高考英语考点精析复习讲义-非谓语动词.docx

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1、第七讲非谓语动词典型例题近年来，高考试题中主要考查了 v-ing形式作原因状语、伴随状语、结果状语.的情况。 高考试题中也曾出现过对于补足语的考查，考题设计巧妙、灵活、综合性强。这要求考生正 确理解题意，从语法结构、习惯用法及具体语境等多方面进行分析。不能孤立地看某一语法 知识，而要弄懂整个句子，并通过所给的信息进行分析、推理，从而作出正确的判断。1 .考查非谓语动词的试题常常考查一些常用动词以及特殊动词对其后非谓语动词的形 式（不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式）的不同要求。有时也涉及到非谓语动词的完成式和否定 式。在做非谓语试题时可以分三个步骤：（1）分析句子成分；（2）搞清非谓语动词与其逻

2、辑 主语的关系；（3）确定行为时间及先后顺序等。2 .高考对非谓语动词的测试方向：（1）不定式的完成式、被动式和进行式；（2）不定式 的省略：（3）测试只能接动名词的动词和接动名词、不定式有区别的动词的用法；（4）现在 分词作宾补、作定语、作状语的用,法；（5）测试非谓语动词的否定式。应试同分瓶颈1 .非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点，切不可记住几个条条框框 就去乱套。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：（1）具有句子结构的知识，要分得清简单句与复合句，陈述句与祈使句。（2）具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。（3）具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分

3、得清及物动词和不及物动词，双宾动词和复宾动 词。一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应当烂熟于胸。（4）具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析S。词左右长度的复合长、难句。2.解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。一般要遵循以下解题思路：（1）解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）：（2）找准相关 动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）；（3）搜索句子中相关 的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；（4）将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意 顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。本类考题解答锦囊不定式短语在介词but, except, besides

4、后面时，如果这些词之前有行为动词do的 名词形：式，那么，这些分词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。例如：She could do no thing but cry. what do you like to do besides swim? 1 have no choice but to go.不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以；下几点：不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时, 不定式往往用主动形式。例如：Have you got a key to unlock the door? （A key unlocks the door.）

5、不定 式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关 系时，不定式常用主动形式。例如：a. I have got a letter to write. （I write a letter.）b. He needs a room to live in. （He lives in a room.）c. I know what to do. （I .do what.）但这句如改为下列形式，不定式就得用被动 形式：I know what is to be done.这是因为what is to be done是宾语从句，从句中 的主语what是动词do的动作对象。不定

6、式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动 形：式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了 foone或for people。例如：a. He is hard to talk to. （to talk to him.）b. The book is difficult to understand, (to understand the book.)但如果强调句中的受动者时，亦可用不定式被动式。例如：The handwriting is very difficult to be read.对于动名词，我们要求掌握以下几点：admit, appreciate, avoid,

7、consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, feel, like, nnish, forgiVe, give up, imagine, include, keep, mentioh, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, canthelp, can, ststand 碍于(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。forget, goon, like, mean, regret, remember, stop, try 等动词可带动名 词或不定式作

8、宾语，但意义上有区别。例如：a. I remember doing the exerciSe.我记得做过练习。b. I must remember to do it.我必须记着去做这事。c.I tried not to go there.我设法不去那里。d. I tried doing it again.我试着又干了一次。e. StOp speaking.不要讲话。f. He s.topped to talk.他停下来讲话。g. I mean to come early today.我打算今天早些来。h. MiSsing the train means waiting for another

9、hour.误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。在allOw, adVise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词 形式，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带 to的不定式。例如：a. We don t allow smoking here.b. We don t allow students to smoke.动词need, require, want作“需要”解，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名 词或不定式的被动式。这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。例如：The window needs(requires, wants)cle

10、aning(to be cleaned). 本类考题解答锦囊分词分为现在分词和过去分词。它们的用法是截然不同的。考生应注意以下内容：表示人的心理感受的动词，在高中英语课本中出现得最多，如please, delight, satisfy， inspire, encourage, excote, interest, move, touch, frighten, surprise, astonish, puzzle, disappoint, ill scourage, trouble, worry, tire 等词，一般说来，斗 ng 形 式具有使动意义，表示“使人感到/觉得”，而-ed形式表示某人

11、“因觉得”, 如：The frightened girl sat in the corner, crying.这类分词实际上已当形容词使用了。 例如：We are interested in these interesting books.分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果与句子主语不一致，那么 分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，且要用独立主格结构形式来表达。“have+宾语+现在分词”表示主体.使客体处于某状态或干什么事；have+宾语+过 去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关。I高考最新热门题.（典型例题海卷）It shames me to say it, but

12、I told a lie when at themeeting by my boss.A.questioningB. having questionedC.questionedD. to bequestioned【解析】根据非谓语动词的动作与句子主语的关系，可排除选项A、B：根据句子谓语动词与非谓动词所表示的动作先后关系，答案选C,表被动及完成。【答案】 C.（典型例题海卷）Alice returned from the managers office,me that the boss wanted to see me at once.A. having told B. tells C. to

13、 tell D. telling答案：D指导：根据句子结构排除选项B,根据句子谓语动词所表示的动作与非谓语动词 所表示的动作的时间顺序，答案选D.1 .（典型例题）Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents.A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry答案：A指导：get接宾语补足语表宾语的动作、状态、身份等。宾语与补足语是被动的 主谓关系，而过去分词正好表被动意义，故答案选九getsh worried意思是：让某人担忧

14、。2 .（典型例题the programme, they have to stay there for another twoweeks.A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completed D. Having not completed答案：C指导：根据非谓语动词的否定形式的构成，排除选项D；根据非谓语动词与句子 主语的关系，排除B：根据句子的意思，没有完成计划的动作应发生在havetostay动作之 前，故答案选C3 .（典型例题 The news reporters hurried to the airportzonly the

15、 film starshad left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told答案：B指导：根据句子的意思，记者们赶到机场时发现意外的结果，因此，排除C、D 根据与句子的关系，不是记者告诉他人，而是人家告诉记者，故答案选B.II题点经典类型题.（典型例题）by the beauty of nature, the girl fronm London decided to spend another two days on the farm.A. AttractingB. AttractedC. To be attractedD. Having at

16、tracted.（典型例题 with such great difficulty,Jack felt at a loss.A.Facing;what to sayB. Faced;what to sayC. Having faced;how to tellD. Being faced;how to speak答案：B指导：befaced with是一个固定短语，表示主句主语与face是被动关系，故此 处需填入一个过去分词作状语，D项中beingfaced为动名词的被动形式，显然不对。3 .（典型例题 zwe were taken to see the library.A. We had bee

17、n shown the classroomsB. Being shown the classroomsC. Having been shown the classroomsD. Having shown the classrooms答案：C指导：句意：我们先被领着看了教室，又被带去看图书室。首先，句子主语与show 之间构成被动关系。因此可排除D项；A项为句子，需要加连词连接两个分句；B项 相当于While we were being shown the classrooms,虽然与后面的时间上有冲 突，故只有C项正确。4 .（典型例题考）With online course Crazy En

18、glish has over 20 million students all over China the class through Internet.A. attendB. attendedC. attendingD. to be attending答案：C指导：由句意知Crazy English拥有2千万的学生参加学习，可知应用-ing形 式表伴随结果，所以C正确。5 .（典型例题考）Tom looked at Jenny, tears his eyes,and shouted out thewords in his heart foryears.A. filling;having be

19、en hidden B. filled;hiddenC. filling;hiddenD. filled; hiding答案：C指导：由句意知Crazy English拥有2千万的学生参加学习，可知应用ing形 式表伴随结果，所以C正确。I高考最新热门题Everyone here will thank the fneflghters for the things they have done to prevent fires the enviroranent safer.A. makeB. to makingC. to makeD. from making答案：C指导：不定式结构表结果，表示主

20、观愿望和客观结果之间相差太远，所以C正确。1. to give up smoking,he threw away his cigarettes.A. Determined; remained B. Determined; remainingC. Determining; remained D. Determining; remaining答案：B指导：由句意“他已经决定要戒烟，所以扔掉了剩下的烟”判定B正确。2. Is that the laundry? I have some clothes.-Leave them in your room, please, and were going t

21、o fetch them soon.A. to washB. to be washedC. washedD. .washing答案：B指导：have这里作“有”解，而不是使役动词，所以C项是不恰当的。“并 不是“wash”的主语，因此这里应当用不定式的被动形式作定语。3. The English exam is not difficult, is it? -Even Tom to the topstudents failed in it.A. Yes; belongedC. Yes; belongingB. No; belongedD. No; beloning答案：C指导：由上、下句可知英语

22、考试很难，先排除B、D：再由Tom和belong是主 动关系，所以C正确。4. At the end of 20 典型例题 re were around 3,000 foreign printing companies in China,up around 2 percentof national total.A. madeB. to makeC. makingD. having made答案：C 指导：ing分词作状语，对前面的3, 000 foreign eompanies /补充说明的 作用。5. Really nice you. Im going to miss you.Dont fo

23、rget to give me a ring,will you?A. knowsB. to knowC. to have knownD. knew答案：C 指导：句意：认识你很好。Reallynicetohaveknownyou 是 个省略句，句 子的真正主语是tohaveknownyou,形式主语it和is都已省去，通常见面时说：Nice to see / meet you.分别时用不定式的完成时态。此处情景是分别。考场热身-Why are they pulling down the houses?a new parking lot.A. BuildB. To buildC. Buildin

24、gD. Built答案：B指导：用tobuild表示目的。1. After for the job, you will be required to take a language test.1 . being interviewedB. interviewedC. interviewingD. having interviewed答案：A 指导：aftenbeing interviewed接受过求职面职后，after在这里是介词。3 .Alan,home very late from his job, found an angry wife waiting for him at breakf

25、ast.A. returningB. returnedC. to returnD. had returned答案：A 指导：returninghome现在分词作时间状语。4 .The two presidentsagree with each other on the wholezbut much remains at the following meeting.A. discussingB. discussedC. to discussD. to be discussed答案：D指导：much和discuss之间的关系为被动，意为“但是仍然有许多事待讨论。5. He is looking f

26、orward to what is happening over there.A. see B. seeing C. seen D. saw答案：A指导：此题易误选B,如选B,意义上（他盼望着看正在那儿发生的事情）明显不 正确。正确理解应该是：他往前面看去，想看一看那儿正在发生什么事。6. When he got off the bus, he found his pocket.A. stolen B. picked C. gone D. missing答案B指导：注意动宾搭配pickthepocket, stealthewalJet.7. -Dear Frank, when will our

27、 wedding be?-Ah, when? God knows!he said, and away from her, walkedrapidly away.A. turning B. turned C. turn D. to turn答案：A指导：and连接后面的walked, walked和said 一起构成并列谓语所以把 turningaway 看作 walked 的伴随状语，比女口 Hehuriedup, hopingtogetthere on time8. -Where have you been all day?We some beautiful children and we

28、couldnt get away from them until it was dark.A. metB. meetC. have metD. have been meeting答案：A 指导：时态参考后边couldntgetaway可得出结论，做时态题，必须找好参照 点，也就是时间词，或已在句中出现的时态。9. The manager discussed the plan they would like to see thenext year.A. that; carried out B.不填;it carried outC. thatjcarrying out D.不填;it carrying out答案：A 指导：句子结构可理解为 theywouldliketoseetheplan carriedout.10. Her wealth is in fact a very small sum.A. supposingB. supposedC. to supposeD. suppose答案：b指导：A项supposing是连词，C项若作定语则要放在所修饰词的后面，D项 因此处不需要谓语被排除。选项意为“他的财富不像别人想像的那样多。”