专题01-Unit1PeopleofAchievement第一讲ReadingandThinking（教师版）2022-2023学年高二英语讲义（人教2019选择性必修第一册）.docx

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1、Reading and Thinking目标导航即从句谓语动词用“should +动词原形“，should可以省略；当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲 时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。重点词汇1. crucial至关重要的;关键性的2. vi4力必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的3. objective n.目标：目的。力客观的4. property .性质；特征；财产；房地产5. extract n.提取物；摘录可.提取；提炼；摘录；（用力）拔出6. wormwood n.蒿；洋艾7. boil应.（使）沸腾;煮开；烧开几沸腾;沸点8. liquid”.液体力.液体的；液态的9. obta

2、in W.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得泣（规章、习俗等）存在；流行10. defeat n.失败;挫败M击败；战胜11. substance/E物质；物品；事实根据12. insist医&1%坚持；坚决要求词汇拓展13. physiology n.生理学physiological adj.生理学的physiologically C.生理学方面14. committed 力尽心尽力的；坚定的一commit i.承诺：保证 应.忠于；全心全意投入commitment n.承诺；致力15. academy /?.研究院；学会；专科院校一academic a力.学业的:学术的16. botanical 4

3、力.植物学的一botany .植物学一botanist .植物学家17. evaluate vt.评价：评估-evaluation n.评价；评估18. distinct 力.清晰的:清楚的；有区别的一dislinclion .区别19. acknowledge vt.承认；感谢Tacknowledged adj.公认的Tacknowledgemenl n.承认；感谢。20. analyse vt.分析analysis n.分析21. ar）Darentlv。小.显而易见；看来；显然apareni显而易见的；显然的22. scientific。力.科学（上）的:关于科学的一绘适曜.科学一sci

4、entisl .科学家重点词组1. millions of 成千上万2. lead to 导致3. die from/of 死于4. commit oneself lo do 承诺； 保证5. in the beginning 起初6. a collection of 一批；*堆7. by chance偶然；意外地(1)1 wanted to walk to the station, but he me there.我想步行去车站，但是他坚持要开车送我去。(2)Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she she

5、organize the trip properly.虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。(3)Thc young man insisted that he (steal) that bike.这个年轻人坚持说他没有偷那辆自行车。【答案】1. insisted on driving2, insisted that3.hadn,t stolen叁 知识点 9 In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malazia was more common，to study malaria patients

6、.起初，屠呦呦去了疟疾比较普遍的海南，研究疟疾患者。这是一个复合句。where在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词Hainan(当先行词为 sysiem, case, point, position, situation, stage, condition, industry, activity, job, race, scene, circumstance等旦关系词在从句中作地点状语时，常用where引导定语从 句，表示抽象地点。当先行词slage, occasion等表示时间且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用when引导。(l)Sometimes I bring home food from th

7、e restaurant I work.有时我从我工作的餐馆带食物问家。(2)It,s helpful to put children in a situation they manage everything all by themselves.把孩子放在一个自己能完全处理所有事情的环境中是有好处的。(3)Studcnts should take part in some activities they can gain experience. 学生们应该参加一些他们能获得经验的活动。(4)Thc stage he is preparing for his study is really i

8、mportant.他为学习做准备的那段时间确实非常重要。答案】I .where I work.2.where3.where 4.when至 知识点 10 In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. 1967 年, 中国政 1 /组 建了 支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学队伍，屠呦呦是其中

9、首批入选的研究人员。Xchosen为过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句which is chosen1单个的过去分词作定语往往置于被修饰的名词的前面；过去分词短语作定语常置于被修饰的 名词的后面。及物动词的-cd形式表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的-ed形式仅仅表示完成9 有时为了强调还可将单一的分词置于被修饰名词之后。(1 )They are talking about the film in 2018.他们正在谈论这部2018年上映的电影。(2)The park has attracted a great many visitors.这个2017年建造的公园已经吸引了很多游客。(3)He is

10、 talking with a man (call) Mr Wang.他正和一位叫王先生的男士讲话。一句多译(4)穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。The student is my daughter.The student is my daughter.【答案】l.put on 2.built in 2O173.called4.dressed in white, who is dressed in whiteM分层提分题组A基础过关练.单词拼写1. It occuned to me that I could ask my cousin to help me (获得)a visa.2. She (

11、承认)having been cheated in the market.3. It is difficult to (评估)the damage to this village.4. He sits down and (分析)why she feels so upset.5. He paused, (显然地)lost in thought staring at the book.6. She that I go to the library with her.7. Although his wife is young, she has made wonderful discoveries.8

12、. Reading is of importance in language learning.【答案】I.obtain2.acknowlcdgcd3.evaluatc4.analyses5.apparcntly6.insists 7.scientific 8.vitalIl .选词填空die from, be committed lo, care about, insiston, millions of, by chanceHe nobody but himself in the trip to Qingdao.9. A group of thieves robbed the bank of

13、 dollars.10. Many people cholera in Europe in the last century.11. One may make a mistake but one cant make mistakes all his life.12. I think it is unwise that the company the high price.13. She the care of the patients.答案9.cares aboutlO.millions of 11 .died from 12.by chance 13.insists on 14.is com

14、mitted toHL单句语法填空14. The discovery of new evidence led to the thief(catch).15. He was (apparent)inuch surprised at the news.16. Our leader insisted that we (carry) it out.17. Some of the people (invite) to the party couldnt come.18. He learned the (distinct) between gold and lead.19. This material i

15、s very rare and is also hard (obtain).20. The old man is more our teacher； hes also our friend.21. (science) research shows (hat women tend to survive their husbands by 5-10 years.【答案】15.being caught 16.apparently 17.(should) carry 18.invited 19.distinctions20.to obtain21.than 22.Scientific M单句写作此外，

16、焦虑和担心会导致疾病。(lead to)22. 在公园散步时，她偶然遇到了汤姆。(by chance)那些货物正被送到地震发生过的地方。(where引导定语从句)23. 他住在一个窗户面朝北的房间里。(whose引导定语从句)在会议上讨论过的那个问题很重要。(过去分词作定语)【答案】23.In addition, anxiety and worry can lead to sickness24.When (she was) walking in the park, she met Tom by chance25.The goods are being sent to the place whe

17、re an earthquake happened.26.He lives in a room whose window faces north27.The question discussed at the meeting was very important题组B能力提升练One afternoon, after finishing shopping in a supermarket, my family and I went to the check-out.I suddenly thought wc didnt need any of the junk, and we abandone

18、d all of those, saving $300.That got me thinking about all our pointless expenses in life.With a promise that wed stop if it was killing us, I convinced the family to take the leap into frugality.Thc rules were that wc would buy nothing for 30 days except absolutely essentials.Our adventure began wi

19、th a great start.By 9 a. m., my wife, Ruth, had already made cakes from old strawberries and picked flowers I didn,t even know we had in the garden.I cleared the car by hand fbr the first time fbr years.I read and returned the neighbors newspaper before he woke up.Total spending on the first day： $0

20、.As days turned into weeks, we became so proficient（熟练的）at living frugally.We started riding our bikes to save gas.My childs finger painting was recycled as gift wrap fbr the home-made presents.We started to use an Internet application like Skype for free phone calls and ask neighbors with gardens f

21、or extra vegetables and herbs.In the end we saved more than $2,000 by not spending for a month.When we began, I imagined we would rush out the moment wc were done and buy a lot of things in the supcnnarkct.Thcn maybe hit the mall or go to the movies.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家发现一些无意义的花销后，尝试一个月 除了绝对的必需品外不

22、买东西，然后省下了两千多美元的故事。1. What can we infer from the passage before (hat very afternoon?A. The family had often spent money randomly.B. The family had had higher income and living standard.C. The family had adopted an advisable habit of saving money.D. The family hadnt expected they would have financial

23、problems.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可推知，在那天下午之前，这个家庭经常乱花钱。故选A。2. How many things were mentioned about what the family did to save on the first day of the 30 days”?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三、四句可知，早上9点，作者的妻子露丝已经用草莓做了蛋糕, 还摘了一些花，作者甚至都不知道花园里有。多年来作者第一次手动清理汽车。在邻居醒来之前，作者看 完并把报纸还给了他。由此可知，第一

24、天提到家庭为节省开支所做的三件事情。故选B。3. The end of the story suggests that the family .A. slopped halfway because of unexpected thingscould barely put up with the life of frugalityB. would return to normal after the 30 dayssucceeded in saving and changed their spending habitD【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者他们节省了不少钱，根据最后一段

25、最后两句“当我 们开始的时候，我想象着当我们完成任务的时候，我们会冲出去，在超市里买很多东西，然后可能去购物 中心或者去看电影”可知，作者只是一开始的时候这样想象的，由此可推知，故事的结尾表明，这个家庭成 功地节省了开支并改变了他们的消费习惯。故选D。4. What is this passage mainly about?A. A new idea coming up to save gas.B. A familys managing their daily life.C. A familys attempt not to buy anything.D. A familys way of s

26、olving life problems.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第二段第二、三句可知，文章主要讲述了作者一家发现一些 无意义的花销后，尝试一个月除了绝对的必需品外不买东西，然后省下两千多美元的故事。故选C。题组C培优拔尖练CClassifying things is critical for our daily lives.For example, we have to detect spam mails(垃圾邮件)，false political news.Whcn we use AL such tasks arc based on classification tech

27、nology” in machine learning一having (he computer learn, using (he boundary separating positive and negative data.For example, 4*positive data would be photos including a happy face, and “negative“ data photos that include a sad face.Once a classification boundary is learned, the computer can determin

28、e whether a certain data is positive or negative.However, the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process, and negative data are not available in many cases.For instance, when a retailer(零售商)is trying to predict who will make a purchas

29、e, they can easily find data on customers who have purchased from them (positive data), but it is basically impossible to obtain data on customers who have never purchased from them (negative data), since they do not have access to their competitors data.According to lead author Takashi Ishida from

30、RIKEN AIP, “Previous classification methods could not cope with the situation where negative data were not available, but we have made i( possible for computers to learn with only positive data, as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data, constructed from information such as buying

31、intention or the active rate of app users.Using our new method we can let computers learn a classifier only from positive data equipped with confidence/,According to Ishida, This discovery could expand the range of applications where classification technology can be used.Even in fields where machine

32、 learning has been actively used, our classification technology could be used in new situations where only positive data can be gathered due to data regulation or business constraints (限 制).In the near future, we hope to put our technology to use in various research fields, such as natural language

33、processing, computer vision, robotics, and bioinfbrmatics.语篇解读这是篇说明文。文章向我们说明了计算机分类技术在我们的生活中扮演了至关 重要的角色。计算机分类技术可以区分出正面信息和负面信息，从而为我们过滤掉负面信息。1. How can the computer distinguish the positive data from the negative data? A. By learning the classification boundary.B. By updating the data collected regular

34、ly.C. By separating happy faces and sad ones.D. By introducing classification technology.A【解析】细节理解题。由第一段倒数第一句可知，classification boundary是区分正面信息和负面信息的关 键。故A选项正确。2. Why is (he example mentioned in Paragraph 2?A. To prove how important the positive data are.B. To confirm that data on customers are compl

35、ete.C. To argue that retailers get their competitors data.D. To explain why negative data are hard to acquire.D【解析】推理判断题。由第二段的第一句可知，这种技术的困难在于它需要正负两方面数据，而在许多情 况卜.我们很难获得负面数据。例如，零售商很难获得从来不在他这儿买东西的顾客的信息。文章举出这个 例子是为了解释负面信息很难获得的原因。故D选项正确。3. What do the underlined words “new method in Paragraph 3 refer to?

36、A. Analyzing buying intention.B. Building a confidence score.C. Assessing the active rate of app users.D. Equipping the computer with confidence.B解析词义猜测题。由第三段的“.but vve have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data, as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data,

37、constiucted from information such as buying intention or the active rate of叩p users.“可知，下文中的new method指的是“创建一个信心指数故B选项正确。4. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. The History of Classification TechnologySmarter AI： Machine Learning Without Negative DataB. Bigger Data： Computers Assisting Langu

38、age ProcessingThe Comparison Between Positive Data and Negative DataB【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲的是计算机通过学习分类技术可以区分出正面信息和负面信息。并结合 第三段末句和第四段的第二句的内容可知，B选项适合作文章标题。8. more than超过,多于9. insist on坚决要求重点句型1. whose引导非限制性定语从句This years Nobel Prize fbr Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner), whose r

39、esearch led lo (he discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment fbr malaria.今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现， 一种治疗疟疾的关键新药物。2. 过去分词短语作定语In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the f

40、irsr researchers chosen.1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批 入选的研究人员。3. where引导定语从句In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was mure common, to study malaria patients.起初，屠呦呦去了疟疾比较普遍的海南，研究疟疾患者。4. 现在分词短语作定语She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one senten

41、ce suggesting a different way lo ireal (he wormwood.她又分析了一遍医学文献，偶然发现了一句话，建议用另一种方法对待艾草。5. Upon/On doing that.一就UDDn/On hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize she said.屠呦呦一听到自己获得诺贝尔奖，她就说魏知识精讲原文呈现TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE6 October 2015This years Nobel Prize fbr Physiology or Medicine2 ha

42、s been awarded to Tu Youyou (cowinner), whQSje research led to the discovery of artemisinin , a crucial new treatment for malaria G 1 . Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives , and has led to improved health for millions of people.Over 200 million people around the world get malaria ea

43、ch year, and about 600, 0(X) die from it.ArtemUinin has become a vital 1 part of the treatment for malaria, and islhou5ht tQ.avl.OOj.QQQJiYe鼠ayearJlLAflicaalene 2.1 whose research.artemisinin是whose引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tu Youyou, whose在从句 中作定语；a crucial new treatment for malaria 是同位语,用来解释说明 artemisinino2

44、此处是“主语+ be thoughl+不定式”句型。Tu Youyou, a committedlll: and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.After she graduated, she worked at the China Academyof Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.rLJL9672 JhejChin袋鼠段怛

45、砌1则一&0塌二03皿1心耍1瘀心浏1一血 objccUYc色Qf discoYcring a new treatment for n)alaia，ancLTu Youyou was among the fi【sLsea【chers chosen3 . In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common 4 , to study malaria patients.In 1969, she became the hcad of the project in Beijing, and decided t

46、o review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical15treatments fbr the disease.Her team examined over 2, 0(X) old medical texts, and evaluated161280 000 plants for (heir medical properties?From (heir research, they discovered and tested 380 distinctu,ancient Chinese medical treatme

47、nts that showed promisein the fight against malaria.【3】这是由and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，with ihe objective of.malaria作状语，表示目的；第二个 分句中，chosen是过去分词作后置定语，修饰the first researchers.【4】where在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Hainan, where在从句中作地点状语。21One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extractfrom sweet wormwoo

48、d to treat a22fever.Tu team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect.They then tried 232425boiling0 fresh wormwood, and using the liquid0 obtained0 from this to treat malaria, but this did nol work262728eilher.Their project got stuck.However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge0 defeat0.She analysed0 the medical29texts again, and by chance。，she found one sentence suogestina a dif