2022北京高三（上）期末英语汇编：阅读理解C篇.docx

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1、2022北京高三（上）期末英语汇编阅读理解C篇一、阅读理解（2022北京通州高三期末）In mid-2019, an Indonesian design team submitted a plan to an international design competition for a new type of submarine （潜艇）.It wasnt designed for military purposes or for exploring the ocean. The main purpose of this submarine was to create ice blocks t

2、o replace sea ice in the Polar Regions.In the summer months of 2019, a massive heat wave shocked Europe and broke a number of high temperature records. As （he hot air moved north over the Arctic, the ice sheet covering Greenland melted at an unexpected rate. Ice melt at the poles is normal in the su

3、mmer months. Lost icc is often regained by refreezing in winter. But the fast melting rate could mean a permanent loss of polar ice, which would have global consequences.Dealing with such a large-scale problem requires large-scale solutions. While many solutions look at reducing the greenhouse gases

4、, few are aimed at repairing the effects of climate change. The ice-making submarine proposed to do just that.The ice-making submarines basic design involves forming a large hexagonal （六边形的）ice block of roughly 25 meters across and 5 meters thick. A large container in the submarine would be filled w

5、hen submerged under water. Then the slow process of desalination （脱盐）and freezing would begin. After about a month, the submarine would discharge （卸 卜）the ice block and begin the process all over again. The overall vision would be to have multiple submarines working together, so （hat the hexagonal b

6、locks could be pushed together to fbrm a single large ice sheet.The design was beautifully presented and won second place. However, the science behind the design came under criticism. One criticism was how the massive amounts of energy needed to desalinate and freeze the waler would be provided. Ano

7、ther was that the amount of heat generated by the freezing process would result in a net warming effect. Additionally, the ice would be too thin to stay frozen for a significant amount of time. The designers couldnt sufficiently answer many of the scientific criticisms. Their inventive idea docs, ho

8、wever, indicate the need for creative solutions in repairing the loss of polar ice.1. The ice-making submarine was designed to.A.explore （he oceanB.achieve military purposesC.record rates of melting polar iceD.make up for the decrease of polarice2. The 4th paragraph is mainly about.A.the limitation

9、of （he new designB.（he process of making ice blocksC.the features of the ice-making submarines D.the challenges that the designers encountered3. What can we learn from the passage?A. The design introduces a unique angle for dealing with climate crisis.B. The designers are confident about the effecti

10、veness of （he submarine.C. The lost ice can be regained by refreezing in spite of fast melting rate.D. The ice-making submarine is one of the solutions to reduce greenhouse gases.4. As for the design of ice-making submarine, the author is.（2022北京海淀高三期末）Pioneers like Harvard social ecologist Stephen

11、Kellert were among the first to champion modern biophilic design. Kellert believed that weaving nature into living and workspaces is critical for good physical and mental health.Humans have evolved to gravitate towards nature. Kellert noted, but if we dont develop that impulse it fades. So his princ

12、iples include access to natural light, air, water, plants, and gardens. Using materials such as wood and stone, natural designs such as leaf or shell patterns, and earthy colors also helps humans to feel closer to nature.Biophilic designs can be seen in cities and buildings around （he world. Modern

13、examples include the Jewel Changi Airport in Singapore, with its four-storey forest garden and worlds largest indoor waterfall fed by rainwater. Or the Swedish Mirrorcube tree house hotel, mainly made of used plywood and a lightweight aluminum（铝）frame wrapped around a tree.Spectacular biophilic home

14、s include One Central Park in Sydney apartment blocks featuring hanging gardens on the outside. The buildings recycle their own water and a suspended（悬浮的）motorized mirror system reflects sunlight down onto gardens below. Milans Bosco Verticale block is perhaps even more eye-catching with its vertica

15、l forest of 17,000 trees, bushes, and plants.Putting biophilic design to work for society could prevent millions in healthcare costs, with one study estimating annual savings of $93 million in the US alone. Hospital design in particular has historically been influenced by access to sunlight and view

16、s of nature. Modem buildings like （he Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in Singapore, with its position next （o the waterfall of the Yishun Pond, arc closely linked with their surroundings. The hospital channels outdoor air to cool the inside, and uses reflective sunshades to direct light into the wards to br

17、ighten them and save energy.The aim of these designs is to emphasize the human connection to nature by integrating buildings with the local environment. But how do we bring biophilia into our homes? Start with house plants. New smart home apps can also provide sensory nature experiences such as bird

18、song and a projected forest canopy, helping people to carve out a restful space indoors.But perhaps the best way to transform society with biophilic designs is to start with schools. Children learn better and feel more relaxed in biophilic settings. So the Children and Nature Network is working with

19、 schools across the US to create green schoolyards for better physical and mental health and （o increase opportunities for outdoor learning.Biophilic designers are bringing nature into classrooms through natural patterns, shapes and colors, nature photography, artwork and materials like timber and s

20、tone. Fresh air flow, green walls, and aquariums all become part of a recipe fbr improving health and academic success.31. According to the passage, Stephen Kellert probably believes that.A. humans* inborn love for nature wont be lessenednature can improve peoples sense of responsibilityB. humans ne

21、ed to appreciate and make good use of naturenatural materials have taken priority in modern building designs32. What do the examples of biophilic designs in the passage have in common?A. They apply smart home technology.B. They promote sustainable development.C. They include waterfalls and gardens i

22、nside.D. They use local resources to cut the cost of buildings.33. From the last two paragraphs, we learn that biophilic designs.A. have greatly transformed schoolshelp improve students performanceB. focus mainly on students mental healthhave moved most of （he classrooms outside34. Which of the foll

23、owing would be the best title for the passage?A. Lets Invite Nature InsideB. Live Naturally and SimplyC. The Best Natural Building Designer D. Ups and Downs of Natural Buildings（2022d匕京东城高三期末）The digital revolution has arrived. As automation becomes ever more common, even those professions once thou

24、ght to be insulated from technological disruption （扰乱）face an uncertain future. Given that state of uncertainty, Northeastern University President Joseph Aoun argues that college graduates can no longer be confident that the job they hold will be financially sustainable for the long term. Automation

25、, long a threat to low-skilled jobs, is now cost-effective in all repetitive work, including high-skilled jobs in health care, law, and research. Thus, for many the prospect of being replaced by a robot is more pressing.To address this, it falls to higher education to prepare graduates for changes t

26、hat are sweeping through the world of work. But how can institutions prepare the next generation, when its not clear what professions will exist to employ them?Aoun argues that universities must reinvent themselves to address （his age of disruption and to provide their students with the educational

27、foundation that ensures their employability in the coming decades. To do so, he calls for higher education to focus on those features that separate humans from machines. He named this new framework Humanics.Aoun details a two-ticrcd （两层的）structure for Humanics and explains how these tiers work toget

28、her to develop creativity in students. The first tier consists of 21 st-century literacies that he argues must be central to any forward-thinking educational program. In addition to reading, writing, and arithmetic, Aoun argues that all students must be competent in data interpretation and analysis,

29、 technical functions like engineering, and human-centric studies such as design thinking and communication.This first tier of literacies forms the basis fbr Aouns second tier of cognitive （认知的）capacities. Systems thinking, critical thinking, and cultural awareness constitute the mind-sets that Aoun

30、argues are critical to distinguishing human employees from machines. A student with these mind-sets can solve problems creatively while making logical judgments.Having defined what a robot-proof education must involve, Aoun looks into how that education should be offered and what colleges and univer

31、sities must do to meet the needs of a modern student body. He calls for higher education to fully accept experiential, lifelong learning. He argues that it is only through rich experiences that students can apply their 21st- century literacies to complex problems, which will eventually shape their m

32、ind-sets. This type of learning must he lifelong because the rapid rate of change that accompanies automation will require that students consistently refresh their skill setsAoun acknowledges that education will never be a cure-all for societys ills. A more practical approach might be to see Humanic

33、s not as a new medicine but rather as a supplement to our current educational system.In an automated world, to prepare for the economic disruption such automation may cause, higher education must create a generation of graduates that is liberated to think creatively while continuing to function in m

34、ore traditional capacities. Perhaps that will ensure workers and the universities that educate them are indeed robot proof.35. What does the underlined word insulated in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. GeneratedB. ShelteredC. Prohibited. D. Separated.36. What can we learn about automation from the firs

35、t two paragraphs?A. It has posed a threat to employment.B. It has made high-skilled jobs demanding.C. It helps to fuel the process of digitalization. D. It promotes the development of new professions.37. According to Joseph Aoun, institutions should.A. set the trend for automationB. provide a robot-

36、proof educationC. redefine the framework of HumanicsD. value cognitive capacities over literacies38. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Where is automation leading us?B. What does Humanics mean(o universities?C. Why is it critical to acquire higher education? D. How can we get ready for an unce

37、rtain future?参考答案1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一项用于修复气候变化影响的设计制冰潜艇。1 .推埋判断题。根据文章第一段关键句The main purpose of this submarine was to create ice blocks to replace sea ice in ihe Polar Regions.（这艘潜艇的主要目的是制造冰块来取代极地地区的海冰。）及第二段关键句But the缶st melting rate could mean a permanent loss of polar ice, which wou

38、ld have global consequences. （但是，快速的融化速度可能意味 着极地冰川的永久消失，这将产生全球性的后果。）可推知，制冰潜艇被设计用来制冰，从而弥补极地冰的减少。 故选D项。2 .主旨大意题。根据文章第四段关键句The ice-making submarines basic design involves forming a large hexagonal ice block of roughly 25 meters across and 5 meters thick. A large container in the submarine would be fill

39、ed when submerged under water. Then （he slow process of desalination and freezing would begin. After about a month, the submarine would discharge the icc block and begin the process all over again.”（造冰潜艇的基本设计包括形成一个大约25米宽、5米厚 的大型六边形冰块。当潜艇被淹没在水下时，潜艇内的一个大容器就会装满水。然后，海水淡化和冷冻的缓慢过程 就会开始。大约一个月后，潜艇会排出冰块，然后重新

40、开始这一过程。）可知，第四段描述了制冰的过程。故选B 项。3 .细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句While many solutions look at reducing the greenhouse gases, few are aimed at repairing the effects of climate change. The ice-making submarine proposed to do just that.” （虽然许多解决方案着眼于减 少温室气体，但很少有解决方案着眼于修复气候变化的影响。造冰潜艇就打算这么做。）可知，制冰潜艇的设计引 入了应对气候危机的独特角度。故选A

41、项。4 .推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句The designers couldnt sufficiently answer many of the scientific criticisms. Their inventive idea does, however, indicate the need fbr creative solutions in repairing the loss of polar ice.”（设计师们无 法充分回答许多科学上的批评。然而，他们的创造性想法确实表明，需要创造性的解决方案来修复极地冰川的消 失。）可见，作者对于这项设计表示支持。故选C项。5. C 6.

42、 D 7. A【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了一项关于唱歌和外语习得之间关系的研究，研究表明：唱歌可能带来学习外语的新 方法，”听并且重复”的唱歌方法有助于外语学习。5 .推理判断题。由第段“Have you ever found yourself in this situation: You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child a bit of nostalgia （，怀 I日）or “blast from the past, as we say. But it is not a distant childhood memory.

43、 The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago.（你有没有发现自己处于这样的境地：你听 到一首你小时候经常唱的歌一点怀旧或者我们所说的“来自过去的爆炸”。但这不是遥远的童年记忆。这些歌词 回到你的脑海里，就像你多年前唱的那样清晰）和第二段Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language. They f

44、ound that remembering words in a song was the best way lo remember even one of the most difficult languages.（爱堡大学的研究者们研究了音乐和记忆外语之间的关系。 他们发现记住歌曲中的单词是记住最难的语言的最好方法）“可知，第一段开头通过举例“歌曲”导入话题，人们都清 楚地记得儿时唱歌的歌词，第二段讲了音乐和记忆外语之间的关系，可得出第一段所说的“歌町是为了导入主题。 故选C项。6 .推埋判断题。根据倒数第二段中“singing could lead to new ways to lear

45、n a foreign language. The brain likes to remember things when （hey are contained in a catchy or memorable lune.（唱歌可能带来学习外语的新方法。大脑喜欢记 住琅琅上口或令人难忘的旋律）”和最后一段中“This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the

46、door for future research in this area.（这项研究提供了 第一个实验证据，证明了“听并且重复的唱歌方法”可以支持外语学习，并为该领域的进一步研究打开了大门）”可推 断，大脑喜欢记住琅琅上口或令人难忘的旋律，即当外语学习者用“听并且重复的唱歌方法”唱单词时，大脑可能工 作最好，故选D项。7 .推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language

47、learning, and opens the door for future research in this area.（这项研究提供了第一个 实验证据，即听并且重复的唱歌方法可以支持外语学习，并为将来在这方面的研究打开大门）”可推断，此项研究对 于外语学习者非常有用，一个美国人要学汉语可以采用此方法。故选A项。8 . A 9. B 10. D 11. D【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了鉴于人工智能目前的技术瓶颈，它无法完全做到从另一个角度看待事 物，科学家需要解决该技术瓶颈问题。9 .词义猜测题。根据第四段的“such as a turtle with a special she

48、ll pattern that an AI misidentifies as a gun.（比如一只带 有特殊外壳图案的乌龟，被AI误认为是一把枪。）“可知，人工智能可以被一些人类可以亳无问题识别出的图片弄 糊涂。因此confuse一词可以解释划线词。故选A。10 推理判断题。根据第六段的“In one case, a school bus that was correctly identified in the original image was misidentified as a punching bag when shown in close-up, and as a snow pl

49、ough when upside down in the road.（在 、案 例中，一辆在原始图像中被正确识别的校车在近距离显示时被错误地识别为沙袋，而当倒置在路上时被错误地识别 为雪犁。）”可知，校车的例子被用来说明人工智能识别系统并没有你想象的那么智能。故选B。11 .推理判断题。根据最后一段He, Clune and others have been uncovering these problems for the past few years, but nobody knows how to fix them. The biggest barrier to progress is that when an AI looks at an image, it cant extract rules about the object that would help it identify a si