2022年6月六级真题 (第二套）.docx

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1、2022年6月六级真题（第二套）Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between teachers and students. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II

2、Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four uestions. Both the conversation and the uestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a uestion, you must choose the best answer fro

3、m the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.uestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) She advocates animal protection.C) She is going to start a cafe chain.8) She sells a special

4、 kind of coffee.D) She is the owner of a specialcafe.2. A) They bear a lot of similarities.C) They cater to different customers.evaporate. They can recover from months and years without water, depending on the species.G What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick Seedsalmost all of them. At the s

5、tart of her career, Farrant studied recalcitrant seeds （顽拗性种子）/such as avocados, coffee and lychee. While tasty, such seeds are delicate一they cannot bud and grow if they dry out （as you may know if youve ever tried to grow a tree from an avocado pit）. In the seed world, that makes them rare, because

6、 most seeds from flowering plants are uite robust. Most seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout （发芽）.Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.H After compl

7、eting her Ph.D. on seeds, Farrant began investigating whether it might be possible to isolate the properties that make most seeds so resilient （迅速恢复活 力的）and transfer them to other plant tissues. What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in res

8、urrection plants response to dryness. Many of them are the same that regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent plants. Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seedbuilding genes in resurrection plants一and how to reprod

9、uce them in crops. Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes,“ Farrant says, Were looking at gene promoters and what would be their master switch/川 Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which switches to throw, they will have to find the best way to do so in useful

10、 crops. Tm trying three methods of breeding/ Farrant says: conventional, genetic modification andgene editing. She says she is aware that plenty of people do not want to eat genetically modified crops, but she is pushing ahead with every available tool until one works. Farmers and consumers alike ca

11、n choose whether or not to use whichever version prevails: Tm giving people an option. P Farrant and others in the resurrection business got together last year to discuss the best species of resurrection plant to use as a lab model. Just like medical researchers use rats to test ideas for human medi

12、cal treatments, botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse setting to test their ideas for related species. The ueensland rock violet is one of the best studied resurrection plants so far, with a draft genome （基因图谱）published last year by a Chinese team. Also last ye

13、ar, Farrant and colleagues published a detailed molecular study of another candidate, Xerophyta viscosa, a tough-as-nail South African plant with lily-like flowers, and she says that a genome is on the way. One or both of these models will help researchers test their ideas-so far mostly done一 on tes

14、t plots.K Understanding the basic science first is key. There are good reasons why crop plants do not use dryness defenses already. For instance, there5s a high energy cost in switching from a regular metabolism to an almost-no-water metabolism. It will also be necessary to understand what sort of y

15、ield farmers might expect and to establish the plants safety. The yield is never going to be high,“ Farrant says, so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to sueeze more cash out of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one

16、in South Africa. My vision is fbr the subsistence farmer,z， Farrant says. Tm targeting crops that are of African value/36. There are a couple of plants tough and adaptable enough to survive on bare rocky hills and in deserts.37. Farrant is trying to isolate genes in resurrection plants and reproduce

17、 them in crops.38. Farmers in South Africa are more at the mercy of nature, especially inconsistent rainfall.39. Resurrection crops are most likely to be the choice of subsistence farmers.40. Even though many plants have developed various tactics to cope with dry weather, they cannot survive a prolo

18、nged drought.41. Despite consumer resistance, researchers are pushing ahead with genetic modification of crops.42. Most seeds can pull through dry spells and begin growing when conditions are ripe, but once this process starts, it cannot be held back.43. Farrant is working hard to cultivate food cro

19、ps that can survive extreme dryness by studying the traits of rare wild plants.44. By adjusting their metabolism, resurrection plants can recover from an extended period of drought.45. Resurrection plants can come back to life in a short time after a rainfall.Section CDirections: There are 2 passage

20、s in this section. Each passage is followed by some uestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage Oneuestions 4

21、6 to 50 are based on the following passage.Human memory is notoriously unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facialrecognition skills can only remember so much.Its tough to uantify how good a person is at remembering. No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example,

22、but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands一based on the number of acuaintances a person might have.Machines arent limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees一then recognize a face its told to find一with remarkable speed and precisio

23、n. This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. Its also what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understa

24、nd what those constraints are. To begin to figure out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces-they call it MegaFace一and tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms （算 法 ）as they scaled up in complexity. The idea was to test

25、the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700, 000 different people一and not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with whats been used in other research.As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped ac

26、ross the board. Algorithms that were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13, 000-image database, for example, were accurate about 70% of the time when confronted with 1 million images. Thats still pretty good, says one of the researchers. Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman.“Much better than

27、we expected/7 sheMachines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike一either doppelgangers (长相极相彳以的人)，whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom the mac

28、hine would incorrectly view as separate people.“Once we scale up, algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same time invariant to lighting, pose, age/ Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.The trouble is, for many of the researchers whod like to design systems to address these cha

29、llenges, massive datasets for experimentation just dont existat least, not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers. Training sets like the ones Google and Facebook have are private. There are no public databases that contain millions of faces. MegaFace9s creators say its the largest p

30、ublicly available facial-recognition dataset out there.“An ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in a dataset,z， the researchers wrote.46. Compared with human memory, machines can.A) identify human faces more efficiently C) store an unlimited number of human face

31、sB) tell a friend from a mere acuaintanceD) perceive images invisible to thehuman eye47. Why did researchers create MegaFaceA) To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition database.B) To increase the variety of facial-recognition software.C) To understand computers5 problems with facial recogniti

32、on.D) To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms.48. What does the passage say about machine accuracyA) It falls short of researchers5 expectations.B) It improves with added computing power.C) It varies greatly with different algorithms.D) It decreases as the database size increases.4

33、9. What is said to be a shortcoming of facial-recognition machinesA) They cannot easily tell apart people with near-identical appearances.B) They have difficulty identifying changes in facial expressions.C) They are not sensitive to minute changes in peoples mood.D) They have problems distinguishing

34、 people of the same age.50. What is the difficulty confronting researchers of facial-recognition machinesA) No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human faces.B) There do not exist public databases with sufficient face samples.C) There are no appropriate algorithms to process the face sa

35、mples.D) They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format.Passage Twouestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.There5re currently 21.5 million students in America, and many will be funding their college on borrowed money. Given that theres now over $1.3 trillion in student

36、 loans on the books, its pretty clear that many students are far from sensible. The average students debt upon graduation now approaches $40,000, and as college becomes ever more expensive, calls to make it ftee are multiplying. Even Hillary Clinton says that when it comes to college, Costs wont be

37、a barrier. But the only way college could be free is if the faculty and staff donated their time,the buildings reuired no maintenance, and campuses reuired no utilities. As long as its impossible to produce something from nothing, costs are absolutely a barrier.The actual uestion we debate is who sh

38、ould pay for people to go to college. If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans, shouldnt they have a say in how their money is usedAt least taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study on the public dime. If were going to force taxpayers to foot the bill fbr colleg

39、e degrees, students should only study those subjects thafre of greatest benefit to taxpayers. After all, students making their own choices in this respect is what caused the problem in the first place. We simply dont need more poetry, gender studies, or sociology majors. How do we know which subject

40、s benefit society Easy.Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have. Certainly, there5re benefits to a college major beyond the job a student can perform. But if were talking about the benefits to society, the only thing that matter

41、s is what the major enables the student to produce for society. And the value of what the student can produce is reflected in the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it.A low wage for elementary school teachers, however, doesnt mean elementary education isnt important. It simply

42、 means there5re too many elementary school teachers already.Meanwhile, there5re few whore willing and able to perform jobs reuiring a petroleum engineering major, so the value of one more of those people is very high.So we can have taxpayers pick up students tuition in exchange fbr dictating what th

43、ose students will study. Or we can allow students both to choose their majors and pay for their education themselves. But in the end, one of two things is true:Either a college major is worth its cost or it isnt. If yes, taxpayer financing isnt needed. If not, taxpayer financing isnt desirable. Eith

44、er way, taxpayers have nobusiness paying fbr students college education.51. What does the author think of college students funding their education through loansA) They only expect toget huge returns.C) They benefit at taxpayers5 expense.B) They are acting in anirrational way.D) They will regret doin

45、gsosomeday.52. In the authors opinion, free college education is.A) impracticalC) a goal to strive forB) unsustainableD) a way to social eualityWhat should students do if taxpayers are to bear their college costsA) Work even harder to repay society.B) Choose their subjects more carefully.C) Choose m

46、ajors that will serve societys practical needs.D) Allow taxpayers to participate in college administration.53. What does the author say about the value of a students college educationA) It is underestimated by profit-seeking employers.B) It is to be proved by what they can do on the job.C) It is wel

47、l reflected in their average starting salary.D) It is embodied in how they remove social barriers.54. What message does the author want to convey in the passageA) Students should think carefully whether to go to college.B) Taxpayers should only finance the most gifted students.C) The worth of a coll

48、ege education is open to debate.D) College students should fund their own education.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage fromChinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提

49、升, 的城市将修建高铁站。高铁大大缩短了人们的出行时间。相对飞机而言，高铁列车的突出优 势在于准时，因为根本不受天气或交通管制的影响。高铁极大地改变了中国人的生活方式。 如今，它已经成了很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具。越来越多的人也在假日乘高铁外出旅 游。还有不少年轻人选择在一个城市工作而在临近城市居住,每天乘高铁上下班。8) They are a profitable business sector. D) They help take care of customers5 pets.3. A) By giving them regular cleaning and injections.B) By selecting breeds that are tame and peacef