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1、Unit 5 Hero and HeroismText AnalysisI. Background information1. About the textThe text is the second part of a series of articles by Anthony Simeone, retrievable at httns:goodmenD In the articles, Simeone has probed into many aspects of heroism in an attempt to help us see the practical application

2、of everyday heroism and the heros journey and to help promote the heroic mindset so that we can feel more prepared to take on the challenges we face every day.2. About the authorAnthony Simeone is a writer, speaker, and an advocate for everyday heroism. He studied at Audubon High School from 1990 to

3、 1994, and at Rutgers University, Camden from 1994 to 1998. He has over two decades of experience in the practical application of literature, philosophy, psychology, and other disciplines. The culmination of his work is the Live the Hero program, a life philosophy that promotes personal development

4、combined with service to others. Live the Hero combines the wisdom found in the arts and humanities with the latest discoveries related to research in heroism science and positive psychology. You can learn more at .11. General analysis of the textThe essay, as the title suggests, focuses on two ques

5、tions: What is heroism? Why does it matter? The author is expected to give us a definition of heroism and some reasons/evidence for the importance of heroism, presumably in two sections, with one section focusing on one question and the other section on the other question. However, the author has no

6、t organized the foci in such an order but integrated his ideas in such a way that readers get to know heroism and its importance at the same time. On the whole, the essay is more expository than argumentative, for it does not contain a lot of “evidence“ for the authors belief that heroism matters. T

7、he essay consists of three parts:PartParagraph(s)Main ideaI1-5Two forms of heroism: obvious heroic action in intense tap into sth: to manage to use sth in a way that brings good results 利用； 开发The movie seems to tap into a general sentimentality about animals. 这部电影 似乎在激发人们对动物的普遍怜惜之情。The utility group

8、 has launched the company in an attempt to tap into the market for green这家公用事业集团成立了这家公司，试图开拓绿色能源市场。Paragraph 10Resilience can be considered personal heroism.”Explanation: Resilience, as an ability, is displayed in the process of positive adaptation in the context of adversity. By “bouncing back“ fro

9、m adversity, we can regain mental and emotional health and become strong. But the process can be difficult as vc have to face our own weaknesses, seek out our “internal fbes“ and beat them, which takes a lot of courage. When we take resources of inner courage to face a personal crisis, we are practi

10、cing personal heroism.16. It is the development of internal resources that enable us to persevere through difficult times and events. internal: happening or existing in your mind 内心的;头脑中的internal resources, or 4inner/psychological resources or “inner strength”: resources provided by the mind or ones

11、 personal capabilities 内在资源;内心的各种 资源Internal resources include such personal qualities as calm, gratitude, generosity, openness, self-worth, patience, compassion, aspiration, confidence, and vitality, which help us deal with difficult situations.He can ? cope with it on his own - he has no 山er他无法独自应

12、对此事，因为他缺少内在力量。Every difficulty in life presents us with an opportunity to turn inward and to invoke our own submerged山w resources.生活中的每一项困难都在提供一个机会 来让我们转向内心并调用隐藏的内在资源。 within: adv. in ones inner thought, disposition, or character 在内心里Paragraph 1118. All the while, he breathed no public word of his o

13、wn struggles. For his selflessness, altruism, his display of grace despite his suffering, speaking out against injustice despite the possible consequences for his career, and settinga positive example for others, Boseman has been dubbed a real-life hero. all the while: adv. all the time; during the

14、entire time 一直;始终 not breathe/say a word: to not talk (about sth)只字不提；保守秘密;守 口如瓶He never breathed a word about our关于我们的谈话他只字未提。Don Y say/breathe a word about this to对此要守如瓶。grace: n. U the quality or state of being considerate or thoughtful 体贴；周到 She accepted his advice with grace.她以体贴的态度接受了他的建议。dub:

15、 v. to call by a distinctive title, epithet, or nickname 授予称号；把称为；给起绰号London was dubbed the insurance capital of the伦敦被称为世界保险之都They dubbed him a他们叫他卖国贼。Paragraph 12Ultimately, just like Chadwick, we are all human.Explanation: The example of Chadwick highlights our ability to choose a path of heroism

16、. If Chadwick is able to rise above adversity and act heroically, we also have the ability to build and maintain a heroic mindset and behave heroically when challenges arise. ultimately: used to indicate that what you are saying is the most important point in a discussion从根本上；归根结底Ultimately, the fin

17、al decision rests with the childs parents.归根结底，最后的决 定取决于孩子的父母。Paragraph 15Lefs set aside the label “hero for a moment because thafs a value judgment placed upon people by the rest of society. We shouldnt concern ourselves with appearing heroic. Ironically, as depicted in myth and literature, anyone

18、who calls themselves a hero is, inevitably, actually the villain.Explanation: Lets forget about the label “hero” fbr a moment, because it is a label that other people give us. We shouldn,t worry about the labels. There are examples in myth and literature that show a self-proclaimed hero is actually

19、a villain. For instance, Thanos in Infinity War thinks he is doing everyone a favor but he is not a hero, because he decides what is best for half the sentient beings in the universe. A hero would never take away other peoples free will, especially when it concerns their very existence. In this sens

20、e, contrary to his expectation, Thanos is not a real hero but a villain.Please note that the word “inevitably” is too absolute because there might be cases where a self-proc lai med hero is a real hero.set aside: to not consider sth, because other things are more important 暂时不考虑 （或放一放）Can you set as

21、ide your work for now?你现在能把工作放一放吗？ value judgment: n. C, U （sometimes disapproving） a judgment about how good or important sth is, based on personal opinions rather than facts （根据主观意见的） 价值判断 ironically: adv. used when talking about a situation in which the opposite of what you expected happens or is

22、 true讽刺地；具有讽刺意味的是Ironically, the murderer was killed with his own gun.具有讽刺意味的是，凶手 被自己的枪击毙了。Paragraph 17Heroism is part of the human legacy.Explanation: Heroism is part of what our ancestors have passed down to us. Because of our long-term pursuit of self-improvement and service to others, we have su

23、rvived one challenge after another and made others safer and happier and the world a better place to live in. But for heroism, we would have made ourselves extinct a long time ago. In all, heroism has become an intrinsic part of what it means to be human, and we all have the potential to cultivate a

24、 heroic mindset and do heroic deeds. legacy: n. C sth that is a part of your history or that remains from an earlier time 历史遗产（指祖先留下的精神或物质财富或影响）The Greeks have a rich legacy切加es上.希腊人有丰富的文学遗产。Paragraph 18It is our capacity for empathy made manifest. It is the continual reaffirmation of our highest id

25、eals.Explanation: Heroism is a very clear sign of our capacity to understand other peoples feelings and problems. Over time, heroism has proved again and again that we believe in our highest ideals, including our ideals of life, liberty, equality, and the pursuit of happiness. manifest adj. easy to

26、see or understand 明显的；显而易见的 明白地显示，流露reaffirmation n. C, U the act of stating sth again in order to emphasize that it is still true重申;再次申明 ideal n. C a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard 理想； 标准极高的原则(或行为准则)Paragraph 1919. It is an art and a science. It is a versatile philos

27、ophy and a practical tool.Explanation: The art lies in the manner in which heroism is exhibited while the science lies in our ability to know ourselves and to also know and serve others. It is a set of ideas that serve many functions and a useful tool in our life. versatile adj. (of food, a building

28、, etc.) having many different uses 多用途的；多 功能的Paragraph2020. Perhaps most importantly for our times, heroism allows us to transcend the self-imposed isolation and insularity of tribalism. It is an antidote to hopelessness.Explanation: In the past when communication technology was not as advanced as t

29、oday, we were familiar with what was close to our homes and groups, so our heroes only needed to take care of the well-being of our own “tribes”. However, as the world has turned into a global village, we cannot afford to remain isolated from others and focus only on our limited tribes. Instead, our

30、 heroes should not be bound by geography and tribal loyalties but contribute to the simultaneous betterment of ourselves and others. It is such heroes who bring people together and give us hope in times of despair.self-imposed adj. decided by yourself, without being influenced or ordered by other pe

31、ople自己强加的；自愿承担的isolation n. U the state of being alone or lonely 孤独；孤立状态 insularity n. U the quality of being only interested in your own country, ideas, etc. and not in those from outside 岛国心态；偏狭tribalism n. U behavior, attitudes, etc. that are based on being loyal to a tribe or other social group部

32、落习性；种族意识；部落主义antidote . anything that takes away the effects of sth unpleasant 解药； 解毒剂； 矫正方法；对抗手段Positive emotions may be a powerful antidote to stress, pain, and illness. 积极 的情绪是压力、痛苦与疾病的一剂强有力的解药。Paragraph21Heroism is a path that brings human beings together. Ifs up to each of us to make the choice

33、 to walk it.Explanation: Heroism offers an inclusive ideological foundation for overcoming the weaknesses of human beings and the uncertainties of the world. Based on our hope for a better future, it is about positivity toward other human beings and highlights our ability to choose a path of empathy

34、 and collaboration. It is a force that unites us. We should take the responsibility to make a choice to follow the path of heroes.21. bring together: to cause (people) to join or meet: to cause (people) to come together使相见;使联合；使团结be up to sb: to be sbs duty or responsibility 是的职责(或责任)It fs up to us

35、to help those in我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。Key to the ExercisesPre-class Tasks1. Mini-researchThe word heroism is derived from Greek herds “demi-god.” Someone who shows great courage and valor is referred to as a hero, and their actions are considered to be acts of heroism. One of the main characteristics of a

36、hero is fearlessness and valor. According to Webster s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, heroism refers to the qualities characteristic of a hero, such as courage, bravery, fortitude, unselfishness.1. Heroism serves multiple important energizing functions:Hero stories reveal our missing qualities-Heroe

37、s educate us about right and wrong. Most fairytales and childrens stories serve this didactic purpose, showing us the kinds of behaviors that are needed to succeed in life, to better society, andto overcome villainy.Hero stories pick us up when were downLife inevitably hands us personal setbacks and

38、 failings. Failed relationships, failed businesses, and health problems arc common life experiences for us. Heroes lift us up when were personally in danger of falling down emotionally, physically, or spiritually.Hero stories inspire us. Hero stories teach us that challenges and setbacks in life are

39、 to be embraced, not avoided. Every human life is full of the ups and downs of life which arc inter-conncctcd, with the downs actually being necessary to produce the ups. This fact should encourage us all to trust that the main purpose of adversity is to transform our lives in ways that we cannot ev

40、en imagine.Hero stories give us hope-Independent of our own personal well-being, we cannot help but recognize that the world is generally a troubled place rife with warfare, poverty, famine, and unrest. Heroes are beacons of light amidst this vast darkness. Heroes prove to us that no matter how much

41、 suffering there is in the world, there are supremely good people around whom we can count on to do the right thing, even when most other people are not.2. Co-learningThe speakers jealousy found its origin in his colleagues obtaining the precious opportunity to go into a burning house to save lives,

42、 which in his belief is something he valued and cherished as a volunteer firefighter.1. Not necessarily. Being a superhero is not about doing extraordinary things, but about doing ordinary things in an extraordinary way. Every day, you can show superhero qualities like courage, bravery, perseverance

43、, determination, compassion and kindness in your daily life. There are many real-life superheroes around us: policemen, nurses, firefighters, teachers and anyone who donl really have superpowers but are doing something extraordinary and who are dedicating their life for others. They are superheroes

44、not because of what they do but rather because of how they do it and how it makes them and everyone around them feel.2. Volunteer firefighter Mark Bezos told a story of an act of heroism that didnt go quite as expectedbut that taught us two big lessons. First, dont wait to be a hero. Give now. Secon

45、dly, being a superhero does not mean becoming a batman or spider-man doing something big, because not every day is going to offer a chance to save somebodys lifb but every day offers an opportunity to affect one. Therefore, Average Joe can be a superhero and make a big difference by doinggood deeds,

46、 small or large, and they all matter.3. PresentationOpen-ended question.Comprehension1. marginalized group: a group of people within a given culture, context and history at risk of being subjected to multiple discrimination due to the interplay of different personal characteristics or grounds, such

47、as sex, gender, age, ethnicity, religion or belief, health status, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, education or income, or living in various geographic localities. The term marginalized originally referred to minorities and persons from poverty, but has been expanded to include a lo

48、ng list of cultures and populations. Here is a sample of the most common marginalized groups:GLBTSenior citizensRacial/Cultural minoritiesPersons of below average intelligenceHearing, visually, and physically challenged personsPersons with a serious and Persistent Mental Illness (SPMI)Persons with Cognitive ImpairmentsGamblers and Substance AbusersPersons with disfigurementsPersons Living in PovertySex OffendersThe HomelessFelonsMarvel movies: a series of superhero films produced by Marvel Studios. The films are based on characters that appear in American comic books publ