中国计划生育政策 (3).docx

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1、中国计划生育政策中国计划生育政策是中国在控制社会总人口规模和结构调整，以 及协调社会经济社会发展、人口可持续发展方面积极采取一系列措施 总和。以下是有关计划生育政策的权威介绍，供您参考。为了控制社会总人口规模，首先要根据国家的实际情况和可持续 发展要求，制定能够确保人口发展处于平衡状态的生育政策，形成针 对该国实际而建立的灵活可行的人口政策。1985年，中国政府正式颁 布了中国人口政策实施办法（即“计划生育政策”），宣布了一 项独特的“双子性别”政策，即一对夫妻只允许生育一个孩子，这是 中国31年来的稳定政策。计划生育政策实施之初，中国政府采取了 “强制实行及强制执行 政策”的策略，以便及时有

2、效地控制人口总量。如此一来，计划生育 政策虽得到了社会的普遍认可，但也在某些特殊群体中引起冲突和抗 议，表现在劳动力动向改变，人口不稳定，婚姻及家庭结构崩溃等方 面，中国政府积极采取措施做出了回应，于2010年发布了一项政策， 即将计划生育政策由“强制实行及强制执行”政策转变为“支持性” 政策，这就是目前实施的“计划生育政策”。此外，中国政府还制定了人口状况分析报告，此报告根据中国社 会各个领域的情况，定期收集、编撰并发布，如医疗卫生、健康保健、 流行病学、劳动力、教育、环境保护、家庭规模等等，通过此类报告 深入发掘中国的实际情况，更加有效地制定计划生育政策。中国计划生育政策一定程度地抑制了城

3、市化进程，使人口增长保 持在一定水平，强调改善人口质量，优先发展家庭教育和医疗领域。 通过制定人口年龄结构、性别比例指标，实行家庭规模调整和扩大劳 动力的规模，积极研究及探讨相关理论及生育观念，以及社会激励政 策，等等。计划生育政策被认为是我国摆脱过度趋势人口而建立可持 续发展模式的重要手段。中国计划生育政策在控制社会总人口规模，以及协调社会经济社会发展和人口可持续发展方面都发挥了重要作用，使中国在经济社会 发展方面取得了显著的成就，可以说中国人口政策实施了经济可持续 发展的宏观调控作用，起到重要的社会意义。In order to control the total population of

4、 the society, the official fertility policy also known as Chinas Family Planning Policy was formulated in year 1985 with the strategy of strict implementation, to ensure timely and effective control over the population size. This policy is widely accepted by the society however is subject to conflic

5、ts and protest from specific social groups, leading to the changes in labor redistribution, population instabi1ity and marital and family structure disruption. With the further development of economic and social status in China, the government shifted the Strict Implementation and Enforcement1 polic

6、y to a HSupportive1 policy in 2010.Apart from the policy making, the Chinese government also initiated the Population Status ReportM which is periodically collected, compiled and released through the various aspects from the Chinese society such as medical care, health care, epidemiology, labor, edu

7、cation and environmental protection. The report analyze the current situations of China in more depth and effective policy making for the fertility policy could be created.The fertility policy in China has effectively suppressed the process of urbanization and keeps the population growth on a certai

8、n level. It emphasizes on the improvement of population quality and the development of family education and medical care. The government also adopts measures to adjust the family size and expand the size of labor force, actively studies and discusses relevant theories and fertility concepts as well

9、as social incentive policies so as to achieve the goal of sustainable development.With all the measures taken into account, China1s fertility policy has played a vital role in controlling the total population, coordinating socio-economic development and facilitating the sustainable population development. Through population microanalysis, physiological and behavioral studies and multiple incentive measures, the fertility policy provides great insight of sustainable development for China and holds a tremendous social significance both theoretically and practically.