WelcomeUnit第4课时DiscoveringUsefulStructures导学案(二)高中英语新人教版必修第一册(1).docx

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1、导学案Welcome Unit 第 4 课时Discovering Useful Structures（二）今学目标I （1分钟）i.能在具体情境中理解和掌握陈述句的基本结构。2.能熟练掌握简单句的8种基本句型，并学以致用。口课堂导入（2分钟）Warming-upQuestions: I .Can you understand the sentence well?2.How do we divide the sentences?【答案】（2分钟）（2分钟）The answer is open.（引导学生回顾所学预学部分的句子成分）探究一：句子的成分探究一：句子的成分（33分钟）Activity

2、l: Analyse the constituents of the following sentences.1. A boy meets a girl during a break.2. The class was difficult.3. He even toldus a funny story.4. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.【探究小结】组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子成分分 为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。不同句子成分构成不同的

3、句型。本单元语法主要讲述句子成分和8种基本句型。句子成分成分意义位置主语句子的主体；谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由位于S(subject)谁发出 e.g. I miss my grandma.句首谓语表示主语的行为或状态，是句子的灵魂、核心主语V(verb)miss my grandma.之后宾语表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者e.g. I miss动词或O(object)my grandma.介词后直接宾语DO(direct object)表示动作的承受者，一般是物e.g. He told us a funnystory.动词后间接宾语IO(indirect object)表示动作是

4、对谁或为谁做的，一般是人e.g. He told us a funny story.动词后表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等e.g. The teacher系动P(predicaiive)was kind and friendly.词后定语用来修饰名词或代词，说明其本质或特征eg She is a名词或(attribute)beautiful girl.代词前宾语补足语 OC(objectcomplement)补充说明宾语的动作或状态e.g. I found most of my classmate and teachers friendly and helpful.宾语后状语A(advcr

5、bial)说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或 副词的程度 e.g. I had my first maths class at senior high school.位置灵活【即学即练】标出下面句子的成分(用S, V, O, P, A, DO, IO, OC)I will return you the book tomorrow.I found the film interesting.She is beautiful and smart.He offered me a job yesterday.The English class begins at eight oclock.【

6、答案】I will retumyouthe booktomoirow SV IO DO A *Ifoundthe filminterestingSV O oc Sheisbeautiful and smart S V P Heofferedmea jobyesterdayS V IO DO A .The English classbeginsat eight oclock S V A探究二：几种基本句型Activity!: Read the sentences and analyse the structure.EXAMPLE:.1. The 1 (X)-year-old school lie

7、s in the centre of the city.2. We must act.3. The maths homework looks easy.4. The teacher found the classroom empty.5. My mum bought me a new dictionary.6. Toni is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.7. There is an English Corner at our school.8. We had chemistry in the newly built

8、lab. 【探究小结】不同句子成分构成不同的句型。木单元语法主要讲述句子成分和8种基本句型。1 .主谓结构(SV)：主语+谓语(不及物动词)Class | begins.开始上课。A Chinese painting exhibition | will take place.一个中国画展将要举办。The boys dream | came true.这个男孩的梦想实现了。这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语），故后不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。 主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。常见的不及物动词（短语）有：rise, matter, begin, come, go happen, las

9、t appear, work, come true, lake place 等。2 .主谓宾结构（SVO）：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语The students | have known | （he answer.学生们已经知道了答案。Some schools | dont have | a uniform policy.有些学校没有校服政策。这种句型中的谓语动词必须是及物动词或动词短语，一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。【即学即练】1 .分析句子成分The writing class had just begun.They laughed.【答案】 Th

10、e writing classhad just begun.山 sVzTheylaughed.2 .翻译句子我们学校将举办一次运动会。我的爱好包括旅游和游泳。【答案】Our school will hold a sports meeting.My hobbies include travelling and swimming.3 .主系表结构（SP）：主语+系动词+表语She | is | an English teacher.她是一名英语老师。The food | smells | delicious.这食物闻起来很香。His faces | turned | red.他的脸红了。这种句型中

11、的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。常见的系动词有be动词，还有感官系动词(sound/look/smell/taste/fed),变化系动词(become/get/grow/tum/go/fall/run), 持续系动词(remain/keep/hold/stay),表像系动词(seem/appcar/look)等。表语由名词、形容词、 介词短语、分词、不定式或从句充当。4 .主谓宾宾结构(SVIODO)：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语It | gives | her | a sense of duly.这给她责任感。The president | showed | me | he

12、r daughters pictures.总统给我看了她女儿的照片。My mother | bought | me | a dictionary.我妈妈给我买了 一本字典。这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接 宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前 需用介词for或to。间接宾语之前用介词to的常见动词有give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay order等。间接宾语之前用介词for的常见动词有buy, fetch, sa

13、ve, choose, sing 等。【即学即练】1 .分析句子成分AI1 of them were amazed.These suggestions arc of great help.【答案】of themwereamazed.3 s V P今、These suggestionsareof great help. s v p 一2.翻译句子Youd better buy your friends some small gifts.Can you lend me that book?【答案】你最好给你的朋友买一些小礼物。你能借给我那本书吗？5.主谓宾宾补结构(SVOOC)：主语+谓语+宾语+

14、宾语补足语They | usually keep | the door | open.他们通常把门开着。My teacher | had | me | standing all the morning.我的老师让我站了一整个上午。11 often hear | her | sing the German song in her lovely voice.我经常听到她用迷人的声音唱这首德国歌曲。该结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。该 句式常用于三类动词：使役动词keep, make, let, have, leave, get等；感言动词或短 语 see,

15、watch notice, observe, find, catch, look at, listen to, hear, feel, smell 等； ask, tell, order, request, permit, persuade 等。6 .主谓状(SVA)：主语+谓语+状语The children | stayed | in the room.孩子们待在房间里。He | runs | slowly in the park every day.每天他在公园里慢跑。His parents | have worked | in the company for ten years.他的父母

16、在这家公司工作十年了。该句型的谓语动词通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓 语动词。【即学即练】1 .分析句子成分The exhibition will start on June 21 and last for a week.Hopefully,you can take part.【答案】The exhibitionwiH starton June 21, lastfor a week SVA - and p1./ Hopefully youcan lake part A，S V2 .完成句子We must keep (我们的学校干净).He asked (我回来)so

17、on.【答案】our school cleanme to come back.主谓宾状(SVOA)：主语+谓语+宾语+状语The man | raised | his arms | above his head.那个人把手臂举过头顶。The girl | enjoys | reading | in the morning.这个女孩喜欢早上读书。The wind | raised | the fallen leaves | from the ground.大风把落叶从地面上刮了起来。该句型的谓语动词通常为及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语 动词。7 . There be 句型T

18、here were two boys and a girl under the tree just now.刚才树下有两个男孩和一个女孩。There goes the bell. Lefs go into the lecture halL铃响 了，我们进入演讲大厅吧。There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有个人在此经过。There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。基本结构是：There is/are/was/were. +地点状 语。谓语动词有时候可用表示存在的其他动词，如live, stand lie, seem/appear to be（好像 有）

19、，happen to be（碰巧有）,used to be（曾经有）等。【即学即练】1 .完成句子on the road.路上的汽车太多了。more serious air pollulion.空气污染将会更严重。【答案】There are too many carsThere will be2 .分析句子成分They know us very well.He refused to help them at last.【答案】Theyknowusvery well S V OA -/、Hcrefuscdto help themat lastS V O A -Activity3: Analyse

20、 the structure and constituents of the following sentences.I .Plants need water.They won the game at last.2 .The flower is so fresh.3 .They work hard.Nothinghappcncd.4 .He gives me sonic seeds.5 .We should keep the classroom clean.【答案】.主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) /主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A)1 .主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P).主语+谓语+状

21、语(S+V+A) /主语+谓语(S+V)2 .主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO).主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+V+O+OC)Activity-4: Analyse basic sentence structures.Read the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences.How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time? For Tim, that dream has come true! Th

22、is term, Tim and his classmates are living! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn aboui ships andhe sea. Tim wriies his parems an email every week and lells【hem wha( happened on ihe ship. Tim loves living on the ship. Theres always something exciting to do. A

23、nd, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!【答案】汗、that dream has come true(/ sv-im and his classmates are living on a ship1!s1!slearn about ships and the seaJim writes his pare

24、nts an email every week10DO:andtells them what happened on the shipV 10DO黑鲁:always something exciting to do,Studying and doing homework seem much more fun国)课堂达(5分钟)s判断-的基本句型结构Once upon a time, there lived three monks in a small temple. And they never agreed with one another. One autumn night there w

25、ere thousands of stars in the sky. A monk was sitting on a rock, holding a fishing rod up to catch one of the star. This surprised the other two monks. What a fool you arc!” said the second monk. How can you catch a star with such a short rod? You had better have a longer one!Hc gave the first monk a longer rod. But the first monk failed again. The third monk saw this and made fun of them. Then he climbed onto the roof of the temple and shouted, Look! Em much nearer to the stars than you.And Ill soon catch a star!”【答案】There be 句型SV SVA SVO SVGA SVIODO SVO SVO（1分钟）