20202021学年新教材高中英语Unit6Disasterandhope单元素养检测含解析外研版必修第三册.docx

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1、单元素养检测（六）（Unit 6） （时间：120分钟满分：150分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳 选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。Text 1M: Lily is going to make a presentation to the class this afternoon, Sophia.W: Oh, really? I thought it was Michael s turn.1. Wh

2、o will speak at the meeting this afternoon?A. Lily.B. Sophia. C. Michael.答案：AText 2M: Hi, Mum. Could you check if I left my report in my room?W: No, I didn t find it, Ben. Your dad drove you to school this morning; you should ring him up.2. What will Ben probably do next?A. Check his room.B. Write h

3、is report.C. Call his father.答案：CText 3W: Have you got any idea what to buy for Emma s birthday?M. Well, I 11 get her a new sharpener, and I ve promised to take her to the cinema. What about you?W. Oh, I haven , t decided yet. If 11 probably buy her a new music record as she likes it so much.3. What

4、 gift wi 11 the woman probably get for Enuna? to practice and teach martial arts for the rest of his life.帮助学生提高技能已经 成为Tokuda每天的例行公事，他希望在他的余生中练习和教授武术，可以推断他对自己事业 的热爱与奉献。故选B。BMy mother was an excellent housekeeper. She had a few surgeries over the years, and before each one she, d have my father move

5、the stove out from the wall so she could clean behind it. It would have been hard for her to relax in the hospital if she knew there were dust balls behind the stove.The entire house was tidy and organizedthere was a place for everything and everything was in its place. Mom would hang the sheets out

6、side to dry rather than inside the house. And if storm clouds gathered, she would run outside, race down to the sheets, throw them into a bag, and then race back to the house as the rain started, satisfied that a major catastrophe had been avoided. Throughout our entire childhoods, my sisters and I

7、were spoiled with fresh bedding and cookies fresh from the oven.There* s something beautiful about freshness, like the beginning of a school year, the start of a marriage, the birth of a child, moving to a new place, or starting a new job.Freshness is like opening a new calendar that isn t yet fille

8、d with neglected tasks. A new year always means a chance at a fresh start. But the question is, how do we choose to make this new start?Maybe I need to do some housekeeping myself. A good sweeping usually leads to finding some interesting thingsan old memory or two and new hobbies that fell by the w

9、ays ide. Perhaps it s time to clean out all those drawers filled with junk-the ones holding old tapes that replay the things I regret doing and the things that I wish I had done.My personality could use some polish （亮光剂）as well-the ability to listen more than I talk. Glass cleaner （玻璃清洁剂）would be a

10、good idea, toosomething to give me a clearer view of the things that matter and the things that don t.Cleaning is rarely my first choice of activity, but I m ready to go and do what needs to be done. Here s to a fresh start and a new year.【语篇概述】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己有条理的母亲，保持整个房子的整洁有序 获得启发，决定开始自己做家务以此来提升自

11、我、继续前进。同时希望激发人们对新年的思 考和计划。24. What can we learn about the author , s mother according to the article?A. She preferred rainy days to sunny days.B. She couldn, t bear anything to be unorganized in her house.C. She required her daughters to wash their own bedding.D. She asked her husband to do the hous

12、ekeeping during her surgeries.【解析】选Bo细节理解题。根据第,段最后,句It would have been hard for her to relax in the hospital if she knew there were dust balls behind the stove.（如果她知道炉 子后面有尘球，她在医院里就很难放松了。）以及第二段第一句Th。entire house was tidy and organized-there was a place for everything and everything was in its place.

13、（整 个房子整洁有序一一每样东西都有一个放置的地方，每样东西都在它的位置上。）可知作者的 母亲受不了家里的任何东西杂乱无章。故选B。25. What does the author think about her childhood?A. She has forgotten it.B. It was painful for her.C. It was full of happiness.I）. She was spoiled by her mother.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Throughout our entire childhoods, my sisters and

14、I were spoiled with fresh bedding and cookies fresh from the oven.（在 我们整个童年时代，我和我的姐妹们都被新鲜的床上用品和刚从烤箱里拿出来的饼干宠坏 了。）可知作者认为自己的童年非常快乐。故选C。26. Why docs the author decide to do some housekeeping herself?A. She sees it as a chance to improve herself and move on.B. She wants to help reduce her motherJ s burde

15、n.C. She is quite bothered by her messy house.D. She thinks it s time to learn some life skills.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中A good sweeping usually leads to finding some interesting thingsan old memory or two and new hobbies that fell by the wayside.Perhaps it s time to clean out all those drawers filled w

16、ith junkthe ones holdingold tapes that replay the things I regret doing and the things that I wish I had done. （一次彻底的清扫通常会让你发现一些有趣的事情段或两段旧的记忆和一些被搁置一旁的新爱好。也许是时候清理那些装满垃圾的抽屉了一一那些拿着旧磁带的抽屉会重播我后 悔做过的和我曾希望自己做过的事。）可知作者认为自己做一些家务是一个提升自己、继续前 进的机会，因此她决定开始自己做家务。故选A。27. The author wrote this article mainly to giv

17、e advice on how to clean the house.A. inspire people, s thought and plan for the new year.B. share the story of her mother s strength.C. recall her mother, sisters and father.【解析】选Bo推理判断题。根据最后一段Cleaning is rarely my first choice of activity, but I m ready to go and do what needs to be done. Here, s

18、to a fresh start and a new year.（打扫卫生很少是我的第一选择，但我已经准备好去做需要做的事情。为新的开始 和新的年干杯。）可知作者写这篇文章主要是为了激发人们对新年的思考和计划。故选B。CTraining the BrainPeople who can accomplish unbclicvable tasks, such as memorizing thousands of random numbers in under an hour, state that they just have normal brains. Some memory supersta

19、rs compete in Olympic-like World Memory Championships. These mental athletes, or MAs for short, can memorize names of dozens of strangers in a few minutes or any poem handed them. Ed Cooke, a 24-year-old MA, explains they see themselves as participants rescuing the long-lost art of memory training.

20、These techniques existed not to recall useless information, but to cut into the brain basic text and ideas.A study in the journal Nature examined eight people who finished near the top of the World Memory Championships. The scientists examined whether their brains were fundamentally different from e

21、veryone elses or whether they were simply making better use of memorizing abilities we all possess. They put the MAs and control subjects into brain scanners and had them memorize numbers and photographs. The result surprised everyone. The brains of the MAs and those of the control subjects were ind

22、istinguishable. On every test, the MAs scored in the normal range. However, when the scientists examined what part of the brain was used during a memory activity, they found the MAs relied more heavily on areas in the brain involved in spatial memory.MAs offer an explanation: anything can be fixed u

23、pon our memories and kept in order by constructing a building in the imagination and filling it with pictures of what needs to be recalled. Dating back to the fifth century, the building is called a memory palace. Even as late as the fourteenth century, when there were copies of any text, scholars n

24、eeded to remember what was read to them. Reading to remember requires a different technique than speed reading. If something is made memorable, it has to be repeated. Until relatively recently, people read only a few books intensively （细致地）again and again, usual 1 y aloud. Today we read extensively,

25、 usually only once and without continuous focus.So the great difference is the ability to create impressive pictures in mind and to do it quickly. Using memory palaces, MAs create memorized pictures. For example, recombine the pictures to form unforgettable scenes such as the ways through a town. On

26、e competitor used his own body parts to help him memorize a 57, 000-word dictionary.Anyone who wishes to train the mind needs first to create fantastical palaces in the imagination. Then they should cut each building into cubbyholes for memories. In a short amount of time, they will notice improveme

27、nt with remembering things. To keep the skill sharp, MAs deliberately empty their palaces after competitions, so they can reuse them and they recommend that beginners do the same.【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文，记忆达人与普通人的头脑是不是存在着差别？文章对此进 行了研究，发现这些记忆达人在记忆的时候会使用空间记忆等不同的记忆构建方法。28. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that a me

28、ntal athlete .A. owns a brain that is larger in sizeshows a gift in mental ability tests C. uses the memorizing technique betterD. depends less on the areas that control spatial memory【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段后两句可知，平时这些记忆达人与正常人是一样的，但 当他们参加记忆比赛的时候，他们会使用大脑中与空间记忆相关的部分。说明他们可以更好 地运用这些记忆技巧。故选C。29. Why docs the a

29、uthor mention “speed readingw in Paragraph 3?A. To discuss the memorizing technique in the fifth century.B. To give the reason why people read only a few books carefully.C. To explain the text fourteenth century scholars had to remember.D. To compare the type of reading nowadays with that of earlier

30、 times.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段后三句可知，作者使用speed reading指现代人的阅 读类型与以前有了很大的变化，之前人们通常反兔阅读一本书，而现在通常只读一次。故选 D。30. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A. There is a variety of unforgettable scenes.B. Memory palaces can be quickly forgotten.C. Impressive pictures are in actual buildings.D. One person probably h

31、as 57, 000 body parts.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段可知，我们可以把多张图片结合形成一些令人难忘的 场景。如果我们要想记住更多的事情，就要在脑海里形成更多这样的场景。也就是说会有各 种各样的场景，故选A。31. What does the underlined word “cubbyholes“ in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Small speices.B. Blacks holes.C. Technical skills.D. Different numbers.【解析】选A。猜测词义题。横线前面一句Anyone w

32、ho wishes to train the mind needs first to create fantastical palaces in the imagination. ” 告诉我们首先要在脑海里创造出 幻想出的宫殿，然后再把这些宫殿分隔成不同的记忆空间来存储不同的记忆内容。所以本句 中的“cubbyholes”是指被分隔出来的小空间。故选A。I)According to the Associated Press (AP), a Chinese scientist claims he successfully created the world s first genetically

33、-edited babies.Chinese researcher He Jiankui, a research professor at China s Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, said he had edited DNA of twin girls born a few weeks ago. He s claims were immediately criticized by some scientists as unsafe and unethical. This kind of gene ed

34、iting is forbidden in the United States and many other countries. Such changes to a person , s DNA can pass to future generations and risk harming other genes.In interviews, He Jiankui defended his work. He said he had performed the gene editing to help protect the babies from future infection of HI

35、V, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS. He said the process had “worked safelyv and the twin girls were “as healthy as any other babies. He told the AP he felt a strong responsibility “not just to make a first, but also to make an example“ for future research. aSociety wi11 decide what to do

36、next, “ he said.When He s claims became public, the university made a statement saying his work had wseriously went against academic ethics and standards. University officials said they had no knowledge of his research and had looked into the case. China, s National Health Commission was “highly con

37、cernedM about the claims and ordered local health officials “to immediately look into“ He, s activity. uWe have to be responsible for the people, s health and wi11 act on this according to the law, “ the commission said.Scientists discovered in recent years a new way to edit genes that make up a per

38、son, s DNA throughout the body. The tool, called CRISPR-cas9, makes it possible to change DNA to supply a needed gene or take one away that is causing problems. So far the tool has only been used on adults to treat deadly diseases, and the changes only affected that person.Kiran Musunuru, a scientis

39、t from University of Pennsylvania, told the AP that if such an experiment had been carried out on human beings, it could not be umorally or ethically reasoneible. Julian Savulescu, a medical ethics expert at BritainJ s University of Oxford, agreed. If true, this experiment may cause disasters, “ he

40、told Reuters.However, one well-known geneticist, Harvard University * s George Church, defended the attempt to edit genes to prevent infections of HIV. He told the AP that since HIV is “a major and growing public health threatw he finds such experiments valuable.【语篇概述】这是一篇新闻报道。这篇文章主要讲了据美联社报道，一名中国科学家

41、声称他 成功地创造了世界上第一个经过基因编辑的婴儿。32. What can we learn from this passage?A. All scientists consider He s experiment unsafe and unethical.B. The university He works in supports his experiment.C. Many countries don, t allow editing babies genetically.D. China* s National Health Commission thinks highly of H。

42、 s experiment.【解析】选C。细节理解题。答案定位在第三段This kind of gene editing is forbidden in the United States and many other countries.（这种基因编辑在美国和其他许多国家是被 禁止的。）故选C。33. The following sentence MHowever, many scientists believe such experiment is dangerous. can be placed in.A. B. C. D. 【解析】选 A。推理判断题。第三段 He s claims w

43、ere immediately criticized by some scientists as unsafe and unethical. This kind of gene editing is forbidden in the United Stales and many other countries.说贺的说法立即被一些科学家批评为不安全和 不道德的。这种基因编辑在美国和其他许多国家是被禁止的。由此判断上文一定会说“然而, 许多科学家认为这样的实验是危险的，故选A。34. What s the author s attitude towards He Jiankui, s resea

44、rch?A. Supportive. B. Uninterested.C. Doubtful.D. Neutral.【解析】选I）。推理判断题。作者只是如实说出社会各界对贺建奎基因编辑婴儿的看法，所以 作者对于贺建奎的研究持中立态度，故选1）。35. What might be the best title of this passage?A. Chinese Scientist Claims First Gene Edited BabiesChinese Scientist Finds A New Cure For AIDSB. Gene Editing Still Has A Long W

45、ay To GoChina Takes The Lead In Gene Editing【解析】选 A。主旨大意题。第一段 According to the Associated Press （AP）, a Chinese scientist claims he successfully created the world, s first genetically-edited babies. 是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了据美联社报道，一名中国科学家声 称他成功地创造了世界上第一个经过基因编辑的婴儿，故选Ao 第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）阅读下面

46、短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多 余选项。Floods are one of the most common disasters in the US. Some floods develop slowly. But flash floods（暴洪）can develop quickly, sometimes in just a few minutes and without any signs of rain. 36 It carries rocks and mud and can sweep away most things in its path.1.

47、If a flood is likely in your area , you should:Listen to the radio or television for information. If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move at once to higher ground. 372. If you have time to prepare, you should:Make your home safe by bringing in outdoor furniture. 38 Do not touch any electr

48、ical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.3. If you have to leave your home right away, remember these tips:, Do not walk through moving water.39 If you have to walk in waiter, walkwhere the water is not moving. Use a stick to check the ground in front of you.40 If floodwaters rise around y

49、our car, give up the car and move to higherground if you can do so safely. Otherwise you and the car can be quickly swept away.A. Do not drive into flooded areas.B. Do not wait for instructions to move.C. Turn off al 1 pieces of electrical equipment.D. 20 cm of moving water can make you fall.E. Floods can