天津市天津中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末英语试卷（解析版）.docx

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1、2022-2023学年天津中学高二年级第一学期期末质量检测英语试卷一、短对话（每题1分，共5题）How docs the man feel?A. Lonely. B. Excited.C. H叩py.1. When does the football match start?A. At 6: 00. B. At 8: 00. C. At 10: 00.2. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A football match. B. A TV programme. C. A training method.3. What are the

2、speakers mainly talking about?A. A forest. B. A unique plant. C. Apiece of furniture.4. Where will the woman pul her plants?A. In her backyard. B. In her window. C. On her balcony.二、长对话（每题1分，共10题）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。5. What is the talk mainly about?A. The location of plastic roads.B. The introduction to

3、plastic roads.C. The companies of making plastic roads.6. In which city might we find a plastic road according to the talk?A. London. B. Tokyo. C. Hong Kong.7. How can the bike paths in the two cities of the Netherlands be described?A. Mainly concrete. B. Partly plastic. C. Entirely plastic.8. What

4、is an advantage of plastic roads?A. They dont break down. B. They use waste plastic. C. They arc harmless.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。9. What does the speaker mainly tell us?A. The organ of the bees. B. An expression. C. A joke.10. How often is “the bees knees“ used now?A. Il is used less often than before.B. It

5、 is used more often than before.C. It is used as often as before.11. How docs the speaker draw a conclusion?A. By explaining. B. By giving examples. C. By questioning.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。12. Whats the percentage of right-handed people according to the talk?A. About 65%. B. About 75%. C. About 85%.A. Succ

6、ess is for those who are prepared.B. Rome was not built in a day.C. All is not gold that shines.D. A good heart defeats ill fortune.37. What do you know about Oprah Winfrey?A. She became famous through her family background.B. She was very lucky and seldom suffered difficulties in her life.C. She is

7、 a British talk show host.D. She became successful by her own effort.38. The writer quoted the Chinese tale of a farmer in order to show.A. man can defeat matureB. luck is your own handC. bad luck can turn into goodD. never waiting for the chance to come39. From the experiment Wiseman drew the concl

8、usion （hatA. lucky people are quick-mindcdB. unlucky people are slow to readC. lucky people often have an open mindD. unlucky people are more creativeThe underlined word “spot is the closest in meaning to ”A. DiscoverB. MarkC. MakeD. Receive【答案】36. A 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了运气属

9、于有准备的人，介绍了和幸运相关的一项研究，指出 “幸运”的人，其实是保持开放的心态，每天都不走同样的路，应该试着把坏运气变成好运气。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity,M said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. Tve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice its probably worlhlisleningto.（美国脱口

10、秀主持人奥普拉温弗瑞说：“运气就是准备遇上机会。我从来没看过她的 节目，但当一个白手起家的亿万富翁给出人生建议时，或许值得一听）”推知，作者会同意A选项“成功 属于有准备的人”这个观点。故选A。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中 “ Ive never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it,s probably worth listening to.（我从来没看过她的节目，但当一个白手起家的亿万富翁给出人生建议时， 或许值得一听）”可知，Oprah Winfrey靠自己的努力获得了成功

11、。故选D。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that docs not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If youre a Chinese, you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a

12、tree stump for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.（她的观点是，盲目的运气是非常罕见的。你可能会幸运地找到一份好工作，但这并不意味 着你应该坐在家里等待机会来找你。如果你是一个中国人，你可能已经熟悉了这样一个故事：一个农民 在树桩旁等待一只兔子跑出来折断它的脖子）”推知，作者引用“守株待兔”的故事来进一步说明个人努 力的重要性，绝不要等着机会到来。故选D。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 “ People who are “lucky”, in fact, keep an open mind and dont go throu

13、gh the same routine every day.（ “幸运”的人，其实是保持开放的心态，每天都不走同样的路）”可知，怀斯曼从 实验中得出结论：幸运的人往往思想开放。故选C。【40题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段中“On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why? On the second page of the newspaper, a command, 4*Stop countin

14、g. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper,“ was written in big letters.（平均而言，不幸的人花 了 大约 两分钟来数照片，而幸运的人只花了几秒钟。为什么？在报纸的第二页上，一条命令：“停止计数。这 份报纸上有43张照片，”他用大写字母写道）”可知，幸运的人只花了几秒钟就发现了这条信息，而不幸 的人大多没有发现这个信息。故画线词意思是“发现”。故选A。Fire ants arc famous for their construction projects (as well as their burning bites)

15、. When they need to, colonies of these insects turn themselves into ladders, chains and walls. And when flood water rises, a colony can float to safety by making an unusual boat. The ants hold tightly to each other, forming a floating disk atop the water. The antraft may float fbr months seeking saf

16、e harbor. The ants on the bottom dont drown, and the ants on the top stay dry. Working together, the ants float to safety - even though a single ant alone in the water will struggle to sun ive.“They have to stay together as a colony to survive. Nathan Mlot said.Fire ants and water dont mix. The ants

17、 hard outer shell, naturally repels water. A drop of water can sit on top of the ant like a backpack. When an ant docs end up underwater, tiny hairs on its body can trap bubbles of air that give the bug a boost up.To investigate the science behind the antraft, the scientists placed hundreds or thous

18、ands of ants at a time in the water. A group of ants took about 100 seconds, on average, to build a raft. The researchers repeated the experiment multiple times. Each time, the ants organized themselves the same way, creating a raft about the size and the thickness of a thin pancake. The rafts were

19、flexible and strong, staying together even when the researchers pushed the rafts underwater.The scientists then froze the rafts in liquid nitrogen and studied them under powerful microscopes to figure out how the ants kept everyone safe and the water out.The team found that some ants used their jaws

20、 to bite other ants5 legs. Other ants joined their legs together.Thanks to these light bonds, say the scientists, (he ants did a better job at keeping the water away than any one ant could do on its own. By working together, thousands of ants can stay alive in the face of a crisis like a flood by us

21、ing their own bodies to build a boat.40. When flood conics, fire ants.B. find a hole to hide themselvesD. climb onto boats on the waterB. Their hard outer shell.D. Their backpack on its body top.A. will run away separatelyC. combine themselves into a raft41. What makes fire ants stay afloat?A. Tiny

22、hairs on their body.C. Their slippery skin.42. After scientists put fire ants into the water, they.A. built a raft in 100 minutesC. organized themselves in different ways44. The story of fire ants proves the importance ofA. practiceB. calmness45. The purpose of writing this text is to introduceA. ho

23、w fire ants react in face of dangerC. fire ants ability to live underwater【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. CB. organized themselves into a flexible raftD. liked to look for the food of pancakesC. cooperationD. speedB. fire ants differences from common antsD. the building ability of fire ants45. D【解析】【导语】这是

24、一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火蚁在洪水来临时，会聚集成筏子。研究人员研究了让它们 保持漂浮的原因以及它们的合作精神。41题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“And when flood waler rises, a colony can float to safety by making an unusual boat. The ants hold tightly to each other, forming a floating disk atop the water.（当洪水上涨时,蜂群可以通过 制造一艘不寻常的船漂浮到安全的地方。蚂蚁们紧紧地抱在一起，在水面上形成一个漂浮的圆盘）”可 知，当

25、洪水来临时，火蚁会聚集成筏子。故选C。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中When an ant does end up underwater, tiny hairs on its body can trap bubbles of air that give the bug a boost up.（当一只蚂蚁最终沉入水中时，它身上的细小毛发可以捕获气泡，给它一个 助推器）”可知，火蚁身上的细小毛发让火蚁保持漂浮。故选A。43题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段 “To investigate the science behind the ant raft, the scientists place

26、d hundreds or thousands of ants at a time in the water. A group of ants took about 100 seconds, on average, to build a raft. The researchers repeated the experiment multiple times. Each time, the ants organized themselves the same way, creating a raft about the size and the thickness of a thin panca

27、ke. The rafts were flexible and strong, slaying together even when the researchers pushed the rafts underwater.（为了研究蚂蚁筏背后的科学，科学家们把成 百上千只蚂蚁同时放入水中。一群蚂蚁建造一个筏子平均需要1（X）秒。研究人员重复了多次实验。每一 次，蚂蚁都以同样的方式组织自己，创造出一个薄煎饼大小和厚度的筏子。这些木筏既柔韧又坚固，即 使研究人员把木筏推到水下，它们也能保持在一起）”可知，科学家们将火蚁放入水中后，它们将自己组 织成一个灵活的筏子。故选B。【44题详解】细节理解题。

28、根据最后一段The team found that some ants used their jaws to bite other ants legs. Other ants joined their legs together. Thanks to these tight bonds, say the scientists, the ants did a better job at keeping the water away than any one ant could do on its own. By working together, thousands of ants can st

29、ay alive in the face of a crisis like a flood by using their own bodies to build a boat.（研究小组发现，一些蚂蚁用它们的下颗咬其他 蚂蚁的腿。其他蛆蚁把它们的腿连在一起。科学家们说，多亏了这些紧密的纽带，蚂蚁在防水方面比任 何一只蚂蚁都做得更好。通过共同努力，成千上万的蚂蚁可以在面对洪水这样的危机时用自己的身体建 造一艘船，从而存活下来）”可知，火蚁的故事证明了合作的重要性。故选C。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中 “Fire ants are famous for their constructio

30、n projects （as well as their burning bites）.（火蚁以它们的建筑工程（以及它们灼烧的叮咬）而闻名）”结合文章主要介绍了火蚁在洪水来临 时，会聚集成筏子。研究人员研究了让它们保持漂浮的原因以及它们的合作精神。可推知，写这篇文章 的目的是介绍火蚁的建筑能力。故选D。CStudies have shown that a good nights rest helps us stay healthy, both mentally and physically. And researchers say sleep is probably the best tool

31、 we have for memory and learning.Michael Twery is an expert on the science of sleep and sleep disorders. He told me that a good nights sleep helps to learn better. Getting a good nights sleep is important fbr the learning and memory process because it stores the training exercises and the learning e

32、xercises into our more permanent （持久的）memory while wc rc sleeping 7-8 hours in bed. And then the next morning when you wake up, your mind is better prepared to act on that information.But what about getting rest during the middle of the day? Short periods of sleep may help our brains work better or

33、so, says a recent study on napping.Past studies have shown that napping can help babies and young children learn better. And napping can help brain performance in older adults. Taking a nap may also help this group of people fight off age-related memory loss.Researchers recently looked at informatio

34、n provided by nearly 3,000 Chinese adults, aged 65 years or older. They wanted to learn if napping after a mid-day meal had any effect on the mental performance of the subjects. Nearly 60 percent of those 3,000 people said they did take a nap after lunch and that their naps lasted anywhere from 30 i

35、o 90 minutes. Most of the subjects said they napped for about an hour.The study found that people who took an hour-long nap did much better on mental tests than those who did not nap. The hour-long nappers also did better on （he lests （han those who napped for shorter and longer periods.Keep in mind

36、, however, that these arc the findings for those over the age of 65. Yet Doctor Michael Twery notes that an hour long nap may be too long fbr young, healthy adults. Currently, were recommending that we try to sleep fbr about 30 minutes or less. And 30 minutes is enough to remove the pressure to slee

37、p and will help us feel more awake. If we nap longer, we will get trapped into those deeper layers of sleep, which can be hard to get out of”46. According to Twery, why does a good nights sleep help to leam better?A. Because it helps to remember clearly.B. Because it helps to think deeply.C. Because

38、 it can help act quickly.D. Because it helps to remember longer and act more effectively. 47. Whats the meaning of nap?A. A long time sleep during daytime.B. A short time sleep during daytime.C. A short lime sleep during the night.D. A long lime sleep during the night.48. What kind of people does na

39、p help?A. Students.B. Babies.C. Old people.D. Babies, young children and the old.49. What may help old people decrease memory loss because of age?A. 8 hours nights sleep.B. A good nights sleep.C. Napping during the middle of the day.D. Long time sleep during the middle of the day.50. According to th

40、e passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Deeper layers of sleep is good fbr young peoples study and work.B. Young healthy adults need an hour nap.C. 30 minutes is loo short for young people to remove （he pressure to sleep.D. A good nights rest helps us stay healthy, both mentally and

41、physically. 【答案】46. D 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，良好的睡眠可以帮助我们学习和记忆，科学研究表明午睡也可 以帮助我们学习和记忆。【46题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的 MGetting a good nights sleep is important fbr the learning and memory process because it stores （he training exercises and the learning exercises into our more permaneni （持久的

42、）memory while we re sleeping 7-8 hours in bed. And then the next morning when you wake up, your mind is better prepared to act on that information.（良好的睡眠对学习和记忆过程很重要，因为当我们在床上睡7-8个小时 时，它会将训练练习和学习练习存储到我们更持久的记忆中。然后第二天早上醒来时，你的大脑会更好 地根据这些信息采取行动）”可知，根据Twery的说法，因为一个良好的睡眠有助于记忆时间更长，行动 更有效，所以它有助于更好地学习。故选D项。【47

43、题详解】词句猜测题。由第三段 u But what about getting rest during the middle of the day? Short periods of sleep may help our brains work better or so, says a recent study on napping.（但是中午休息怎么样？最近一项关厂 napping的研究表明，短期睡眠可能有助于我们的大脑更好地工作）”可知，“nap”指白天短时间睡眠， 即小睡。故选B项。【48题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的Past studies have shown that nappi

44、ng can help babies and young children learn better. And napping can help brain performance in older adulls.（过去的研究表明，小睡可以帮助婴儿和幼儿更 好地学习。小睡可以帮助老年人的大脑活动）”可知，小睡有助于婴儿、幼儿和老人。故选D项。【49题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的 “And napping can help brain perfonnance in older adults. Taking a nap may also help this group of people fig

45、ht off age-related memory loss.（小睡可以帮助老年人的大脑活动。小睡也可以帮 助这些人摆脱与年龄相关的记忆丧失）”可知，在中午小睡可以帮助老年人减少因年龄而导致的记忆丧 失。故选C项。【50题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的Studies have shown that a good nights rest helps us stay healthy, both mentally and physically.（研究表明，晚上好好休息有助于我们保持身心健康）”可知，D项“晚上好好休息有助于我 们保持身心健康”正确。故选D项。DNormally, a phone co

46、nversation with my older sister Jenna would end with sisterly jokes. But this time, we both said, love you. Days later, aged 28, Jenna died of a serious disease.Losing Jenna was the most terrible thing Id ever experienced, but five years on I can see that it also shaped who I am loday. Jenna encoura

47、ged me lo find humor al the darkest of limes, and her death gave me a sense of fearlessness - which led to me becoming a stand-up comedian.At 31.1 now see （hat lifes too short lo worry about my own insecurities. Growing up together, the two of us were incredibly close. We stuck together and even sha

48、red a room. Lying in our beds at night, Jenna would sing Sleeping Satellite by Tasmin Archer lo me when I got scared of the dark.I was studying at university when I was told that Jenna had a serious disease. I had no idea what to do, how to react or what to say. But when I got to the hospital, Jenna took my hand and said, “Jayde, can you make everyone laugh? Theyre all looking at me like Im about to die and ifs getting on my nerves.”From that point on, during Jennas regular hospital stays, Id joke around and try to lighten the mood. I wanted to make everyone around her stop acting like s