhou zhi zhi yii shoo fan zhf ndl fen qian yO shl ting wdl zhng jidn fen cdo wdng jf zhi jim杜周治之，狱少反者。

8、乃分遣御史廷尉正监分曹往，即治郡gu6 rnfn qi6nd min cd wu yi yi ji nn bi yi qidn wdn shuti6n do xion shu bdi qing国缗钱，得民财物以亿计，奴婢以千万数，田大县数百顷，xido xidn bdi yu qing zhdi yi ru zhi yii shi shang gQ zhdng jia yi shang da 10 pd mln tou gan小县百余顷，宅亦如之。于是商贾中家以上大率破，民偷甘shi hdo yi bu shi chu zang zhi chdn ye 6r xian guan yfiu yd

9、n 爬 min qian zhi gii ydng yi rao 食好衣，不事畜藏之产业，而县官有盐铁缗钱之故，用益饶yi良。yi gudnggudn zhi zud you fa益广关，置左右辅。cho dd n6n9 ydn 加 guun bCi dud zhi shul hdng yii yi zho ydn tid ji ydng ko 初，大农莞盐铁官布多，置水衡，欲以主盐铁；及杨可gdo mln qi6n shdng lin c6i wti zh6ng 丽 ling shul h boi li6n9 tdi高十余丈，旗帜加其上，甚壮。于是天子感之，乃作柏梁台，gdo shu shi

10、 zhdng gftng shi zhi xiu yrtu cl ri 11高数十丈。宫室之修，由此日丽。ndi fin min qian zho gudn dr shul h6ng shoo fo dd n6ng tdi pO gd zhi rkngguan乃分缗钱诸官，而水衡、少府、大农、太仆各置农官,wdngwdng jl jun xidn bi mdi rti ti6n tian zhi qi mdi rti no bi fen zho yudnydng gdu md qln sh6u往往即郡县比没入田田之。其没入奴婢，分诸苑养狗马禽兽,jl ya zho gudn zho gudn

11、yi z6 zhi duA to no bl zhbng er xio h cao du si boi won shf及与诸官。诸官益杂置多，徒奴婢众，而下河漕度四百万石，jl guan zi di ndi za及官自汆乃足。SU6 zhong ydnShi jid Zl di fu ren hud dou ji Z6U gftu md yi lie b6 Xi luan所忠言：“世家子弟富人或斗鸡走狗马，弋猎博戏，乱qi mfnndi zheng zhu fan ling xiang yi n shu qian r6n mi ng yue zhu song tuhi cai zh0齐民。”乃

12、征诸犯令，相引数千人，命日“株送徒”。入财者tu 16ng 16ng xudnshuai yi得补郎，郎选衰矣。shl shf sMndong bei h6 zdi ji sui ba deng shii nldn ren hud xiong shf fang yi br qion是时山东被河灾，及岁不登数年，人或相食，方一二千11 tian zl li6n zhi zhao yuft jiflng ndn hu6 gngshu1 n6u ling ji mln W lid jiu shi jidng hu6i里。天子怜之，诏日：“江南火耕水耨，令饥民得流就食江淮jian yu liu lis

13、 chuqidn shl guan gdi xiang shu yd ddo hu zhi xia ba sho Su yi zhen间，欲留，留处。”遣使冠盖相属于道，护之，下巴蜀粟以振zhi之。qf ml ng nidn tidn zl shl xUn jdn gu, dftng dii h h dongshdu bu yi xtng zhi bii其明年，天子始巡郡国。东度河，河东守不意行至，不bion zi shd xing xl yti Iftng Iftng xl shftu yi xingwdng cii tifin zl c6ng gudn bu 出 shf 辨，自杀。行西逾陇

14、，陇西守以行往卒，天子从官不得食，16ng xi shdu zi sha yd shi shang bdi chu xiao guanc6n9 shu wan qi lid xin qin zhong yi Ie陇西守自杀。于是上北出萧关，从数万骑，猎新秦中，以勒bian bing 6r gui xin qin zhong hud qian 11 wii ting jido yu shi zhu bei di tai sh6u yi xia dr边兵而归。新秦中或千里无亭徼，于是诛北地太守以下，而ling min d。 xii mu bian xidn guan jid md mu san s

15、ui 6r ui ji xi shdn yi yi chu do令民得畜牧边县，官假马母，三岁而归，及息什一，以除告min ydnqchdnn ri-n xin qfnzh6nH缗，用充仞新秦中。ji 出 boo ding h houMi yi cf g6ngqing yi feng shon shi 6r tian xid jun既得宝鼎，立后土、太一祠，公卿议封禅事，而天下郡gU6 jie yii zhi daO qiaO Shan gu gong ji dang Chf daO Xian Xian Zhi guan Chu She gong ju国皆豫治道桥，缮故宫，及当驰道县，县治官储

16、，设供具，6r Wang yi dai Xing而望以待幸。qf ml ng nidn ndn yu6 fdn xi qidng qtn bbn wei jie yd shl tion zl wdi shdndong bu shon其明年，南越反，西羌侵边为桀。于是天子为山东不赡，she tian xid qiu yin ndn fang I6u chu6n cii &r shf yu wan rn ji non yu& shii won ran fa son h6赦天下囚，因南方楼船卒二十余万人击南越，数万人发三河yi xi qi ji xi qiang you shu wan r4n du

17、 hd zhu ling ju chu zhi zhang ye jiu quan jun以西骑击西羌，又数万人度河筑令居。初置张掖、酒泉郡，6r shang junshuo fangxi he h6 xi kai tian guan chi sai cu liu shf wan ren shii tian zhi而上郡、朔方、西河、河西开田官，斥塞卒六十万人戍田之。zhong gu6 shan dao kui liGng yudn zh san qian jin zh& qian yu H jie yd ng 9 所 da n6ng bion bi ng 中国缮道馈粮，远者三千，近者千余里，

18、皆仰给大农。边兵bu Zu Ml fa Wu kii gdng guan bi ng qi yi shan Zhi che qi md fd juA xian guan qidn shdo不足，乃发武库工官兵器以赡之。车骑马乏绝，县官钱少，mdi md ndn de ndi zhe ling ling feng jun yi xia zhi san bdi shi yl shang 11 yi cha chu pin买马难得，乃着令，令封君以下至三百石以上吏，以差出牝md tian xid tinn ting you chumd sui kd xi马天下亭，亭有畜衿zi马，岁课息。qf xid

19、ng bo shi shang shu yu&chdn w6n zhn ydu chan ra ndn yu3 fan ch6nyudn fu zi齐相卜式上书日：“臣闻主忧臣辱。南越反，臣愿父子ya qi Xf chudn zhf Wdng si Zhitian Zi Xid zhdo yuebo shi sui gong geng milbii yi与齐习船者往死之。”天子下诏日：“卜式虽躬耕牧，不以wdi li y6u yu zh。zhu xian guan zhi y6ngjin tian xia bu xing yfiu ii dr shi fen yuan fu zi为利，有余辄助

20、县官之用。今天下不幸有急，而式奋愿父子si zhi sui wci zhan ke wt-i yi xinq yu ndi ci ju6 guan ndi h6u jin liii shi jin tidn shi死之，虽未战，可谓义形于内。赐爵关内侯，金六十斤，田十qing bu go tian xid tidn xid md yins 侦 h6u yi bai shu jid md qio cdng jfln ji qidng 顷。”布告天下，天下莫应。列侯以百数，皆莫求从军击羌、yuG zhi zhi jian jun gu6 dud bu bian xian guan zuo ydn

21、爬 tie qi ku 爸 jid ui式既在位，见郡国多不便县官作盐铁，铁器苦恶，贾贵，huo qidnM linn min mdi mfii zhi dr chuon you suan shang zh。shdo wii nul ndi yin k6ng jin ydn chudn 或强令民卖买之。而船有算，商者少，物贵，乃因孔仅言船sudn shi shdng you shi bCi yu6 bo shi算事。上由是不悦卜式。han lidn bi ng san sui zhu qiang mid ndn yue fan yti yi xi zhi sha ndn zhd zhi chu

22、 jun汉连兵三岁，诛羌，灭南越，番禺以西至蜀南者置初郡shi qi qid yi qi gu su zhi wti fii shui ndn yang han zhong yi wdng jiin g6 yi di十七，且以其故俗治，毋赋税。南阳、汉中以往郡，各以地bl aci cha jun II cu fdna shi bl wii chudn chc- md bii ju 0r chu jun shi shi xido fdn sha比给初郡吏卒奉食币物，传车马被具。而初郡时时小反，杀11 hdn fd ndn fdng 11 cO wang zho zhi jifin sui wdn

23、 yO rCn fdi jie yong 醛i dd ndng dd吏，汉发南方吏卒往诛之，间岁万余人，费皆仰给大农。大n6ng yi jon sha dido ydn 狡 zhu to gO nengshan zhi rdn bing su6 gud xidn w6i yi zi g$i wd 农以均输调盐铁助赋，故能赡之。然兵所过县，为以誉给毋fd 6r yi bu gdn ydn shdn fo fd yl乏而已，不敢言擅赋法矣。qf mi ng nidn yun feng yudn nian bo shi bidn zhi wdi tai zi tai fu 6r sang h5ng

24、yang wdi其明年，元封元年，卜式贬秩为太子太傅。而桑弘羊为Zhi Su du Wei ling da n6ng jin doi jin tian xia yon ti 占h6ng yd ng yi Zhu guon ge Zi shi治粟都尉，领大农，尽代仅第天下盐铁。弘羊以诸官各自市，xiang yu zheng wu gii Ung yue Or tian xia fu shu huo bu chdng qi jiu fei ndi qing zhi do ndny相与争，物故腾跃，而天下赋输或不偿其僦费，乃请置大农M chdriq shii shi rc-n fen bu zhu

25、jun gu6 gd wdngwdng xiin zhi ion shu yan tic guan hnj yuan fang部丞数十人，分部主郡国，各往往县置均输盐铁官，令远方gd yi qi wii gul shi shdng gQ sud zhudn fdn zhe wei fu dr xidnggudn sho zhi pingzhon yO jing shi各以其物贵时商贾所转贩者为赋，而相灌输。置平准于京师,dru shdu tion xid wGi sho zhdo gong guan zhi chr zhn qi jie yong 9由 dd ndng dd n4n9 zhi

26、zho guan 都受天下委输。召工官治车诸器，皆仰给大农。大农之诸官jin ling tion xid zhi hS wii gul jf mdi zhi jidn zC moi zhi rt cl 10 stwng 出 gO wu 尽笼天下之货物，贵即卖之，贱则买之。如此，富商大贾无sud m6u dd 11 zG fdn bon r wdn wu bii 出 ting ycng 90 yi tian xid wu mfng yu6 ping 所牟大利，则反本，而万物不得腾踊。故抑天下物，名日“平zhuntidn zi yi wei r6nxa zhi yu shi tian zi bdi

27、 zhi shuo fang dong dao tai shan准”。天子以为然，许之。于是天子北至朔方，东到太山，xun hdi shangbi ng bi bian yi gut sub gud shdng ci ydng b6 bdi yu wan pi qian jin yi ju巡海上，并北边以归。所过赏赐，用帛百余万匹，钱金以巨wan jl jie qu zii da ndnu zhi shi fin ning zfi zhftngxidng xu xidn b0n chu mo道唐虞之际，诗述殷周之世，安宁则长庠序，先本细末， yi II yi fang yu 11 shi bi

28、an duo gu 6r yi fan shi shi yi 硒 sheng zi shuai shi jf dr 以礼义防于利；事变多故而亦反是。是以物盛则衰，时极而zhudn yi zhi yi w6n zh6ng shi zhi bian yfyG gong jia zhou ge yin qi tQ di su6转，一质一文，终始之变也。禹贡九州，各因其土地所yir6n min su。duo shdo 0r nd zhi yan tang wu cheng bi yi bian shi min bu juan ge jing宜，人民所多少而纳职焉。汤武承毙易变，使民不倦，各兢jins

29、sue yi wci zhi dr shao linq chi shuai wei qi hudng6nHybnn qudnzhbng zhi mdu tdna qinijzhun bins hfii ndi yii xia zhi bi jin w6i san pin huo huang灭世。以至于秦，卒并海内。虞夏之币，金为三品，或黄，huo bai huo chi hud qidn hud bu hud dao hud gui bei ji Zhi qin zhong yi 9U6 Zhi战自，最赤；最钱，晟希,战力，戢施贝。友室梁，吊一亩之bi wd er dong huang jin

30、 yi yi min w?i shdng bl16ng qian shi yuc- ban lidng zh6nH nl qi wen币为二等，黄金以溢名，为上币；铜钱识曰半两，重如其文，wci xid bl dr zha yu gul bdi yin xi zhi sho wci qi shi bdo zdno bu w6i bl rdn 96为下币。而珠玉、龟贝、银锡之属为器饰宝臧，不为币。然各sul shi 6r qingzhdna wU chong yii shi wdi rang yl dfnd xi ng gong y6 hdi nd zhi shi 11 geng随时而轻重无常。

31、于是外攘夷狄，内兴功业，海内之士力耕bu zU lid ng xidngnO zi fdng ji bu zO yi fO gO zh* chang jie tion xid zhi zi edi yl fang qi不足粮饷，女子纺绩不足衣服。古者尝竭天下之资财以奉其shdng y6u zl yf wt?i bu zu yG wn yl go yOn shi shi zhi liu xiong jf shi rdn h上，犹自以为不足也。无异故云，事势之流，相激使然，曷za guoi ydn定怪需。xido jing shf shdng jun y xi han y fu xiu mdi j

32、u6 ling dr jidn qf jid yi zhaomin孝景时，上郡以西旱，亦复修卖爵令，而贱其价以招民；ji tu fu zud a Shu SU xian guan yi chu zui yi zdo yuan rnd yi gudngydng 6r gong shi lie及徒复作，得输粟县官以除罪。益造苑马以广用，而宫室列guan yu md yi Zeng xiu yf观舆马益增修矣。zhl jin shdng jl wdi shii sul hdn xfng qi shf ya nihn zhi jidn gu) jid wu shl fei yO至今上即位数岁，汉兴七十

33、余年之间，国家无事，非遇shui hdn zhi zdi min z Mn 9凶 jid zn ddu bi Un y(i jid man 6r ffi ku yii hud c6i 水旱之灾，民则人给家足，都鄙縻庾皆满，而府库余货财。jing shi zhi qi6n Idi jii wan guan xi 口 dr bu kd xiao tai Cang Zhi Sil Chen Chen xiang yin Chong yi 京师之钱累巨万，贯朽而不可校。太仓之粟陈陈相因，充溢lu ji yii wai zhi fu bai bu kd shi zhdng shu jie xiang y

34、du md qian mo zhi jian chdng qun露积于外，至腐败不可食。众庶街巷有马，阡陌之间成群,?r chdriH zl pinzhc bin dr bu d? jii hui sh6u 10 van zhG shi lidnq rdu w6i 11 zhc- zhdng而乘字牝pin者候而不得聚会。守闾阎者食粱肉，为吏者长zi son jo fludn zh6 yi wei xlng hdo 9cl rdn rdn zi di Or zhdng fdn fo xidn xinq yl 0r hdu子孙，居官者以为姓号。故人人自爱而重犯法，先行义而后cha chi rO y

35、on dong cl zhi shl wo ng sho er mln fti yl c5i jiao yl hu zhl jion bl ng hdo细耻辱焉。当此之时，网疏而民富，役财骄溢，或至兼并豪dng zhi tu yl wo dudn yO xiong qo zong shi ydu to 90n9 qi ng doi fu yl xid zhong yii sho chi党之徒，以武断于乡曲。宗室有土公卿大夫以下，争于奢侈，shi lu yd fii jidn yu shdng wo xion du wij shdng 6r shuai gu qf bi An yi-室庐舆服僭于

36、上，无限度。物盛而衰，固其变也。zl shl zhi hbu yan zhu zho mdi chdn dnn zhao Idi dons 6u shi lidn yu6 jid% hudi zhi自是之后，严助、朱买臣等招来东瓯，事两越，江淮之jion xido rdn f6n fdi yi t6ngmc-ng si md xiang nl kdi lii xi ndn yi zdo shdn xln ddo qiun yu间萧然烦费矣。唐蒙、司马相如开路西南夷，凿山信道千余Il yl guong bo sho bo sho zhi min bd yon png wU jio mi chdo

37、 xion zhl cong hoi zhi jOn里，以广巴蜀，巴蜀之民罢焉。彭吴贾灭朝鲜，置沧海之郡，ze ydn qi zhl jidn mi rdn fd d6ng j( w6ng huf she rr)6u md yi xiong no ju6 he qin qin rdo则燕齐之间靡然发动。及王恢设谋马邑，匈奴绝和亲，侵扰bi bion bi ng li6n 6r bu ji苍 tian xid kG qi ho 6r gon ge ri zi xi ng zh0 ji ju zhc北边，兵连而不解，天下苦其劳，而干戈日滋。行者赍，居者Song Zhong Wdi SaO rdo

38、cr xiang feng bdi xi ng huai yl qido fd Cdi lu shudi 6r bu shan送，中外骚扰而相奉，百姓玩坏以巧法，财赂衰耗而不赡。nj wu zhd bu guan chu hud zhd chu zui xudn ju ling chi lidn chi xiangmaowu li jin ydn入物者补官，出货者除罪，选举陵迟，廉耻相冒，武力进用,fd yan ling jii xinq h zhl chcn zi cl shl yd法严令具。兴利之臣自此始也。qi hdu han jiang SU1 yi Shu wan qf Chu ji

39、 hu ji Che qi jiang jun Wei qing qu Xiong nu he其后汉将岁以数万骑出击胡，及车骑将军卫青取匈奴河ndn di zhu shuo fang dang shl shi han tong xf nan yf dao zud zhd shu wan mn qian H fu南地，筑朔方。当是时，汉通西南夷道，作者数万人，千里负dan kui Iio ng16 shi yu zh6ng zhi yi shi san bi yu qi6ngyi ji zhi shu sui dao bii tong担馈粮，率十余钟致一石，散币于邛莫以蕖之。数岁道不通，man

40、yi yin yi shu 96nq II fa bl ng zhu zhi xl ba shu zu fii bu zU yi zhi ndi mu蛮夷因以数攻，吏发兵诛之。悉巴蜀租赋不足以更之，乃募hdo mtn tidn ndn yi rd su xidn guan 6r nd shdu qiun yii dou ni-i ddng zhi cung hoi zhi jin豪民田南夷，入粟县官，而内受钱于都内。东至沧海之郡，r6n tu zhi 他i ni yu nan yi y6u xing sht wdn yii Mn zh(i wi-i shu6 fang zhuon cdo sh

41、dn Ii6o yudn人徒之费拟于南夷。又兴十万余人筑卫朔方，转漕甚辽远，zl shon(kng xidn bd qi Ido健i shii shl bdi jo wdn fo kO yi xo nd! mo min n6n9 rti nu自山东咸被其劳，费数十百巨万，府库益虚。乃募民能入奴bi yf zhftngshn fii wd Idng zfing zhi jf yd ng w(M 16 ngshi yd cl婢得以终身复，为郎增秩，及入羊为郎，始于此。qf h6u si nidn dr hdn qian dd jidng jidng liCi jidng jon jon shl y

42、ii wdn ji you xidn w4n9其后四年，而汉遣大将将六将军，军十余万，击右贤王，hu：i sh6u 10 wdn wO qion jf mingnidn d6 jiong jon jiong liO jiang jon Mng zdi ch。ji ho dd shw 获首虏万五千级。明年，大将军将六将军仍再出击胡，得首10 wdn ji。qion jf bo zhdnshftu 10 zhi shi shdu ci hudng jin Gr shl yd won jin 10 shu wdn en 虏万九千级。捕斩首虏之士受赐黄金二十余万斤，虏数万人jift hdu shdng yi shf yd ng gfii xidn gudn 6r hdn jon zhi shi mfi si zhf shi yii won bi ng jid皆得厚赏，衣食仰给县官；而汉军之土马死者