八年级下册英语重要知识点.docx
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1、八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳Ml重要语法:感官性系统词:feel(摸起来)、look(看起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)sound(听 起来),后接形容词作表语,不能接副词。构成疑问句或否定句要借助助动词。Thesilkdressfeelssoft. Theflowerslookverybeautiful.Doesitsmellnice?Thesong doesntsoundbenoisy.2 .Whatadelicioussmell! 多么香啊!对名词或名词短语感叹用what感叹句结构JWhat+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+ (主语+谓语)!Whataninterest
2、ingbookitis!What+形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+ (主语+谓语)!Whatbadweatheritistoday!Whatgoodstudentstheyare!对形容词、副词或动词感叹用howHow+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!Howfastheisrunning!Howdeliciousitsmells!Howlmissthedayswespenttogether!我多么怀念我们一起度过的日子!3 .rmafraid+ 句子:恐怕 fmafraid hehasnotimetoday.4 .bedone 做好了 Isyourhomeworkdone?你的作业做好了吗?Dinne
3、risdone!晚饭做好了 !5 .haveatry 试一试;尝一尝4.1tsoundscrazy.这听起来很荒唐。5dontknow whattotake.(简单句=Idontknow whatlshouldtake.(复合句).attheendof在.的尽头/结尾6 . Is 200dollarsenough?(金钱、时间、距离做主语时,视作单数)50years 这longtime.lOOmetres isashortdistance.7 .hadbetter+ 动词原形:最好做某事You hadbettrrstay homeatnight.否定:hadbetternot-f-动词原形:最
4、好不要做某事:Youbetternotgooutnow.8 .bytheway 顺便说一下gocrazy 变疯 inagroupof20 二十人一组. offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.向某人提供某物Heofferedthepoorlotsoffoodandwater.offertodosth.自愿去做某事Theyofferedtohelpme.9 .learnabout 了解atthesametime 同时bewelltrained受过良好培训dependon依赖;取决于.providesb.sth.提供某人某物=providesb.withsth./providesth
5、.forsb.14 .settests 安排考试 formclosefriendshipswith.与.结成亲密的友谊stayintouchwith.和 保持联系taketripsto.到去旅行atleast 至少fillout 填写M81 .重要语法:宾语从句:在复合句中充当宾语的句子。本模块重点:由that引导的宾语从句,that无义,可省,后接陈述句作宾语。宾语从句复句/导词吾从句。Icanhardlybelieve (that) wereinthecitycentre .Tonyguessesthattheparkisverypopular. ioLi nRliriLsuguestst
6、hattheyspendthedaythere.Linglingdoesnthink theparkwillbebusy.主句和从句的时态关系:主句:一般现在时从句:需根据实际情况用不同时态Shesays(that)sheworksfroinMondavtoFridav. (从句为一般现在时)Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessaneonhisdesk.(从句为一般将来时)Mygrandparentsoftentellmetheylivedahardlifeinthepast.(从句为一般过去时)Xiaomingsayshehasalreadyfinishedhisho
7、mework. (从句为现在完成时)主句:一般过去时从句:一般过去时/过去时的某种时态Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesvesterdayafternoon. (从句用一般过去时)Hesaid(that)hewasRoinRtotakecareofthebaby. (从句用过去将来时)OurteachertoldnshehadtauHhtherefor20years. (从句用过去完成时)特殊情况:从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改变而改变的事实时,不管 主句为何种时态,从句总是用一般现在时。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfas
8、terthansound.他说光比声音传播得快)Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun. (客观事实)Shesaid(that)herfatheristwenty-eightyearsolderthanher. (客观事实)Myfathertoldus(that)nothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit. (客观真理)注意:当主句的谓语动词是think或believe,宾语从句要表达否定时,要把从句的否定转移到主句上。IdorftthinkheisgoingtohelpyouwithyourEnglish.Wed
9、ontbelieve thatwehavewonthebasketballmatch.2 .hardly 几乎不=almostnotHecanhardlybelievetheresultcanhe? (前否后肯)3 . so.that.如此以至于Thelittleboyissoyoungthathecangotoschool.=Thelittleboyistooyoungtogotoschool.=Thelittleboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.so that.以(更;为了 =inordertharHegotupearlysothathecouldcatchupt
10、heearlybus.4 .hearsb./sth.+动词原形:听见某人/某物(经常/过去)做.hearsb./sth.+动词-ing:听见某人/某物正在做loftenhearherplaythepianoinherroom.Iheardhei*playthepianoinherroomlastnight.Ihearherplayingthepianoinherroomnow.5 .befamousfor 因而著名befamousas+职业/身份:作为.而出名Thisparkisfamousforitslake.Luxunisfamousasawriter.6 .allowdoingsth.允
11、许做某事 Thevdontallowsmokinchereallowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事 HisparentsaHowcdhimtoRooutwithme.allow+that 从句:Heallowedthattheywereright.他承认他们是对的t,sbetter(forsb.)todosth.(对某人来说)最好去做某事。ICsbetterforyoutostopsmokingYouhadbetterstopsmoking.8 .pointout 指出 pointat/to.指着(近物/远物).atthetopof 在的顶部 moveabout四处走动9 .promis
12、etodosth.答应做某事 Hepromisedtohelpus.promisenottodosth.保证不做某事 Tonypromisednottotalkinclass.promise+that 从句:MyparentspromisethattheywiHbuymeanewshirt.1 l.haveawonderfultime 玩得开心 magidand 仙境 squarekilometer 平方公里byasmalllake 在小湖边 wakesb.up唤醒某人 12.withoutdoing 没有做.Wecameoutwithout makinganynoise.1.1 1tisap
13、itythat+ 从句。真遗憾.Ifsapitythatyouhavemissedtheparty.14 .walkdownthepath 顺路而下. putleavesoffplants 从植物扯下叶子15 .thesecondlargest 第二大. (the+序数词+最高级:第几最.).fallasleep 入睡M91.重要语法:if/whether引导的宾语从句复合句,if/whether意为“是否”,用在将直接引语(说话人建犒潞腐瞅嘶瘫球般叩)的复合句中做引导词,转化后需将二 般疑问句变为陈述句,即陈述语序。(直接引语)Arcvouatcachcr? heasks.(间接引语)Hea
14、sksif/whetherlamateacher.,(宜接弓I 语)“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”theteacheraskedhim.(间接弓I 语)Theteacheraskedif/whetherlhadfinishedmyhomework.间接引语也就是if/whether引导的宾语从句Hewantstoknowi fitwillraintomorrow.Idonknow whcthcrheisathomcornot.注:if和whether一般情况下可以互换使用,但如下情况,不能用if,只能用whether:(1)在动词不定式之前只能用whetherId
15、ontknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse(拒绝).在whether ornot的固定搭配中。Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot. 在介词后,只能用whether。Iworryaboutwhetherlhurtherfeelings.宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether 0Whetheritistrueornotjca nttell.用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如用whether可避免歧义。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句(what/where/when/which/why/how/howmany.)基本结构:主句+特殊疑问词+宾语
16、从句(用陈述语序)直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语复合句时,用原来的特殊疑问词作引导词,但后面需改 为陈述句,即陈述语序。(直引)Whatsyourname?” Mr.Liasksme.(间引)Mr.Liaskswhatmynameis.(直引)Whydidheaskforhelp? heasked.(间弓I) Heaskedwhyheaskedforhelp.间引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。Wheredoeshecomefrom? Idonknow.(合并句子)Idon*tknow wherehecomesfrom. (合并后,原来的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句,故要改为陈述句,因 为
17、它不再是问句了)Howcanlvetthere? Canyoutellme? (合并句子)C a nyo utellmeh owlcangetthere?(解析同上)注:if/whether和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句,主句和从句的时态与that引导的宾语从句复合 句一样,需注意主从句时态的变化。2 . mentionsth.tosb,向某人提及某事.takeamessage (forsb.):(为某人)捎口信3 .打电话用语:Who,scalling?=Who,sthatspeaking?你是哪位? Isthat.(speaking)?你是吗?Thisis.speaking.我是Coul
18、d/Maylspeakto.?我可以和.说话吗?4 .haveaproblemwithsb. 和某人之间出了问题.getseparated 分开5 explainsth.tosb.向某人解析某事 Pleaseexplainthemeaningtome. lexplain+ 疑问词+不定式:Couldyouexplainhowtodoitwell?explains-宾语从句:Couldyouexplainwhathappenedthen?6 .refusetodosth.拒绝做某事 Herefusedtohelpme.7 .feel/besureof.对有把握. -egrettqdosth. 遗
19、憾地(要)做某事(还未做)regretregretted;-regretted_ Iregrettedsclodinghimtheotherday.我后悔几天前责备过他。regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事(已经做过了) Iregettotellyouthatyouaredismissed.我遗憾地告诉你:你被开除了。1 l.bepatientwithsb.对某人耐心introduceAtoB: 把 A 介绍给 B (认识)13 .encourage sb.todo sth.鼓励某人做某事 Myparentsalwaysencouragemetostudyhard.14 .haveaha
20、rdtime过的艰难;遇到麻烦.从句中某些特殊疑问词的另义:what所的where.的地方when.的时间 Ibelievethattheworldiswhatyouthinkitis.我相信世界就是你近想的那样!Thisiswherelwasborn. 这就是我出生的地方。1615 .theearlyautumn 初秋.everytime 每次;每当18.insilence=silently 安静地 Allthestudentsarestudyinghardinsilence.19.turnback 转身20.withoutaword 没有说一句话21.hiddentreasure 隐藏的宝
21、藏 22.daybyday 一天天地23.circleoffriends 朋友圈 24.withabrightsmile 带着灿烂的微笑25.stickstuckstuckstick.to.把粘到上sticktogether 粘在一起26.Smileattheworldanditwillsmileback. 对世界微笑;世界就会对你报以微笑。M10l.ontheradio 广播中2.show/take sb.around.带某人参观.Letmeshowyouaroundourschool.ethisway 这边走 4.beon(电影)上映;(电器)开着5.onair在广播6.avoiddoin
22、gsth,避免做某事 Youmustavoidmakingthesamemistakenexttime.7.inthebackground在幕后;在后面 8.Keepdoingsth.不断做某事.awfulnews 坏消息9 .Andthafstheendofthesixolocknews.六点钟新闻广播完毕。10 . jseem+形容词:Mymomseemsveryhappytoday!(做系动词)seem+ 不定式:Mymomseemstobeveryhappytoday!H eseemstohaveknowntheanswera Irea dy.Itseemsthat+ 从句:似乎.It
23、seems thatitwillrainverysoon.12.inperson=byoneself 亲自;本人 13.1ookdownat.低头看.14 . Shouldrftyouatschool?你不用上学吗?(否定一般疑问句/反问句,表惊讶).not.but.不是 而是.Heis notmybrotherbutmyfather.15 .mightbelistening 可能在 17.doresearch 做研究.1ookoutof 往外看 19.doasoundcheck 做声音测试20 .Thiswashcwmyfirstrealjobinradiobegan. (表语从句)我第一次
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