2023年操作系统Linux内核编译实验报告.docx

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1、操作系统课程设计实验报告实验名称：linux的内核编译姓名/学号：一、实验目的熟悉linu x的使用，编译内核二、实验内容1 .编译linux的新内核.将学号添加到新内核启动菜单中三、团实验环境.软件环境：Win d ows 7旗舰版VMw a r e W o rkstati o n 8Ubunt u Kyi i n 13.04（内核版本 Ubundu with Lin u x 3 .8.0-19）.团硬件环境In t el core i 5 2450M四、团程序设计与实现1.团下载并安装 VMware Workstatio n 以及 Ubuntuk y 1 ini 3 . 04x - n r

2、oot)ubuntu: /home/wcsbfangourootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# update-grupNo command update-grup found, did you mean:Command update-grub from package grub (main)Command update-grub from package grub2-common (main) update-grup: command not found rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# update-grubGenerating grub.cfg .

3、Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin done rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfgLj *grub.cfg xelsesearch -no-floppy -fs-uuid -set=root 74a43acf-97f0-4b70- Jc61-c889399edac8 ftlinux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.6 root=UUID=74a43acf-97f0-4b7O-ac61- :889399edac8 ro ftnd_preseed=/preseed.c

4、fg auto noprompt )riortty=crittcal locale=en_US quietIsubmenu Advanced options for Ubuntu $menuentry_id_optton gnultnux- Jdvanced-74a43acf-97f0-4b70-ac61-c889399edac8, menuentry Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.6.1120111933 -class jbuntu - -class gnu-linux - -class gnu - -|class os $menuentry_td_option 1gnul

5、inux-3.13.6-advanced-74a43acf-97f0-4b70-ac61-c889399edac8 recordfailload_videogfxmode $ltnux_gfx_modeinsmod gzioinsmod part_msdosinsmod ext2set root=hd0,nsdoslif x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ; then0，|i （3）重启电脑，可以实现选择内核，学号添加到新内核启动菜单中了GNU GRUB version 2.00-13ubuntu3lllbuntuAdvanced options for

6、UbuntuMemory test (memtest86+)Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)Use the * and + keys to select which entry is highlighted. Press enter to boot the selected OS, e to edit the commands before booting or c for a command-line.GNU GRUB version 2.00-13ubuntu3Ubuntu,withLinux3.13.6 (recoverymo

7、de)Ubuntu,withLinuxUbuntu,withLinux(recoverymode)Use the 个 and ， keys to select which entry is highlighted.Press enter to boot the selected OS, e to edit the commands before booting or for a command-line. ESC to return五、团实验收获与体会开始安装u b u ntu后，开机进入的界面是类似于终端的界面，没有图形界 面，后来查了一下，才知道输入st a rtx才是打开桌面程序。尚有就

8、是更新源的 问题，系统默认是美国的源，更新一些东西的时候总是失败，后来查了一下才知 道问题所在，然后把更新源改成了北交,再加上学校的IPV6网，下载更新简直 神速。其实尚有碰到好多问题，比如无法上网、无法从主系统拷贝文献到虚拟机 什么的，都是通过百度搜索解决的，就不一一列举了。由于之前基本没有用过Ubun t u,对U b u nt u 一无所知，通过这次实验， 大体了解了一下Ub u ntu的基本操作和原理。每次操作都非常的大胆，做错了大 不了从新安装Ubun t u,反正是虚拟机，不是太在乎。没怎么用到书，由于感 觉书上的东西还要自己慢慢找，然后就一直通过搜索引擎查找想要的知识，但是 网上

9、的资源良莠不齐，还得慢慢辨别是否实用。 DevicesPresentAuto detectPresentAuto detectP a s sw o r d：（在此输入你上面设立的密码）Home I (Ijj Ubuntu x |匕 Ubuntu Power on this virtual machine国 Edit virtual machine settingsMi Memory2 GB Processors4a Hard Disk (SCSD 20 GBfCD/DVD (IDE) Using file D:v. 位 Network Ad叩NATQ USB Controller O Soun

10、d Card V Printer /DisplayDescriptionType here to enter a description of this virtual machine. Virtual Machine DetailsState: Powered offConfiguration file: D:UbuntuUbuntu.vmxHardware compatibility: Workstation 8.0 virtual machine开机先获取root权限sudo pas s wd rootE n ter n ew U NIX pa s sword:(在这输入你的密码)Ret

11、ype new UNIX p a ssword:(拟定你输入的密码)pa s swd: pas swo r d update d s u c c e ssfully以后,假如在想获得root权限，只需进行如下的操作:su roo t*!|O4O1;*VMware Easy InstallPLEASE HAIT! VMware Tools is currently being installed on your system. Depending on the version of Ubuntu you are installing, you may log in below and use t

12、he system during the installation. Otherwise, please wait for the graphical environment to launch. Thank you.*田*：40*叱*叱*叱叱*毋ubuntu login： ucsbfangouPassword:Last login: Tue Mar 18 21:40:23 CST 2014 on ttylWelcome to Ubuntu 13.04 (GNU/Linux 3.8.0-19-generic 1686)* Documentation： Your Ubuntu release i

13、s not supported anymore.For upgrade information, please visit： http :/ujujuj. ubuntu. com/releaseendof lifeNew release 13.10 available.Run do-release-upgrade to upgrade to it.tucsbf angouubuntu ：su rootPassword:root Oubunt u ： /home/uicsb-f angou#接下来的实验都是在获得roo t权限下操作的。打开系统查看系统信息All Settings Details

14、All Settings DetailsDevice nameMemory Processor GraphicsOS type Diskubuntu 13.04x - Detailsubuntu2.0 CiBIntel cjare* i5-2450M CPU 2.50GHz * 4Gallium 0.4 on llvmpipe (LLVM 3.2,256 bits) 32-bit19.9 GB按住Ctrl+a It+t打开终端，并输入un a me -a以查看内核版本信息r x - n rootubuntu: /home/wcsbfangourootubuntu:/home/wcsbfango

15、u# uname -aLinux ubuntu 3.8.0-19-genertc #29-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 17 18:19:42 UTC 2013 1686 t 686 1686 GNU/Linux rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# ，可见此版本是的内核2.下载内核并编译（1）我下载好的内核存放在D ownload文献夹里，为了方便直观，我又新 建了一个名为kern e I的文献夹（mk d ir kernel）,并将下载好的内核存放在k e rnel 文献夹里（cp - / r o ot / Down 1 oads/Lin u x -3.13.

16、6.t a r .x z / home/w c sb f a n gou/kernel）ox - n root（）ubuntu: /home/wcsbFangou/kernelrootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# mkdir kernelrootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# IsDesktopDownloads MusicPublicVideosDocuments kernelPictures Templates 桌面rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# cp -r /root/Downloads/ltnux-3.13.6.tar.x

17、z /home/i csbfangou/kernelrootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# cd kernelrootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel# Isrootubuntu: /home/wcsbfangou/kernel.# |(2 )解压下载好的内核文献，输入xz -d I i nux- 3 .13.6. t ar. xz后按回车，再输入后按回车，然后会发现ke r n e 1下的文献变成 1 inux3. 1 3.6 和 I i nux- 3 .13.6. tar=root()ubuntu: /home/wcsbfangou/kerne

18、l八nitamfs_data.S八Irt/.linux-3.13.6/virt/kvn/vfio.c rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel# Is linux-3.13.6 (3)进入 ker n el 文献夹(cd linux-3. 1 5 . 5 ),然后执行 make menuconfig提醒缺少n cu rse s的库渣了一下百度，需要输入apt-g e t i n sta 1 I li b n curses 5 de v来安装缺失的库。I make: * menuconfig Error 2rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/ker

19、nel/linux-3.13.6# cd.cd.: command not foundrootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel/linux-3.13.6# cd .rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel# cd .ootOubuntu:/home/wcsbfanaou#install libncuses5de /（4）安装好之后再执行make menuco n fig即可设立，我是参考错误!未定义书签。这个网址进行设立的x - = .config - Ltnux/x86 3.13.6 Kernel ConfigurationArrow

20、keys navigate the menu. selects submenus (or empty submenus -). Highlighted letters are hotkeys. Pressing includes, excludes, modularizes features. Press to exit, for Help, for Search. Legend: * butlt-tn 64-btt kernelGeneral setup -* provide systen-wtde ring of trusted keys* nable loadable module su

21、pport * nable the block layer -Processor type and features ower management and ACPI options Bus options (PCI etc.) xecutable file formats / Emulations -* - N-tworktng support 设立之后选择S a ve 一下便退出，然后执行makex - r= root$)CCCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/scattered.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.oCCarch/x86/kernel/

22、cpu/proc.oMKCAP arch/x86/kernel/cpu/capflags.cCCCCCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/comnon.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/rdrand.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/natch.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu八ntel.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/cyrtx.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.oCCarch/x86/kernel/

23、cpu八ransneta.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/umc.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_amd.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_amd_uncore.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_p6.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_knc.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_p4.o这一步花费时间最长，我是晚上十一点多执行的，知道凌晨1:30

24、才执行完,一直守候在电脑前不离不弃，太坑了，早知道要这么长时间就第二天在弄了。(5)按照顺序执行 mak e modul e sjnstal 1 和 mak e ins tallIHEX2FW ftrnware/emt62/spdtf.fwIHEX2FW firmware/emt62/nidi.fwIHEX ftrnware/kaweth/new_code.btnIHEX firnware/kaweth/trigger_code.binIHEX ftrmware/kaweth/new_code_ftx.binIHEX ftrmware/kaweth/trtgger_code_ftx.binIH

25、EX firmware八t_3416.fw IHEX ftrnware/tt_5eS2.fwIHEX ftrmware/mts_cdma.fwIHEX ftrnware/nts_gsn.fwIHEX ftrnware/mts_edge.fwH16T0FW ftrnware/edgeport/boot.fwH16TOFW firmware/edgeport/boot2.fwH16T0FW ftrmware/edgeport/down.fwH16TOFW firmware/edgeport/down2.fwIHEX ftrnware/edgeport/down3.binIHEX2FW ftrmwa

26、re/whtteheat_loader.fwIHEX2FW firmware/whiteheat.fwIHEX2FW ftrmware/keyspan_pda/keyspan_pda.fwIHEX2FW firmware/keyspan_pda/xircom_pgs.fwIHEXftrmware/cpla2/stv0672_vp4.btnIHEXftrmware/yam/1266.binIHEXfirnware/yam/96ee.binrootfflubuntu:/home/wcsbfanqou/kernel/ltnux-3.13.6# make modules Install!INSTALL

27、 /ltb/ftrnware/emt62/ntdt.fwINSTALL /lib/firnware/kaweth/new_code.binINSTALL 八tb/ftrmware/kaweth八rtgger_code.binINSTALL /lib/firmware/kaweth/new_code_fix.binINSTALL 八tb/fIrmware/kaweth八rtgger_code_flx.binINSTALL /ltb/ftrnware/tt_34ie.fw INSTALL /Xib/firmware/ti_5652.fwINSTALL /Itb/ftrnware/nts_cdma.

28、fwINSTALL /lib/firmware/nts_gsm.fwINSTALL /ltb/ftrmware/nts_edge.fwINSTALL /llb/ftrmware/edgeport/boot.fwINSTALL /lib/firmware/edgeport/boot2.fwINSTALL /lib/ftrnware/edgeport/down.fwINSTALL /ltb/firmware/edgeport/down2.fwINSTALL /ltb/flrmware/edgeport/down3.btnINSTALL /ltb/ftrnware/whtteheat_loader.

29、fwINSTALL /lib/firmware/whiteheat.fwINSTALL /ltb/ftrnware/keyspan_pda/keyspan_pda.fwINSTALL /ltb/firnware/keyspan_pda/xtrcom_pgs.fwINSTALL /ltb/ftrmware/cpta2/stv0672_vp4.binINSTALL /ltb/ftrnware/yaA/1260.btnINSTALL /lib/firmware/yam/96e0.binrootdubuntu:/home/wcsbfanaou/kernel/ltnux-3.13.6# make ins

30、tall!(6)执行之后然后重启，打开终端输入uname -a查看内核版本信息，会发现变成了 linux-3.13. 6x - a rootf9ubuntu: /home/wcsbfangourootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# unane -aLinux ubuntu 3.13.6 #1 SMP Mon Mar 17 01:02:14 CST 2014 1686 1686 1686 GNU/Ltnux rootubuntu:/hone/wcsbfangou# |证明编译内核成功。但是为什么默认内核变成了新编译的内核，我却无法选择, 然后又搜了一些资料，找到解决的方法，会在

31、接下来环节提到。3 .实现开机选择内核与菜单显示学号(1)查阅相关资料后，得到开机选择内核的方法。打开终端输入g edit /etc/ d e fa u I t / grub,编辑 grub,注释掉 G R U B_H IDDEN_TIME 0 UT=0 然后还要update-gr u b 一下就可以再开机时候选择内核* 1匕理在线首员 个人主员 乐学 服务*grub (/etc/lkltbc-eoI93zdkH8Gxdxfvsu-08sYNq70.solltbcryptsetup.so. 4# open ,公第器篮;aelj *grub x# If you change# /boot/gru

32、b/grubJ# For full docume/# info -f grub GRUB_DEFAULT=0 #CRUB_HIDDEN_TIM GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME0i GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 CRUB_DISTRIBUTOR= CRUB_CMDLINE_LINU CRUB_CMDLINE_LINU prtortty=crtttcals,ltbnss_mdns4_ntntfnal. so. 2rootubuntu:/llbff cd modulesroot0ubuntu:/lib/modul.es# Isrootubuntu:/ltb/nodules/3.13.6# Isb

33、uild kernel nodules.alias Uncomment to enIsb modprobe.d nodules Plymouth recovery-mode resolvconf security systend terntnfo udev ufw xtablesmodules.builtin modules.builtin.bin modules.depnodules.alias.bin modules.dep.bin rootubuntu:/lib/modules/3.13.6# geditnodules.order sourcenodules.softdepnodules

34、.symbols/etc/default/grub This works withVmU.WTTobtainsu the nenory map Information from GRUB (CNUMach, kernel ofjlesjnstallII Undo 办 X 口哈 Q xi - grub (/etc/default) - gedit q Open Save W, grub x# If you change this file, run update-grub afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg.n For full document

35、ation of the options in this file, see: # info -f grub -n Simple configuration,GRUB_DEFAULT=0#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=trueGRUB_TIMEOUT=10GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=*lsb_release -i -s 2 /dev/null | echo Debian GRUBZcMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=quietGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=find_preseed=/preseed.cfg a

36、uto noprompt priortty=critical locale=en_US(2)接下来就是在开机菜单中添加学号，在终端中输入gedi r / b oot / grub/grub, cfg,来编辑g r ub.cfg,找到m e n uentry 引号中的内容可以任意 修改，然后将学号添加到新内核的版本号后边。x - o root)t/kv”ioapic.c八tt/kvm/toaptc.hrootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel.# Isltnux-3.13.6 rootubuntu:rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel/l

37、inux-3.13.6# make menuconfig HOSTCC scripts/basic/ftxdep HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o* Unable to find the ncurses libraries or the* required header files.* make menuconfig requires the ncurses libraries.* Install ncurses (ncurses-devel) and try again. *makel: * * scripts/kconfig/dochecklxdialog Error 1make: * menuconfig Error 2ootubuntu:/home/wcsbfanqou/kernel/ltnux-3.1,3.6#