专题22 阅读理解之应用文类-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点题型技巧》精讲与精练高分突破系列（通用）（解析版）.docx

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1、专题22阅读理解之应用类考点题型技巧0考向分析-1.考点趋势：今后对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对 主旨大意题和文章结构题的考查。2 .理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加， 由简单寻找信息向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。3 .信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加 大，非考纲词汇有所增加（主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词）。旨在引导学生掌握 词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。考试说明 中根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义”这一新要求预示对能力要求有所提高。4 .句

2、子的难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言 现象普遍。5 .体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化 文化意识的渗透。题材涉猎广泛，体现”语言是文化的载体”这理念。西股考点导航广告类阅读题的五大特点1 .材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往 都希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量 大，用词简练，形式灵活。2 .内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的 是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。3 .形式特点

3、：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所 刊登的内容（产品或服务等）买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题 醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。1000 River Road. H-DH1 -02 Teaneck, NJ 07666Who are the courses intended for?A. High school students.B. College graduates.C. College freshmen.D. Primary school pupils.7. What can you infer about the Summer Prc-Co

4、licgc Program?A. It offers hands-on learning chances.B. A student can earn 15 college credits.C. All （he courses are given online.D. Sludents must stay on （he campus.8. How much will you pay if you book two courses now?A. $308.B. $770.C.$1232.D.S1540【答案】7. A 8.C 9.C【解析】本文是应用文，是一则暑假线上学习课程的促销广告。7 .细节理

5、解题。根据第一自然段“Fairleigh Dickinson Universitys Summer Pre-College Program offers motivated students in grades 9 to 12 the opportunity to get a jump-start on earning college credits through new, engaging, interactive courscs.（费尔雷迪金森大学的暑期大学预科 项目为9-12年级的积极学生提供了一个机会，通过新的、吸引人的、互动的课程来获得大 学学分）可知，这个课程主要是针对9至12年

6、级，准备上大学的高中生。故选A项。8 .推理判断题。根据第自然段“Sludents will develop in-demand skills and learn cutting-edge techniques in a virtual academic setting.（学生将在虚拟的学术环境中发展所需的技能和学习前 沿技术）”和第二自然段“Our courses have been designed to keep students engaged in a remote leaning format.（我们的课程是为了让学生参与远程学习而设计的）”可推知，所有课程都是线 上教学课程。故选

7、C项。9 .细节理解题，根据 Program Cost 部分“$77（） per course（You can get 20% discount if you book now!）（每门课程$770,如果您现在预订，可以享受8折优惠!）”可知，一门课程的学费是770 美元，现在预订可打8折，两门课程就是：770x2x0.8=1232美元。故选C项。3Hibernation is a complex solution to a simple problem. In winter, food is scarce. To survive this seasonal starvation, anima

8、ls, such as the arctic ground squirrel and black bear, hibernate so that physiological shifts keep them alive despite the lack of food, water and movement. Researchers and doctors alike are interested in how these hibernation tricks could help humans with their own health.THREAT: StrokeINSIGHT: Bloo

9、d flow in the brain of a hibernating arctic ground squirrel drops to a tenth of normal. Typically such oxygen shortage would cause a stroke. But these squirrels can survive all winter because their metabolism lowers to 2 percent of its summer raterequiring much less oxygen to maintain. If doctors co

10、uld similarly lower the metabolism of a human patient immediately after a strokeperhaps by cooling the bodythey might prevent permanent brain damage, says Brian Barnes, a biologist al the University of Alaska Fairbanks.THREAT: DiabetesINSIGHT: People who gain a lot of weight often stop responding to

11、 insulin, which regulates the amount of glucose that cells take up from the blood. Yet grizzly bears gain 100 pounds or more each autumn and somehow avoid diabetes. A recent study found that the grizzlies fat cells become more sensitive to insulin as they prepare for the winter, allowing the bears t

12、o keep processing and storing sugar. Scientists at biotechnology company Amgen are now testing whether making slight changes to the same protein (hat controls sensitivity in diabetic humans could have similar results. THREAT: OsteoporosisINSIGHT: If a human were to lie still for long periods without

13、 food, his or her bones would slowly degrade. A black bear, however, emerges from its cave after winter just as strong as ever because its bone is recycled at 25 percent of normal levels during hibernation. Researchers at Colorado State University are now trying to identify the hormones that control

14、 this extreme limit on bone turnover. They aim to create a drug for people at risk for osteoporosis that similarly protects bone density.THREAT: Heart DiseaseINSIGHT: During heart surgery, a patient becomes short of oxygen when the heart stops beating. To cope, the body switches from aerobic to anae

15、robic metabolism. Unfortunately, the change creates lactic acid, which can kill cells if it builds up. Damage of this kind docs not occur in hibernating arctic ground squirrels, likely because they break down more fats than sugars even after the heart has slowed to just one beat per minute. Research

16、ers at Duke University and ihe University of Alaska Fairbanks are now working to identify how this species prioritizes fat as fuel in low-oxygen conditions. Finding a way to get heart surgery patients to do the same may reduce injury to organs during procedures.13. What is the passage mainly about?A

17、. What humans can learn from animals that sleep for months on end.B. What health threats humans are facing while they are under treatment.C. How humans can survive from the same tough conditions as animals do.D. How health threats can be avoided if humans arc with certain animals.14. How grizzly bea

18、rs process sugar in the autumn may give insights into how to deal with.A. strokeB. diabetesC. osteoporosis D. heart disease15. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Metabolism usually consumes a small amount of oxygen.B. Fat cells arc less sensitive to insulin than ot

19、her cells.C. Lying still for a long time will affect bone density.D. Doctors are seeking ways to keep patients hearts beating in surgery.【答案】13. A 14. B 15. C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了人类可以从冬眠的动物身上学到的一些帮助人类 保持健康的知识。13 .主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Hibernation is a complex solution to a simple problem. In winter, food is sc

20、arce. To survive this seasonal starvation, animals, such as the arctic ground squirrel and black bear, hibernate so that physiological shifts keep them alive despite the lack of food, water and movement. Researchers and doctors alike are interested in how these hibernation tricks could help humans w

21、ith their own health/冬眠是一个简单问题的复杂解决方案。冬天食 物匮乏。为了在这种季节性的饥饿中生存下来，动物，如北极地松鼠和黑熊，会冬眠，这样 生理上的变化使它们在缺乏食物、水和运动的情况下仍能生存。研究人员和医生都对这曲冬 眠技巧如何帮助人类保持健康感兴趣）”结合文章主要介绍了 4个人类可以从冬眠的动物身上 学到的一些帮助人类保持健康的知识。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是人类可以从连续睡几个 月的动物身上学到什么。故选A。14 .细节理解题。根据 THREAT: Diabetes 部分中“Yet grizzly bears gain 100 pounds or more e

22、ach autumn and somehow avoid diabetes. A recent study found （hat the grizzlies fat cells become more sensitive to insulin as they prepare for the winter, allowing the bears to keep processing and storingsugar.（然而，灰熊每年秋天都会增重100磅或更多，而且不知怎么就能避免患糖尿病。最近的一项研究发现，灰熊的脂肪细胞在为冬天做准备时对胰岛素更加墩感，这使得灰熊能 够继续处理和储存糖分）”可

23、知，灰熊在秋天处理糖的过程可能会给我们提供一些关于如何处 理糖尿病问题的见解。故选B。15 .细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“If a human were to lie still for long periods without food, his or her bones would slowly degrade.（如果一个人长时间不吃东西而躺着不动，他或她的骨头 就会慢慢退化）”可知，C选项“长期躺着不动会影响骨密度”正确。故选C。4Turkish TreatsHello London foodies!Im kicking off this weeks blog by talking a

24、bout a fantastic new Turkish restaurant in Soho called Moda. I cant remember ever eating better dolma or hummusit was so delicious! In fact, this is one of the things which the restaurant prides itself onthe freshness and authenticity of the ingredients. Apparently, the chef insists that the fruit a

25、nd vegetables arc brought over every day from his home region in Turkeyand from nowhere else. He may be a perfectionist, but it was so delicious that I canl coinplain. Moda isnt cheap, but its definitely worth every penny.And Ive got great news fbr you. When I told him that I write a food blog, he s

26、aid hed give all my readers a 10% discount! Just mention this blog when you book.A very different restaurant, where I had lunch last Monday, is Chez Fitz. Situated near Leicester Square, its main selling point is that its food is all locally sourced (within 30 kilometres of the restaurant). My frien

27、ds and I were completely amazedwe had no idea that so much could be grown so close to central London. But it turns out that there arc pockets of green all over the cityyou justCommentsSouthLondonMuni10 OctoberHi-regarding your last point, Ive found the same thing recently. I read somewhere that the

28、average shopping basket has already increased by 20% this year. The prices have gone up so much, because of the awful weather weve been having, and (hey may go up even more. How are we meant to feed our families?Ecovore10 OctoberIm not sure we should be supporting restaurants like Moda. They are vei

29、y bad for the environment. What about all the extra carbon emissions from the 4food miles created by bringing over those ingredients from Turkey?Anonymousneed to know where to look.11 OctoberOne final point: I couldnt believe how pricey myI know what youre saying, Ecovore,weekly shop was this week.

30、Normally if s about 40, but thisbut dont have a go at restaurants likeweek it was more than 55 for more or less the same amountModa. If we grow exotic vegetables in theof food. Any ideas why?UK, then we have to use heatedMore in a couple of weeks as Im going away on mygreenhouses and that probably u

31、ses evenholidays tomorrow!more energy.19. Why does the blogger like Moda?A. It offers its customers a discount.B. It provides typical Turkish foodC. It hires a chef who comes from Turkey.D. It transports ingredients from ail over the world.20. Which of the following statements is true according to t

32、he passage?A. Chef Fitz is located 30 kilometers from Leicester Square.B. The blogger is angry that he spends so much on food this week.C. SouthLondonMum is worried about the ever worsening weatherD. Ecovore doesnt think of Moda in the same way as the blogger does.21. The word “exotic” （in Anonymous

33、s comments） is closest in tncaning to.A. localB. foreignC. fruitfulD. fruitless【答案】19. B 20. D 21. B【解析】这是一篇应用文。博文中介绍了伦敦的两家餐馆，附带了几条评论。19 .细节理解题。根据博文第二段中“Apparently, the chef insists that the fruit and vegetables are brought over every day from his home region in Turkeyand from nowhere else.（显然，这位厨 师

34、坚持每天的水果和蔬菜都是从他的家乡土耳其运来的，而不是从其他地方。）“可知，博主 之所以喜欢Moda,是因为它提供典型的土耳其食物。故选B项。20 .细节理解题。根据博文第二段中He may be a perfectionist, but it was so delicious that I cant complain. Moda isnt cheap, but its definitely worth every penny.（他可能是个完美主义者， 但它太美味了，我不能抱怨。Moda不便宜，但每一分钱都绝对值。户等内容可知，博主很 喜欢 Moda；根据 Ecovore 的评论中“They

35、are very bad for the environment它们对环境有害）” 等内容可知，Ecovore评论中强调/ Moda餐馆的缺点。从而判断选项DEcovore对Moda 的看法与博主不同是正确的。故选D项。21 .词句猜测题。博文第二段中“Apparently, the chef insists that the fruit and vegetables are brought over every day from his home region in Turkeyand from nowhere else.（显然，这位厨 师坚持每天的水果和蔬菜都是从他的家乡土耳其运来的，而不

36、是从其他地方。户说明Moda 餐厅从国外土耳其运来食材，再根据Anonymous （匿名）评论中“but don,t have a go at restaurants like Moda.（ 但不要去Moda这样的餐馆。）”可知,此处在谈论Moda餐馆。从 而推断评论中 exotic 所在句“If we grow exotic vegetables in the UK, then we have to use heated greenhouses and （hat probably uses even more energy.（如果我们在英国种植 exotic 蔬菜，那么 我们必须使用加热的温

37、室，这可能会消耗更多的能源。厂中exotic应为“歪国的”的意思，对 应前面提到的“从土耳其运来食材”，故选B项。5Online Early Childhood Education Course ProgramsIf youre interested in receiving a degree in early childhood education, you may want to take relevant courses. If you have a busy plan, finding online early education courses can be a true lifes

38、aver. With the following online course programs, youll find it easier to complete your coursework around your plan.Associate in SciencePrice: $ 105/credit hourDuration: 60 credit hoursThis program from Florida State Collage is designed for those who are interested in working with young children in c

39、hild development centers or home child care centers. Students will leam how they can best plan to meet the needs of younger learners. When they sign up for this program, learners will have the choice to hose to focus on management or education.Bachelor of ArtsPrice: $510/credil hourDuration: 120 cre

40、dit hoursThe program from Ashford University is broken down into a series of five week courses.Youll only need to complete one course at time, so youll be able to devote all of your attention to one subject matter. The participant will learn about early childhood development, how to plan and how to

41、create programs for young learners.BS in EC EducationPrice: $ 375/crcdit hourDuration: 120 credit hoursThe program tom Alabama University focuses on how children between the ages of birth and eight develop emotionally, physicality socially and cognitively（认知）.Courses cover ideas such as designing le

42、arning programs for preschoolers and building partnerships with families.EC Education Bachelors DegreePrice: $ 402.50/crcdit hourDuration: 120 credit hoursThe program from K State Online is designed to prepare educators to work with children from birth through kindergarten. The program will also inc

43、lude information on working with children who have disabilities or other special needs. In addition （o the online courses, learners will also join in an in-classroom field experience with a local school25 . Which course program follows you to focus on management sill?A. Associate in Science.B. Bache

44、lor of Arts.C. BS in EC Education.D. EC Education Bachelors Degree26 . How much should you pay to finish Ashford Universitys course program?A. $6,120.B. $ 6,300.C. $ 45,000.D.$ 61,200.27 . What is special about EC Education Bachelors Degree?A. It is sponsored by a famous university.B. It is availabl

45、e mostly in a local school,C. It refers to working with disabled kids,D. It focuses on early childhood education.【答案】25. A 26. D 27. C【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个和儿童早期教育有关的网上课程项目。28 .细节理解题。根据 Associate in Science 部分中“When they sign up for this program, learners will have the choice to hose to focus on man

46、agement or education.（当他们报名参力口这个 项目时，学习者将可以选择专注于管理或教育）“可知，Associate in Science可以允许你专注 学习管理技能。故选A。29 .细节理解题。根据 Bachelor of Arts 部分中“Price: $510/credit hour； Duration: 120 credit hours ； The program from Ashford University is broken down into a series of five week courses.（价格：51（）美元/学时；时长：120学时；这个来自阿什

47、福德大学的项目分为一系列 为期五周的课程）“可知，要完成Ashford University的整个课程项目需要花费510x120=61200 美元。故选D。30 .细节理解题。根据 EC Education Bachelors Degree 部分中“The program will also include information on working with children who have disabilities or other special needs.（该计划还将包 括与有残疾或其他特殊需要的儿童一起工作的信息）”可知，EC Education Bachelor,s Degr

48、ee 的特别之处是涉及到要与残疾孩子一起工作。故选C。6POETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.50 Honorable Menti