专题11-第十一章非谓语动词（初高区别及衔接）（教师版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx

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1、第十一章非谓语动词初中知识回顾初中学到的非谓语动词，通常充当的是宾语或者宾语补足语的成分回顾一：后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况finish,enjoy,prac（ice,imagine,avoid,consider,sugges（,mind,keep 等动iT后要接动词的-ing ）法式。feel like,be busy,be worth,spend time（in）,have difficult/trouble in,have fun,等固定短语后面也接动词的-ing 形式。on,in,of,about.at,with,without,for,from,up,by 等介词后也要动词的-in

2、g 形式。1 .After （停放）his car, he goes straight to take the plane.parking【解析】句意:在他停放好汽车后，他径直去乘飞机。本题考查非谓语动词。2 .We are now busy g for the Senior High School Entrance Examination.I see. Just take it easy.preparing【解析】句意:我们现在忙着准备中考。我明白。别紧张。本题考查非谓语动词。be busy doing slh.忙于做某事。3.1 spent 24 hours a week （develop

3、） my skills. So 1 was rewarded with the first place medals in nearly every competition.developing【解析】句意:我一周花费二十四小时来提高我的技能。因此我几乎在每一场竞赛中都获得了第 一名。本题考杳非谓语动词。1.1 t is true that everyones dream is worth （坚持）to.sticking【解析】句意:每个人的梦想都值得坚持，这点千真万确。本题考查非谓语动词。5 .Most kids like to go s with families in the mall

4、on Sunday, but Jennifer thought differently.shopping【解析】句意:在周日大多数孩子喜欢和家人一起去购物中心购物，但是Jennifer不这么认为。本题 考查非谓语动词。根据关键词mall可知设空处填shoppingo go shopping去购物。6 .Luke,you have kept my storybook for two weeks. Would you mind r it to me right now?reluming【解析】句意:Luke,你借了我的故事书两周了。你介意马上还给我吗?本题考查非谓语动词。Would you min

5、d doing sth.?你介意做某事吗?7 .Youd better give up （吸烟）too as it may start a fire.smoking 【解析】句意:你最好也戒烟，因为可能引发火灾。本题考杳非谓语动词。give up doing sth.放弃做 某事。Although working hard every day,we still have endless work to deal with.我们即使每天拼命干活，还是有处理不 完的工作。(5)表示结果，相当于结果状语从句。例如：Their car was caught in a traffic jam,causi

6、ng the delay.他们的车遇上了 交通堵塞，结果耽搁了。(6)表示方式或伴随状语。例如：They lay on the grassjooking at the sky.他们躺在草地上，仰望着天空。思考总结常见的非谓语动词表达可以用这样一句话来记忆：ing表示主动进行，cd表示被动完成，不定式表示目的 结果未发生。其常见的考点为：1.区别现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别；2.判断不定式的主动形式和被动形式；3.积累只能跟动名词的动词和只能跟不定式的动词。随堂练习考点一非谓语动词作宾语I .单句填空1 .It was he that first set up private schools

7、 and accepted students from every walk of life without (consider) (heir social status.【答案】considering.So I attempted (translate) through the things they were familiar with.【答案】to translate3.1n my mind, theyre helping us to become calm and consider(win)and solving real problems as well.【答案】winning4.S

8、ometimes, by caring only about (he cups, we fail(enjoy)the coffee.【答案】to enjoy考点二非谓语动词作定语1 .The event serves not only as a spectacular ceremony to commemorate the world-famous Chinese philosopher, but a chance(celebrate) Chinese culture together with other local communities.【答案】to celebrate.The fbod

9、(prepare) in this way keeps its fresh flavor and its this flavor that attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking.【答案】prepared.As he unwrapped the gift, he saw that it was a book (name) The Greatest Story Ever Told.【答案】named.For many people, especially those (live) in the old

10、parts of towns, this is undoubtedly a problem.【答案】living.This site reports science news(cover)a wide range of subjects.【答案】covering考点三非谓语动词作主语、表语1 .For his second appearance in front of the camera, Chaplin selected the costume with which he became (identify).【答案】identified.(have) a balanced and heal

11、thy diet is another good choice.【答案】Having.His new idea was(make)the shell shapes on the roof into the shape of a ball.【答案】to make/making考点四非谓语动词作状语I .单句填空.Peking opera has a rich list of plays, artists, troupes(剧团)，and wide influences, (makc)it the leading opera in China.【答案】making.(inspire)by the

12、sparrow hawk(鹰)circling around in the sky, Lu Ban made one with bamboo and called it “bamboo sparrow”.【答案】Inspired3.In the Song Dynasty, people loaded gunpowder on a kite (attack)the enemy by flying it into the sky above the enemy camp, where it exploded and caused chaos.【答案】to attack4.They lose wei

13、ght for a while, only (gain) more when they stop the program.【答案】to gain考点五非谓语动词作补语1 .They start building their huts late in the summer, but do not get them (finish) before the early frosts. 【答案】finished.Goals can help you do and experience everything you want in life and goals allow you(make) your

14、life happen.【答案】to make.During (he Qin dynasty,。keep the enemy out of his empire. Emperor Qin Shihuang had all (he walls (join)up.【答案】joined.The robot is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it(opcratc)for an hour. 【答案】operatingThe truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret.

15、They provide us with food, wood and most importantly, oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list (block)out harmful bacteria from water.The discovery was made by a team 2 (consist) of scientists from (he Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students who were s

16、eeking a natural water filter-one (hat would help communities in 3 (develop) countries (ha( do not have access to modern water filter systems.The researchers, 4 (lead) by Professor Rohit Kamik, decided 5 (turn) to trees for help because they could allow liquid 6 (flow) through, while blocking out ai

17、r bubbles.They began by 7 (cut) 1.5-inch-wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people 8 (relate) then tested the woods filtering ability by pouring water 9 (contain) red dye particles of different sizes through. To their amazement, they found that it was effective in

18、 trapping all the articles. 10 (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water ihal contained bacteria. Sure enough, (he sapwood held back 99% of (he bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through.I. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.【答案In the summer of 1848, in Guatemala, a man (call)

19、Ambrosio Tut went into the jungle, as he did almost every day. Tut was a gum-collector(树胶采集者)，2 (look) for gum in the jungle. 3 (do) this, he had to climb the trees. On his particular day, he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye. He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of

20、some old buildings.Tut didnt really know what he had seen but he knew it was something special. He ran 4 (tell) the local governor, and together they 5 (walk)into the jungle. There they found Tikal(蒂卡尔),a city that the Mayans (玛雅人) 6 (build) many hundreds of years before. The two men saw temples and

21、 pyramids, squares and houses, and places where kings had lived when the Mayan people ruled (he region.For a long time before that day, local people had known that somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city, but no one had seen it for centuries. Between 200 and 900 AD, the city of Tikal had

22、 been the center of Mayan civilization in the region, but then the Mayans left there and nobody knows why! After 1000 AD, the jungle began 7_ (cover) it and people forgot that it was there.Seven years before Tut looked out for the trees, two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a

23、report about Mayan treasures in the jungle, but they didnt mention Tikal. Even earlier than this, local Indians had told European travelers about a great city 8 (hide) in the trees, but no one would listen to them. Now the _9 (lose) city had been found again, and archaeologists went there immediatel

24、y 10 (see) it.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案1 .called2.1ooking3.To do4.to tell5.walked6.had built7.to cover/covering8.hidden9.1ostl0.to see四Nowadays, more and more Chinese are aware of food waste issues. Even young people tend 1 (take) home their leftovers when 2 (dine) out, most of whom would pack

25、 the dish in a doggie bag if the leftovers are still in good shape and there are also a lot left, according to the survey 3 (conduct) by China Y()uth Daily. The people 4 (bear) in (he 1980s or 1990s believe that 5 (save) food is a virtue.Young people also gave their opinions on how 6 (help) reduce f

26、ood waste. Some advised restaurants 7_(offer) (he serving chopsticks, which would be helpful for customers 8 (pack) the leftovers. Others said it might be useful to promote smaller or half-portion dishes. Another good suggestion is that catering businesses give away coupons (优惠券)to customers who cle

27、ar their plates at dinner.China launched a campaign against food waste in 2013 and renewed the call early this year 9 (create)an increasingly prosperous society. We can all play a part in 10 (reach) the national food waste reduction goalto reduce food waste by 50% in the next 10 years.【答案】1 .to take

28、 2.dining 3.conducted 4.born 5.saving 6.to help 7.to offer 8.to pack9.to create 10.reaching五The story happened in ancient times. A king was so clever that he thought of a good way (test) whether his men were reliable.One day, he had a huge rock 2 (place) on a roadway at night. Then he hid himself ne

29、arby and watched carefully lo see if anyone would remove (he big rock. Some wealthy businessmen and high officials came by, but (hey simply walked around it. Many of them even loudly blamed the king for not 3 (keep) (he roads clear, but none of them would bother 4 (get) the big stone out of the way.

30、Then a villager came along 5 (carry) a load of vegetables. On approaching the big rock, he stopped and laid down his burden, 6 (try) hard to move the stone to the side of the road. After 7 (push) many times, he finally succeeded. As the villager picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse 8

31、 (lie) in the road where the rock had been. The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king, 9 (say) that the gold was for the person who removed the huge rock from the road.The villager learned a valuable lesson (hat many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents an opport

32、unity 10 (improve) ones condition.【答案】I .to lest 2.placed 3.keeping 4.to get 5.carrying 6.(rying 7.pushing 8.lying 9.saying lO.to improve六My name is Jack. Know that the Student Union is looking for volunteers, I am writing to making an application.I really want get this opportunity. By offer my serv

33、ice, not only will I be able to improve my oral English and communication skills, but I can also make more friend. As an outgoing boy, I am warm-hearted and always enjoy help others. I once took part in an activity being organized by the local community to offer help for some homeless people. Beside

34、s, I am fluent in English so I have no difficulty communicate with English speakers. In a word, I believe I am qualified for the position.Hopeful, you will take my application into consideration. Looking fonvard to your reply.【答案】My name is Jack. Know that the Student Union is looking for volunteers

35、, I am writing to making an Knowing make application.I really want A get this opportunity. By offer my service, not only will I be able to improve my oral toeofferingOEnglish and communication skills, but I can also make more friend . As an outgoing boy, I am warm-hearted and friends always enjoy he

36、lp others. I once took part in an activityhelping0being organized by the local community to offer help for some homeless people. Besides, I am fluent in to。English so I have no difficulty communicate with English speakers. In a word, I believe I am qualified for the communicatingposition.Hopeful ,yo

37、u will take my application into consideration. Looking forward to your reply.Hopefully 回顾二：后面可跟动词的不定式的情况agrce,afford,dccide,hope,wish,fail,plan,pretcnd,rcfuse,would like,want,lcarn,prcfer,seem 等动词川笔艮动词的不定 式形式。1.1 cant wait （see） the Alhambra Palace and other places of interest.to see【解析】句意:我迫不及待地去看阿

38、尔汉布拉宫和其他名胜古迹。木题考查非谓语动词。can（ wait to do slh.迫不及待地做某事。2 .Anna opened her arms, just in time （stop） the ball as it was going to fall into the river.to stop【解析】句意:Anna张开手臂，刚好就在球要掉进河里的时候，及时拦住了球。本题考查非谓语动词。3 .The hen agreed （do） so, and the eagle flew away.to do【解析】句意:母鸡同意这样做，于是雕就飞走了。本题考查非谓语动词。4 .The robot

39、 teachers are used （help）improve learning.to help【解析】句意:机器人老师们被用来帮助改善学习。本题考查非谓语动词。回顾三：后面既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况有些动词接doing和（o do意义相近，像like（喜欢），love（喜欢）等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大。有些动词后加不定式或动名词，语意区别很大，如：remember to do（记住要去做）remember doing（记得已做过）forget to do（忘记去做）forget doing（忘记做过）1 .-I think you should stop him in Englis

40、h.-I see.He cant understand English at all.Let me try in French.（A）A.talking toB.to talk toC.lalk toD.to talking to回顾四：后面跟不带to的不定式（动词原形）的情况.在感官动词和使役动词后feel,hear,listen to,watch,look at,see,notice,make,let,have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号 to注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号t。应加上。在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语 时，既可带to,也可不带tOo.

41、助动词或情态动词后do,did,does,will,shall,would,should,can,may,must 等后面接不带 to 的动词不定式。1 .某些固定句型中在祈使语气(或口语)中。(2)had better最好做某事WiH(Would)you please(not)？请(不要)做某事好吗？(4)Why not.?为何不做某事(5)would ralher(not)宁可(不)；宁愿(不)。此句型也可以扩展成：would rather.than.=would.rather than.prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.4.1 wanted to s

42、ee the Beijing Opera,so Lingling offered me to watch an opera.(C)A.took B.takes C.to takeD.taking回顾五：既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况see,watch,hear等动词后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正 在做。5.1 tried to make Alice her mind but I found it difficult.-Well,I saw you that when I went past.(D)A .changed;doB.changes

43、;doingC.changc;to doD.change;doing随堂练习1 .Maybe it is not always easy (discover)yourself. But if you do, you will have a new start.to discover【解析】句意:发现你自己可能不总是容易的一件事。但如果你这样做，你将会有一个新的开始。 本题考查非谓语动词。2 .Maybe I can even encourage you (go) for a swim.to go【解析】句意:也许我甚至能鼓励你去游泳。本题考查非谓语动词。3 .But you woke up i

44、n the middle of the night, only (find)that you couldn t fall back asleep!to find【解析】句意:但是你在夜间醒来，结果发现你无法再入睡!only to do sth.不料;竟然。4 .Uncle John plans (grow)corn to feed pigs.to grow【解析】句意:约翰叔叔计划种植玉米来养猪。本题考查非谓语动词。5 .The next day, Sally went (购物)after a quick lunch.shopping【解析】句意:第二天,Sally在匆忙吃完午饭后就去购物了。

45、本题考查非谓语动词。6 .Thc book 1 bought yesterday is worth (阅读).reading【解析】句意:我昨天买的那本书值得一读。本题考查非谓语动词。7 .Now youre ready (start)the app.to start【解析】句意:现在你准备开始制作app 了。本题考查非谓语动词。固定搭配be ready lo do sth.准备 做某事。8 .Nevertheless,that shouldnt stop you from (have)a great time.having【解析】句意:然而，那不应该妨碍你过得快乐。本题考杳非谓语动词。9.O

46、n the other hand, it is true that you spend less time (work)if you take a nap.working【解析】句意:另一方面，如果你小睡一下,确实你会在工作上花费更少一点的时间。本题考查非谓 语动词。spend.(in)doing sth.,因此设空处应该填写动名词。10.1 had to use a really old, basic phone just (keep)me in touch with my family and friends.to keep【解析】句意:我不得不使用一个真的很老、基础型手机仅仅为的是和我的

47、家人和朋友保持联系。本题考查非谓语动词。使用动词不定式作目的状语。高中知识衔接高中阶段，非谓语动词的学习更加深入，我们将要学习到它们充当句子各种成分的用法。知识一：作主语不定式短语或者动名词短语作主语时，为了使句子结构平衡，常将不定式短语或者动名词短语放在谓语之 后，而用t作形式主语。如：It is our duty to give as much help as possible.提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。To err is human,to forgive is divine.犯错误是人之常情，宽恕才难能可贵。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。拓展动名词和不定式都可作

48、主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示一般或抽象或多次的行为， 不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。在 It is no use/good,not any use/good,useless 后人们习惯用动名词。经典例题I .-What do you suppose made her worried?a gold ring.A.LoseB.LostC.LosingD.Because of losing【分析】回答why引导的问句，一般用不定式表示原因或者目的；回答what问句，一般用-ing形式来作主 语。【解答】答案为C。【归纳】答语经常出现省略现象，把省略的成分补充出来，也会有助于正确解答。2.to sunlight fbr too much time will do harm to ones skin.A. Ex posedB.Having exposedC.Being exposedD. A tier being exposed【分析】由题意“暴露在阳光下太久，会伤害人的皮肤”可知应采用-ing形式的被动式作主语。【解答】答案为C。【归纳】非谓语动词作主语除了应考虑主谓一致的情况，还应该考虑非谓语动词中所隐含的主语和动词之间的主被 动关系。