牛津译林版(2020)高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 1-Unit 4语法复习讲义（含练习题及答案）.docx

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1、牛津译林版（2020）高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 1-Unit 4语法复习讲义全套Unit 1 Food matters Grammar and usage 语法复习讲义Teaching objectives1 .知识目标：学生能够掌握不定式的基本含义2 .技能目标：学生能够掌握不定式的基本用法3 .情感目标：学生能够更有信心学习英语Key points, Difficult points1 .掌握不定式的基本含义2 .掌握不定式的基本用法Teaching procedures:一、动词不定式作主语和表语动词不定式概述动词不定式是英语语法的一个重要项目。它跟动名词、现在分词和过去分词-样

2、，都被称为非谓语动 词。除了不能单独作谓语外，动词不定式可用来作句子的主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语。t。是不定式的标志符号，但有时候不定式不带t。，有时候可以省略to。不定式无人称和数的变化，虽然 不能单独作句子的谓语，但它具备了动词的基本特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，有时态和语态的变化。 不定式具有动词特征，因此有一般式、完成式、进行式等时态形式，以及主动、被动两种语态形式。它的 各种形式如下表所示（以动词do为例）:时态形式语态形式主动式被动式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing/.不定式的一

3、般式（一般体）不定式的一般式用得最多，可表示与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。但在多数情况下，不定式表示的 动作发生在谓语动词之后。I am very glad to meet you here again.在这儿再次见到你我非常高兴。He decided to buy a new car.他决定买一辆新车。1 .不定式的完成式（完成体）不定式的完 成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，强调动作的先后顺序。牛津译林版（2020）高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 2语法复习讲义Unit 2 The universal languageTeaching objectives1 .知识目标：学生能够掌握动词

4、-ing的基本含义2 .技能目标：学生能够掌握动词-ing的基本用法3 .情感目标：学生能够更有信心学习英语Key points, Difficult points1 ,掌握动词-ing的基本含义2 ,掌握动词-ing的基本用法Teaching procedures:动词-ing形式作主语和宾语一、概述教材和有的语法书中把动名词和现在分词统称为“动词-ing形式”。表面来看，这似乎简化了术语，把两种概 念合二为一。但实际上，这是两种不同性质的非谓语形式，有着不同的语法特征和作用。动名词（Gerund）由“动词+-ing”构成，与现在分词同形。值得注意的是，动名词具备了名词的特点和作用， 可以作

5、句子的主语、宾语、表语，还可以作定语。同时又具备了动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语， 有时态和语态的变化。现在分词（the Present Participle）也是由“动词+-ing”构成，与be动词连用构成进行时态，表明现在分词具 有“进行意义”的基本功能。除此之外，其最主要的语法作用是在句中充当各种状语、宾补以及定语，相 当于状语从句或定语从句，旨在简化表达方式。由于动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，在语法作用上出现重合，可以统称为动词-ing作定语。虽然如此，但 修饰语和被修饰语之间的关系是不一样的。动名词作定语，它和被修饰语是目的或用途关系;现在分词作定 语，被修饰语和它是主动关系。这

6、两种不同的修饰关系;是区分动名词和现在分词的标志。对此，我们有必 要作出区分，这对于理解句意是非常有益的。A sleeping car is a car for sleeping.一节卧铺车厢（动名词作定语）A sleeping boy is a boy who is sleeping.一个正在睡觉的男孩（现在分词作定语）Drinking water is water for drinking.饮用水（动名词作定语，指水的用途）Boiling water is water that is boiling.正在沸腾的水（现在分词作定语，指水发出的动作）动名词作定语，由于是目的或用途关系，所以我们

7、可以用for doing来替换这个动名词，放在被修饰语之后作 定语。a swimming poola pool for swimming游泳池a walking stick-a stick for walking手杖a waiting room-a room for waiting彳陕车室a writing deska desk for writing写字台现在分词作定语，由于是主动关系，一般可以扩展为一个定语从句，从句常用进行时态。单个的现在分词作前 置定语，分词短语作后置定语。a barking dog-a dog that is barking只正在叫的狗flying birdsf bi

8、rds that are flying正在飞翔的鸟falling leaves-*leaves that are falling正在落下 的叶子the rising sunthe sun that is rising冉冉升起的太阳二、动名词的各种形式和语法作用动名词的语法作用相当于名词，在句中主要作主语、宾语表语和定语等。本单元主要讲解动名词作主语和 宾语。因动名词具有动词的特征，故有时态和语态的变化。其时态和语态形式如下表所示：时态形式语态形式主动式被动式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done其否定形式是在以上四种形式之前加not1

9、.动名词的一般式动名词的一般式主要表示抽象的、习惯性的动作，没有明确的发生时间。如果是一次性动作或事件，一般 为发生在谓语动词之前的动作，偶尔也可以表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作。Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。（没有明确的发生时间）Thank you for giving us so much help yesterday.谢谢你昨天给我们那么多帮助。（发生在谓语动词之前）I remember seeing her somewhere before.我记得以前在什么地方见过她。（发生在谓语动词之前）H

10、e suggested spending the evening with my family.他建议晚上和我的家人一起过。（发生在谓语动词之后）2 .动名词的完成式动名词的完成式主要用来强调动作发生在谓语动词之前。Later she scolded her daughter for having talked to her father like that.后来她训斥了 女儿，因为她那样对父亲说 话。You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.你可以为你出色的工作感到自豪。He regretted having

11、said such rude words to her他后悔对她说了这么粗鲁的话。3 .动名词的被动式当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受者时，动名词要用被动形式。Little Lily was afraid of being left alone at home.小莉莉害怕被单独留在家里。Sophia likes helping others and being helped.索菲娅喜欢帮助别人，也喜欢被帮助。Jack escaped being hit by a car.杰克险些被汽车撞到。We are all excited for having been praised.我们都因受到表

12、扬而激动不已。特别提示动名词的语态取决于动名词与逻辑主语之间的关系。动名词的逻辑主语是动作的发出者时，用动名词的主 动式；动名词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，用动名词的被动式。1 really regret misunderstanding my friend.（误解了 朋友）I really regret being misunderstood by my friend.（被朋友误解）Tom tried to avoid meeting her.（避免遇见她）Tom tried to avoid being met by her.（避免被她遇见）4 .动名词的否定式动名词的否定式由“not+动

13、名词”组成。Trying without success is better than not trying at all.尝试了没有成功也比一点也不尝试好。I have no excuse for not going with you.我没有不跟你去的理由。三、动名词作主语动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。单个的动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用单数，由and连接两 个或多个动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。Reading is important in learning English.阅读在学习英语的过程中很重要。Colle

14、cting stones and growing flowers are my father s hobbies.收集石头和种花是我父亲的业余爱好。Finding a job is difficult these days.如今找工作不容易。Smoking may cause cancer.吸烟可能致癌。重耍提示动名词作主语，有时可以用it作形式主语，把动名词后置。常见于It*s no use/no good/fun/pleasure/a waste of time”和 “Its useful/nice/useless/tiring”等句式中。It is no use crying over

15、spilt milk.覆水难收。Its nice talking with you.与你交谈感觉真好。Its really tiring working late like this.工作到这么晚真累人。It is a waste of time talking about such a thing.谈论这种事情是浪费时间。注在第一种情况下，表语为“no+名词”，一般用动名词作主语，不用不定式。在第二种情况下，用动名 词或不定式均可。在“主系表”结构中，动名词作主语说明表语的具体内容。Working as a lawyer is his ambition.当律师是他的抱负。Going to b

16、ed is the only way to cure your disease.上床唾觉是治疗你的病的唯一办法。Looking after children is her job .照顾孩子是她的工作。Keeping the offices clean is my duty.保持办公室清洁是我的职责。Finding a job in an office is his only wish.在办公室找工作是他的唯一愿望。Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job产卵是蚁后的全职工作。Playing games online is the boys fav

17、ourite.在网上玩游戏是这个男孩的最爱。Playing tennis is my favourite sport.打网球是我最喜欢的运动。Going to the Tower of London is her first delight.参观伦敦塔是她的第一乐事。以上例句中，因为主语和表语是对等关系，所以可以交换两者的位置而保持句意不变。交换位置后，动名 词由句子的主语变成了表语。Going to bed is the only way to cure your disease.上床睡觉是治疗你的病的唯一办法。f The only way to cure your disease is g

18、oing to bed.治疗你的病的唯一办法是上床睡觉。四、动名词作宾语动名词既可以作及物动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。1 .作及物动词的宾语He hasnt finished reading the science fiction.他还没读完那部科幻小说。We must practise speaking English.我们必须练习说英语。Roger suggests having a discussion.罗杰建议讨论一下。We enjoy reading English stories.我们喜欢读英语故事。I first considered phoning him, but the

19、n decided to see him.我开始想给他打电话，但后来决定见他。 知识积累常见的使用动名词作宾语的动词和短语动词有:admit承认 advise建议allow允许avoid避免bear忍受cant help禁不住 consider考虑delay推迟deny否认enjoy喜欢deny否认enjoy喜欢escape避开fiinish完成give up放弃 imagine想象give up放弃 imagine想象include包括 insist on坚持keep保持ke叩on持续keep保持ke叩on持续mind介意miss错过put off推迟permit允许resist抵抗risk

20、冒险suggest建议 quit停止put off推迟permit允许resist抵抗risk冒险suggest建议 quit停止practise 练习 forbid 禁止stand忍受stop停止2 .作介词的宾语My parents objected to doing that.我父母反对那样做。Im looking forward to visiting China.我正盼望着到中国游玩。My husband is fond of playing basketball.我丈夫喜欢打篮球。Yuan Longping devotes all his time and energy to st

21、udying nice.袁隆平把他所有的时间和精力都献给了水稻研究。I ke叩fit by swimming.我通过游泳保持健康。They spent a lot of time in searching for ways to solve the problem.他们花了 大量时间寻找解决问题的办法。We are busy in making arrangements for Christmas.我们正忙着为圣诞节做准备。知识积累以下短语动词可以接动名词作宾语，其中to为介词，不是动词不定式符号admit to承认devoteto把献给object to反对see to注意;处理be use

22、d to习惯于 get down to开始做 stick to 坚持 lead to导致be equal to等于look forward to期待take to开始喜欢pay attention to注意be accustomed to习惯于五、动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构即含有逻辑主语的动名词短语。为了说明动名词表示动作的施事者（动作发出者），需要在 动名词之前加上逻辑主语。代词用宾格代词或物主代词表示，名词使用普通格或所有格表示，这便构成了 动名词的复合结构。物主代词或名词所有格作逻辑主语动名词的复合结构在句中作主语或表语时，其逻辑主语用物主代词或名词所有格。Your coming

23、to visit is a great encouragement to us.你们的来访对我们是极大的鼓励。Marys crying annoyed him.玛丽的啼哭让他恼火。What s troubling us is their not having done away with so many cigarette ads.烦扰我们的是他们没有处理这么多 的香烟广告。人称代词宾格或名词普通格作逻辑主语动名词的复合结构在句中作宾语时，其逻辑主语可以用物主代词或名词所有格，也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格。She didnt mind his/him crying.她不介意他哭泣。Is t

24、here any hope of Tom s/Tom winning the game?汤姆有赢比赛的希望吗？动名闻的逻辑主语如果是无生命事物，或者有生命事物表示泛指意义时，只能用名词普通格物Can you hear the noise of the sofa being dragged?你能听见沙发被拖动的声音吗？Have you heard of women playing football?你听说过女子踢足球吗？动名词的复合结构的语法作用作句子主语:My daughters staying up so late worried me.我的女儿睡得很晚令我担心作动词宾语:Do you mi

25、nd Tom opening the window?你介意汤姆打开窗户吗？作介词宾语:The novel is about three sisters growing up.这本小说是关于三姐妹成长的故事作句子表话:He was scolded and he reason was his being late for school他被训斥，原因是他上学迟到。动名词的逻辑主语的形式及动名词的否定形式，使用正误诊断：第一组His asking questions is a good habit. （E）He asking questions is a good habit.（误）Him askin

26、g questions is a good habit.:（误）Tom s asking questions is a good habit. （IE）Tom asking questions is a good habit. （E）注在非正式英语中，动名词的逻辑主语为名词时，作主语有时也使用普通格形式，如句。又如:My daughter staying up so late worried me.我的女儿睡得很晚令我担心。第二组Do you mind his asking questions?（正）Do you mind him asking questions?（正）Do you mind

27、 he asking questions?（误）Do you mind Toms asking questions?（正）Do you mind Tom asking questions?（ 正）第三组Tom felt sorry for not inviting Mary to his birthday party.（IE）A. Tom felt oy for inviting not Mary to his birthday party.（误）Tom felt sorry for his not inviting Mary to his birthday party.（正）A. Tom f

28、elt sorry for not his inviting Mary to his birthday party.（误）Tom felt sorry for not having ivied Mary to his birthday party.（jE）A. Tom felt sorry for having not invited Mary to his birthday party.（误）Tom felt sorry for his not having invited Mary to his birthday party. （IE）A. Tom felt sorry for his h

29、aving not invited Mary to his birthday party. （iM）本书观点动名词的复合结构相当于一个含有逻辑主语的动名词结构，具有名词属性。因此，可以作句子的主语、及 物动词或介词的宾语，以及表语等。其意义在于：它不仅说明了动作本身，还说明该动作的施事者。传达 出的信息是：一个非限定的“主谓结构”的事件。只有这样理解动名词的复合结构才能掌握它的作用，更 好地理解这种语言现象。六、语法全解训练I .用括号内所给词语的正确形式完成下列句子1. Nothing could stop the Polish musician（ compose ）his extraord

30、inary symphony.2. The violin concert composed by famous Chinese composers deserves to（hear）.3. Ifs no good(tear ) apart a couple in love.4. You can rely on me( overcome ) these difficulties.5. The piano solo, as well as the folk song, is pleasant(listen to )but hard to compose.6. The tunes of countr

31、y music are easy(sing), and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought.7. When(listen ) to country music, you feel as if the rural surroundings were like heaven.8. The loud jazz is not suitable( play) in the open air.9. You can hear the voice of the master whispering in your ear, Dont abandon hope.

32、Keep(play).As soon as they arrived at the theatre, the orchestra got down to( practise )playing.10. Do you mind my( whisper) to your girlfriend?11. You are so enthusiastic that I enjoy( accompany)by you.12. This gifted composer didnt give up(compose )until he was very old.13. Experts suggest(combine

33、) your theory with practice, which will achieve dramatic results.14. Please stop( stare) at the girl. Its impolite.15. When I stopped her from joining the chorus, she couldnt help(cry) and kept(weep).16. Have you finished( compose ) your violin concert and solo?17. ( guarantee ) the quality of produ

34、cts is forever the goal of our company.18. He enjoyed a reputation as a brilliant musician by( compose ) remarkable pieces.19. The bad surroundings kept on( depress ) the music genius , so he felt upset and even desperate.20. Many musicians started( make ) predictions about the extraordinary future

35、the composer would possess.21. We look forward to(transform ) our current situation with ease.22. Stop(weep) and start(sweep) the house.23. A crowd of enthusiastic music lovers kept on( stream ) into the grand theatre.1.1 1 held my breath(stare) at the distant jeep, and all of a sudden an unusual ha

36、ndkerchief grabbed my attention.26. She is good at( deal with ) complicated things with ease.27. On( arrive ) at the airport, the team consisting of ten players were warmly greeted by their fans.28. The communists have devoted themselves to( defend ) their country against invaders.29. Next time you

37、go(shop), throw in a few extra fruit and vegetables.30. (overcome ) the difficulties and transforming the present situation are our main tasks.II.用所给词的正确形式完成句子Why did you keep me here for so long a time? (wait)1. The little boy insisted on with a cake.(serve )He joined in their party instead of at h

38、ome.(stay)2. Please dont waste so much time TV. You should work hard at your English. ( watch )remembered the book to you; you must have lost it. (return)6. It is considered no good without understanding.(recite)-Did Helen know the news?-Sorry, I forgot her about it. (tell)John stopped a rest becaus

39、e he had worked for eight hours. ( have )1.1 regretted her like that. I was sorry to do so. ( answer)Cant you see Im busy? ( cook)10. Jack was a lazy boy. I often caught him in class. ( sleep )feel like for a long walk. Would you like with me? (go)1. .1 havent got a chair on. Will you make room for

40、me? (sit)We couldnt help after we heard his funny story. (laugh)14. Im afraid your suggestion cant help the service of their shop. (improve)Attention must be paid to prevent the jewelry shop from.(rob)15. He was not used to by air, so he felt unwell. (travel)In my opinion, the book is well worth onc

41、e again. ( read )16. After finishing her lessons, she set about supper. ( prepare )You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had up her children. ( bring )17. Will you be able to attend the lecture next week? ( give ).1 felt it an honor to speak here. ( ask)23. Helens Jack made her mother very

42、 angry.( marry )-What has made his parents so angry?-Oh, just his electrical bike. (lose)to loud noises for a long time will have one s hearing harmed. ( expose )24. The old man used to a walk in the afternoon and his stick was used to him. But nowhe is used to TV. (take; support; watch)25. When it

43、comes to in public, no one can match him. ( speak)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without.( recognize )26. It*s quite hot today. Do you feel like for a swim? (go)Young people may risk deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. (go)27. One learns a language b

44、y making mistakes and them. ( correct)Bill suggested a meeting on what to do for the expo during the vacation. ( hold)1. .1 still remember what I saw there. (take ) to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.34. You cant imagine what difficulty we had home in the snowstorm. ( walk)一Can I smoke here?一S

45、orry. We dont allow here. ( smoke)As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area needed.(repair)35. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks could be heard outside the classroom. ( open andclose)36. Going shopping on Sundays seems to my mother a rule never.( break )HL

46、用所给动词的适当形式完成语篇I crossed the street to avoid(meet) him, but he saw me and came( run) towards me. It was no use( pretend )that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy( meet) Williams. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on( come ) with you. I had to

47、think of a way of( prevent) him from( follow ) me around all morning. Hello, Williams, nI said.Fancy(meet) you here!*“Hi, Elizabeth,“ Williams answered.uI was just wondering how to spend the morning -until I saw you. Youre not busy( do) anything , are you?”“No, I answered. Im going to.v“Would you mind my( come ) with you?” he asked, before I finished(speak).“ Not at all, “ I said, u but Fm going to the dentist.“Then Ill come with you,“ he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the(wait) room!选择性必修一Unit2 The universal language语法复习1.1. composing 2. be heard 3. tearing 4. to overcome 5. to l