2022-2023学年北京市西城区北京第八中学高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 含详解.docx

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1、2022-2023学年度第一学期期末练习题年级：高一科目：英语本卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟一、完形填空(共10小题;每小题L5分,共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题 纸上将该项涂黑。On a foggy Sunday morning, Amrisha Vaish was sleeping soundly at home in Arlington, Virginia. The sound that woke him at 7:15 was so loud that he assumed it came from inside h

2、is house. As he got up to carefully, he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside. Looking out of his bedroom window, he noticed a tree 2 in smoke about 500 yards away. A car was wrapped by smoke around the trees base, and its engine was on fire.Seeing (hat, he immediately gr

3、abbed buckets of water and ran to the crash site. Up close, the 3 looked worse. The car was split nearly in two, and the tree was where the drivers seat ought to have been, as if4there. He thought(hat no one could have survived this crash, and yet there was 15-year-old Quintin Thompson, still5with h

4、is terrifiedface pressed against the drivers side window, in visible pain. Vaish tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water yet with no success. When the 6 got into the front seats, he realized he had to gel the boy out of (here as soon as possible.Instantly, Vaish tried to open the back d

5、oor, but he failed. He picked up a stone beside (he tree and hit the back door. This time, it7. The back door was opened and Vaish crawled in. Thompson was struggling to get free when Vaishnoticed how8his legs were. Using a pocketknife, Vaish sawed through Thompsons seat belt. Now that Thompsonwas f

6、ree of restraints (束缚),Vaish pulled him out of a window, and then dragged him to safety before (he car was 9 surrounded by flames. Vaish called an ambulance as Thompson suffered severely. Soon, the doctors arrived and Vaish fell第一节单项填空（共6小题;每小题1分，共6分）10.1. A. analyseB. viewC. examineD. question2. A.

7、 envelopedB.chokedC. markedD. rescued3. A. woundB. damageC.engineD. smoke4. A. drawnB. guardedC.sentD. planted5. A. calmB. curiousC. consciousD. confldenl6. A. waterB. driverC. passengersD. flames7. A. respondedB.changedC. workedD. failed8. A. dirtyB.badC. uniqueD. normal9. A. slowlyB. entirelyC. si

8、mplyD. deadly10. A. relievedB. touchedC. recognizedD. satisfied二、语法（共15小题海小题1分,共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。11. （2016北京）My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,hes in his nineties.A. as long asB. as if考杳动词词义辨析。句意：从卧室的窗户向外望去，他注意到500码外有一棵树被烟雾笼罩着。A. enveloped包 裹，包住；B. chok

9、ed （使）噎住；C. marked 标记；D. rescued 营救。根据后文“A car was wrapped by smoke around the trees base, and its engine was on fire.v可知，一辆汽车着火了，一棵树被烟雾包裹笼罩着，合乎逻辑。故选A 项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：近距离看，损坏看起来更严重。A. wound创伤，伤口； B.damage损害，损毁；C. engine 引擎；D. smoke 烟。根据前文 “ A car was wrapped by smoke around the trees base, and i

10、ts engine was on fire. ” 可知，是-辆汽车出了事故，所以应指汽车损坏很严重。故选B项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：汽车几乎被劈成了两半，那棵树就在驾驶员座位应该在的地方，仿佛是栽在那儿似 的。A. drawn 被画;B. guarded 被保卫;C. sent 被发送；D. planted 被种植。根据前文“the iree was where【he drivers seat ought to have been”可知，树在驾驶员的位置好像长在汽车的里面，所以说就好像栽在那儿似的。故选 D项。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他认为没有人能在这场车祸中幸存卜

11、来，然而15岁的Quintin Thompson仍然清醒， 惊恐的脸贴在司机侧的车窗上，痛苦可见。A. ca的镇静的;B. curious好奇的;C. conscious意识到的，神志清醒 的；D. confidenl 有信心的。根据前文 “He thoughthai no one could have survived Ihis crash” 以及后面 yet 转折的语 义可知，Thompson还活着，神志清醒。故选C项。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当火焰蔓延到前排座位时，他意识到他必须尽快把孩子救出来。A. water水；B. driver 司机；C. passengers 乘客；

12、D. flames 火焰。根据前文“Vaish tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water yet with no success.可知，火没有扑灭，所以这里指“火焰”蔓延。故选D项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一次，它起作用了。A. responded回应；B. changed变化；C. worked工作，有效，起 作用；D. failed失败。根据后文“The back door was opened and Vaish crawled in.”可知,这次成功了，所以是这次 起作用了。故选C项。【8题详解】考杳形容词词

13、义辨析。句意：Thompson正挣扎着想要挣脱，这时Vaish注意到他的腿有多糟糕。A. dirty肮脏的； B. bad坏的，糟糕的，严重的；C. unique独特的;D. normal正常的。根据后文“Vaish called an ambulance as Thompson suffered severely.M等信息可知，Thompson的腿伤得很严重。故选B项。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，Thompson已经摆脱了束缚，Vaish把他从车窗里拉了出来，然后在车完全被火 焰包围之前把他拖到了安全的地方。A. slowly慢慢地；B. entirely完全地；C. simp

14、ly简单的；D. deadly致命的。根 据前文 “Vaish pulled him out of a window, and then dragged him to safety ”可知，Vaish 灭火未成功，汽车一直还在 燃烧，所以，Vaish要在汽车完全被火焰包围之前，把Thompson拖到安全的地方。故选B项。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，医生们赶到了, Vaish感到如释重负。A. relieved宽心的,宽慰的;B. touched 感动的；C. recognized公认的;D. satisfied满意的。根据前文“the doctors arrived”可知,T

15、hompson伤势严重,医 生赶到了，能尽快的处理Thompson的伤，所以Vaish感到宽慰，如释重负。故选A项。二、语法（共15小题海小题1分，共15分）第一节单项填空（共6小题;每小题1分，共6分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。11. （2016北京）My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,hes in his nineties.A. as long asB. as ifC. even thoughD. in case【答案】C【分析】考查让步状语从句。句意：即使是九十多

16、岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A.aslongas只要，引导 条件句；B.asif似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；C. even though即使，引导让步状语从句；D. in case以防，引 导目的状语从句。这里是让步关系，故选C。【点睛】.引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。例如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear.Take your umbrella （just） in case it rains.She repeated （he i

17、nstructions slowly in order that he should understand.1 .引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, so .that, such. that等。例如：I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.2 .引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有 although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever 等。例如：Although （hey ar

18、e twins, they look entirely different.3 .引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though等。例如:Why didnt you catch the last bus as I told you to?4 .引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。例如：The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple.5 .引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和asas。例如：She was

19、 now happier than she had ever been.【详解】请在此输入详解！【点睛】请在此输入点睛！12. Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend they get sweet enough to be eaten.A. ever sinceB. as ifC. even thoughD. so that【答案】D【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃了以便它们吃起来变得足够的甜。A.eversince自那 时起;B.asif好像;C.even though尽管；D.sothat以便。分析句子结构可知,

20、此处应该选择连词引导状语从句,结 合句意可知，从句为目的状语从句，所以用so that引导。故选D项。13.120181为:you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.A. OnceB. UnlessC. IfD. When【答案】B【详解】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你能睡好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划的能力 和保持积极性。A. Once一旦：B. Unless除非:C. If如果:D. When当时候。故选

21、B。点睛：本题考查连同辨析。解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系语境进行判断，从而选出正确答案。14. The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what【答案】C【详解】本题考查定语从句。解题步骤：1.确定从句：从空格到句末。2.确定关系词：先行词为writer,与从句 中的主语story是所属关系，用whose。句意：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。故选C。15. We all need to get involved in savin

22、g energy its al work, at home, or at school.A. unlessB. onceC. whetherD. because【答案】C【分析】【详解】考杳状语从句连接词词义辨析。句意：无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在学校，我们都需要参与到节约 能源的活动中来。A.unless除非：B.once 一旦；C.whelher无论：是否；D.because因为。分析句子，该空需要一个 连词引导让步状语从句，根据句意及后面的。r,需要表示“无论是还是，whether符合题意。故选C项。 16.I have to give a speech, I get extremel

23、y nervous before I start.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhoeverD. However【答案】B【详解】考查状语从句。句意：每当我得做演讲的时候，开始之前我就会变得极度的紧张。A. Whatever无论什 么；B. Whenever每当，无论何时；C. Whoever无论谁：D. However不管怎样。引导时间状语从句，表示“每当” 应用whenevero故选B。第二节语法填空(共9小题;每小题1分，共9分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括 号内所给词的正确形式填空。In soc

24、ial life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A., guests tend to feel that they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is sent only three or four days 17 the party date, but it is not (rue in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may 18 (consider) foolish to ma

25、ke an appointment too far in advance because plans that19 (make) for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of lime differs in different parts ofthe world. 2()、misunderstandings arise between people from cultures where time is treated differently. Promptness(准时) 21 (value) hi

26、ghly in American life. For example. 22 people are not punctual, (hey may be regarded as impolite 23 not fully responsible. In the U.S.A., no one would think of keeping a business partner24 (wait) for an hour, since it would be too impolite. A person 25 is five minutes late will say a few words of ex

27、planation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.【答案】17. beforebe considered18. arc madeThus 21. is valued22. if 23. orwaiting24. who#that【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了时间的意义在世界不同的地方是不同的。【17题详解】考查介词。句意：在美国，如果客人在宴会日期的三、四天前才收到邀请，他们往往会觉得自己不受重视。根据 语境可知，此处指在宴会日之前收到邀请，应用介词before ”在之前。故填before。【18题详解】考查动词语态。

28、句意：在世界上的其他地方，提前太久约会可能被认为是愚套的，因为一个多星期后的约会计划 往往会被忘记。主语il和consider是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，情态动词may后用be done形式。故填be considered【19题详解】考查动词语态。句意：在世界其他地区，可能太早和别人订好约会时间会被看成很愚蕊的事情，因为为一个多星 期后的约会制定的计划往往会被忘记。此处是定语从句，that作主语，与make是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态， 表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，that指代先行词plans,是复数含义，be动词使用arc。故填are made。【2()题详解】考查副词。句意：因此，来

29、自时间观念不同文化背景的人们之间会产生误解。根据前一句The meaning of lime differs in different parts of the world. ”可知，前后是因果关系，逗号前用thus “因此。故填Thus。21题详解】考查动词语态。句意：在美国人生活中非常重视守时。主语Prompmess和value是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态, 表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是抽象名词，be动词使用is。故填isvalued。【22题详解】考查状语从句。句意：例如，如果人们不守时，他们可能被视为不礼貌或不完全负责任。根据语境可知，此处表 示一种假设，应用if引导条件状语从

30、句。故填【23题详解】考查连词。句意：例如，如果人们不守时，他们可能被视为不礼貌或不完全负责任。根据语境可知，前后表示选 择，不准时被认为不礼貌或不完全负责任，应用连词or “或者”。故填or。【24题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国，没有人会想到让生意伙伴等一个小时，因为这太不礼貌了。固定搭配kcepsb. doing s【h 让某人一直做某事。故填wailing。【25题详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个迟到五分钟的人会说几个词解释，虽然他可能不会说完这个句子。此处是限定性定语 从句，先行词是person,关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。三、阅读

31、理解（共18小题;每小题2分，共36分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled （贴标签）everything. I always looked fbr everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I

32、 got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. Wc both got tired of each other.War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, Take your shoes away! Why under my bed! Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to

33、my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly cra

34、wled （爬）under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into

35、my work that I even didnt notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “M Thanks.”Kate and I stayed roommates fbr the rest of the year. We didnt always agree,

36、 but we learned the key lo living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.25. The author tidied up the room most probably becauseA. she was scared by Kates angerC. she wanted to show her care27. How is Paragraph I mainly developed?A. By analyzing causes.C. By describing a process.28. What mi

37、ght be the best title for the story?A. My Friend KateC. How to Be Organized【答案】26. C 27. B 28. DA. she was scared by Kates angerC. she wanted to show her care29. How is Paragraph I mainly developed?A. By analyzing causes.C. By describing a process.30. What might be the best title for the story?B. My

38、 Friend KateC. How to Be Organized【答案】26. C 27. B 28. DC. she hated herself fbr being so messyD. she was asked by Kate to do soB. By showing differences.D. By following time order.B. Hard Work Pays OffD. Learning to Be Roommates【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者和室友生活习惯不同从而产生矛盾，最后通过一件事作者明白了与 室友共同生活的关键：让步、清理、坚持。【26

39、题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“AH of a sudden, a wann feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.（突然，一种温暖的同情之 情在我心中升起。）”可知，在看到Kate接电话后的状态后，一种温暖的同情在作者的心中升起，于是她收拾起东 西，由此推断作者将东西收拾整齐应是为了表达对Kaie的关爱之情。故选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its

40、place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled （贴标签）everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.（我从来不讲究整洁，而我的室友凯特却非常有条理。她的每一件东西都有自己的

41、位 置，但我的总是藏在某个地方。她甚至给每样东西都贴上了标签。我一直在寻找一切。随着时间的推移，凯特变 得越来越整洁，而我变得越来越混乱。她会把我脏衣服推倒，我则会把我的书放在她整洁的桌子上。我们都厌倦 了对方。）”可知，作者在第一段描述了与室友Kate在日常生活习惯上的种种差异，在论述过程中使用了“while，“but”，“and”等连词表达对比转折关系,因此可推知，作者在第一段使用了 “比较不同”的方法 而展开论述的。故选B项。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段Kate and 1 stayed roommates fbr the rest of the year. We didnt

42、always agree, but we learned （he key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.（这一年剩下的时间里，Kale 和我一直是室友。 我们并不总是意见一致，但我们学会了共同生活的关键：让步、清理、坚持。）”可知，文章主要围绕如何与室友 相处而展开的。选项D项Learning to Be Roommates（学会成为室友）揭示了文章主旨要义。故选D项。BThe following list includes some books that come highly recommended by

43、 millions of readers and also a short summary of the highlights of each work.The Go-Given by Bob Burg and John David MannI didnt even expect that such a short book could make a huge diflerence in my way towards lift. It simply explains complex laws that direct mankind, and concludes that there is al

44、ways truth in the opposite.Dao De Jing, by Lao ZiDao De Jing is one of the finest books on philosophy written by Lao Zi, an ancient Chinese philosopher and poet. It is sincere, exciting and makes you think a lot. Read it and get in touch with the clear educative understandings that give you enough t

45、ips to pursue your life goal full of passion.The Science of Getting Rich, by Wallace D. WattlesI had my own misunderstandings of getting rich till I read this book. The book made a huge difference to my life after I discovered the secrets mentioned. Read it and it teaches you how to become rich, not

46、 immediately, but step by step.The Power of Habit, by Charles DuhiggI never knew habits played such an important role in shaping our future until I read this book. It says, you are what your habits are, and also suggests the proven techniques to create new habits that change our lifestyles and event

47、ually our livers. It is must-read for eveiyone who wishes to form lifetime habits.The Road Less Travelled, by Scott PeckSimply put, buy this book fbr the path towards understanding in a spiritual way that strengthens your personal growth. This book never gives you easy solutions to the challenges of

48、 life; it simply is part of life and leaves you with better understanding to lead a fulfilled life.29. Which book can help you chase your dream passionately?A. Dao De Jing.B. The Go-Giver.C. The Road Less Travelled.D. The Science of Getting Rich.30. Which of the following ideas may Scott Peck agree with?A. Habits can shape our future.B. There is always truth in the opposite.C. Difficulty is often part of personal growth.D. Wc should find easy solutions to challenges.31. What can we know