2023年八年级英语上册知识点总结.docx

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1、八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?本单元的话题：谈论假期活动内容，复习一般过去时。本单元的语法：1.复习一般过去时；2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用 法。2.不定代词和不定副词的用法：（1）左边的 some、any every no 与右边的 body、one thing 构 成不定代词，some any every、no与右边的疑问副词where构成 不定副词；（2） 一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句，以 any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句；以no开头的 不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义

2、（no one为两个单词）；（3）不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时，形容词放在后面。lie has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。（肯定句 用 something,形容词 important 放后）Did you buy anything special?（一般疑问句用 anything,形容 词special放后）Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上个月你去令人感 兴趣的地方了吗？（一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere,形容词interesting放后）（4）不定代词和不定副词做主语时，后面的动词用

3、单数形式。Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。sth）:尽力（做某事）Unit6 Im going to study computer science. 本单元的话题：谈论自己将来的计划或打算。本单元的语法:学习一般将来时be going to do sth。本单元的短语和知识点：1.词性转换：science （名词,科学）一scientist （名词,科学家） violin （名词,小提琴）-violinst （名词,小提琴家）piano （名 词，钢琴）一pianist （名词，钢琴家）2. grow up成长，长大 3. be good at+名词代词、动词+

4、ing:擅长 He is good at math, but he isn t good at speaking English.他擅长数学，但是不擅长说英语。 4. keep on doing sth:继续做某事5. be sure about:确信，对有把握His mother isn, t sure about his study.他的妈妈对他的学习没 有把握。6. move to + 地点：搬（家）到某地 7. take singingacting lessons 上歌唱课上表演课=have singingacting lessons 8. send sb sth = send sth

5、 to sb 寄送给某人某物His grandfather often sends him moneyo = His grandfather often sends money to him.9. learn to do sth学会做某事play the piano 弹钢琴 make the soccer team 组建足球队 get good grades取得好的成绩eat healthier food吃更健康的食品 get lots of exercise进行大量锻炼10. foreign language 外国语言 12. study hard 努力学习 most of the time

6、大多数时间14. get back from+土也点：从回来 He will get back from Beijing in 3 days.at the beginning of在开始的时候,write down写下/记下,17. different kinds of 不同种类的 have to do with 关于，与 有关系，take up开始从事20. too+形容词+to do sth：太以至于不能so+形容词+that+句子：如此以至于形容词+enough to do sth：足够能够做某事（注意三个句型有时 可以互相转换）He is so young that he can t

7、go to school.他如此年轻以至于 不能去上学。=He is too young to go to school.他太年轻了以至于不能去上学。=He isn t old enough to go to school.22. make sb+形容词:让某人怎么样 The good news made us happy. （注意：news为不可数名词）how to do better at school为“疑问词+不定式”即“疑问词 +to do sth”He didn t know when to start.他不知道什么时候开始。24. go touniversity去上大学Unit

8、7 Will people have robots?本单元的话题：谈论对未来的语言，学习一般将来时will do Stho 本单元的语法:学习一般将来时will do Stho一般将来时由“助动词will / shall +动词原型”构成，表示将来 某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如 tomorrownext week, in 2 days(2 天之后)等连用。(Shall 用于第 一人称，will可以用于各种人称。)(will not=won,t)一般疑问句：把肯定句中的will提到句首即可。以上两句的一般疑 问句为：Will you visit the old ma

9、n next week? Yes, we will. No, we won t .否定句：把肯定句中的will变为won t即可。以上两句的否定句 为：We won t visit the old man next week. She won t finish the work in 2 weeks.本单元的短语和知识点：1. There be 结构：There be (is/are/was/were) + 某物/某人+某地/某 时uThere be结构”的一般现在时:There is/are+某物/某人+某地/ 某时There are 600 students in our school.在

10、我们学校有 600 个学生。一般过去时：There was/were+某物/某人+某地/某时 There was a school ten years ago.一般将来时：There will be+某物/某人+某地/某时.二There is going to be+某物/某人+某地/某时.There will be a sport meeting next week. =There is going to be a sport meeting next weeek. 下周将有场运动会。 2. on computers在电脑上，on paper在纸 上a few +可数名词复数：有一些、有几个

11、a little +不可数名词： 有一些few +可数名词复数：几乎没有（表示否定） 不可数名词：几乎没有（表示否定）many+可数名词复数：很多，许多few的比较级是fewer , little的比较级是lessmuch+不可数名词：很多，许多man八much的比较级都是moreThere will be less polution in the future.在未来将会有更少 的污染。（polution为不可数名词）We should plant more trees,我们应该种更多的树。（tree为可数 名词）There will be fewer cars in the future.

12、在未来将会有更少的汽 车。（car为可数名词）in （great） danger 在（极度）危险中 on the earth 在地球上 save the earth拯救地球6.in+一段时间：在之后（多用于一般将来时）He will come back in 2 days.两天之后他将回来。f How soon will he come back?多久他将回来？句型 There isare sb doing sth.有某人正在做某事。There is a cat eating fish.10.hundreds of+名词：成百上千的，许多（表示模糊数字）数字+ hundred +名词：几百（表

13、示具体数字）He has hundreds of book,他有很多书。He bought two hundred books. 他买了二百本书。12. at some point:在某些方面 free time 空闲时间 in one, s free time在某人空闲时间Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? 本单元的话题：描述做事情的顺序和过程。（First首先,Next下 面,Then然后,Finally最后） 本单元的语法：复习一般现在时。本单元的短语和知识点：1 （P57, la） turn on 打开turn up 调大turn o

14、ff 关上turn down 调小2 .How many+可数名词复数：多少How much+不可数名词：多少He has eight books.他有八本书。f How many books does he have? 他有多少本书？3 .量词的用法：不可数名词常用“数字+量词+不可数名词”来表示。 如：a piece of bread 一片面包 比较：two pieces of bread 两片面包 （bread为不可数名词）a glass of orange 一玻璃杯橘子汁one spoon of butter 一勺黄油5. one more thing = another one th

15、ing 基数词 + more + 名词 = another +基数词+名词：又多少某物 He ate an apple, he wanted to eat two more apples.7. It s time （for sb） to do sth是某人该做某事的时间了。It s time for us to have lunch.It s time for sth 是该做某事的时间了。It s time for the class. 是该上课的时候了。Unit 9 Can you come to my party? 本单元的话题：学会发出、接受或拒绝邀请。本单元的语法：复习 情态动词。本单

16、元的短语和知识点：1. on Saturday afternoon在星期六下午，在具体哪一天的是上午、 下午或晚上用on,have to必须（后跟动词原形）He has to get up early.他必须 早起。f （一般疑问句）Does he get up early? Yes, he does. No, he doesn t.（否定句）He doesn t have to get up early.他没有必要早起。4. sth=want sth 想要某物 Jim would like anew pen .Would like to do sth=want to do sth 想做某事

17、He d like to watch TV.Would you like to do sth ?你愿意做.?（用来提出建议或征求对方意见）would you like to go shopping with me ?你想和我一起去 买东西吗？Yes, I? d love to ， but I m doing my homework.我想去， 但是我现在正在做家庭作业。（二Sorry, I m doing my homework.非常抱歉，我正在做家庭作业。）prepare for sth 为做准备go to the doctor 去看病 have theflu患流感help my parent

18、s给父母帮忙have an exam考试until的用法:G若动词为延续性动词则用肯定句式He studied until 21:00pm.他一直学习到晚上九点。2若动词为非延续性动词，则用not - , until.（直到。才。） He didn, t go to bed until his father came back.他一直到他爸 爸回来才上床睡觉。10. study for a math test 为数学考试做准备 go to the party 参加聚会11. WhatJ s today?今天几号？ Its Monday, the 14th.今天星期一, 十四号。补充：what

19、day is it today?今天星期儿？it s Monday 今天星期一。What? s the date today?今天几月几日？ It s October 20th . 今天10月20日。12. go to the doctor 去看病 have a piano lesson 上钢琴课look after 照看，照料 二 take care ofShe is old to look after his brother她足够大了能够照看她的 弟弟。take good care of =look after-well 好好照顾，好好照料We should take good care

20、of the children. = We should look after the children well.感叹句的类型：What a/an+adj+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！What +adj+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！What a fine day （it is） !多么好的天啊！ （day为可数名词单 数）What an interesting book it is !多么有趣的一本书啊！（book 为可数名词单数）What beautiful flowers they are !多么漂亮的花啊！（flowers为可数名词复数）What bad weather

21、 it is!多么糟糕的天气啊！（weather为不可数 名词）How+adj +主语+ （谓语中的）系动词！ How+adv +主语+ （谓 语中的）实义动词！How happy I am!我多麽高兴啊！（happy为adj, am为系动词）How hard they are working !他们工作多么努力啊!（hard 为 adv, work 为实义动词）点拨：陈述句改为感叹句，可以采用“一判、二定、三移二一判：是判断出陈述句谓语动词后的中心词的词性（adj / adv/n）； 二定：是根据判断出来的结果来确定引导词（中心词为名词用What； 中心词为形容词或副词用How；）三移：就是

22、把主语和谓语移到后面。注意：在感叹句中，不得出现so, very, very much等表示程度的单 词。例如：Our school is beautiful .一判：beautiful为形容词；二定：beautiful为形容词，用How来 引导；三移：把Our school is移到How beautiful后面，即为感叹 句 How beautiful our school is!He is a clever boy.一判：boy为名词；二定：boy为名词，用What来引导；三移：把He is 移到 What a clever boy 后面,即为感叹句 What a clever boy

23、he is!He studies English well.一判：well为副词；二定：well为副词，用How来引导；三移：把 He studies 移到 How well 后面，即为感叹句 How well he studies! 练习：将下列句子变为感叹句。The room is very bright. We live a happy life today.It is a nicepresent.This is difficult problem.She played thepiano wonderfully.16. ） the （best） way to do sth:做某事的（最好

24、）方法thanks for+名词V,ing:为什么而感谢18. take a trip 参加郊游，at the end of this month在本月底go back to+地点:回到某地 He will go back to Beijing in 2 days.两天后他将回北京。19. have a surprise party for sb为某人举办一个惊喜的晚会without+名词、代词 Ving：没有 He can t finish the work without our help, （help 为名词）He went to school without having breakf

25、ast.他没有吃早饭就去 上学。（have为动词）look forward to + 名词代词V. ing：期待,盼望24. hear from sb.收到某人的来信=receive a letter from sb.27. the opening of*-：开幕/开业28.在具体哪一天的上午、下午、本单元的短语和知识点：1. go on vacation 去度假 go to the mountains 上山/进山stay at home 呆在家 go to the beach 去海滩 visit museums 参 观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营3. study f

26、ortests为考试而学习、备考 go out出去quite a few相当多，不少（后跟可数名词复数）take photos照 相 most of the time 大部分时间 5. buy sth for sb = buy sb sth 为某人买某物6. taste good.尝起来很好taste （尝起来）、look （看起来）、sound （听起来）为感官动词，后 跟形容词have a goodgreatfun time 过得高兴，玩得愉快（=en joy oneself）7. go shopping 去购物 9. nothingbut+动词原形：除了之外什么都没有He had not

27、hing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除 了读书无事可做。10. seem to do sth:好像I seem to know him.我好像认识他。 seem+ （to be） + 形容词：看起来The work seems （to be） easy. 这工作看起来很容易。11. keep a diary i己日记12arrivein+大地方：达到某地 （get to +地方：达到某地）arrive at+小地方：达到某地（get的过去式为got）晚上用on,比较:in the morning在早晨 on Sunday morning在星期天

28、的早晨 29. invite sb to + 地点:邀请某人去某地（invite - invitation ） invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事31. reply to sth / sb：回答某事/回答某人 go shopping 购 物，do homework做家庭作业Unit 10 If you go to the party, you 11 have a great time!本单元的话题：谈论事情可能的结果。本单元的语法：在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来一一即主 将从现。If you go to the party, we will have a great

29、time从句（一般现在时）（主句一般将来时）解释：在条件状语从句，时间状语从句中，若主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来简称主将从现If it is fine tomorrow, I? 11 visit shanghai区分:宾语从句若主句为一般现在时，从句可以根据需要用任何时态I think I 11 finish the work in 2 days.我认为我在两天内将 完成这项工作。主句（一般现在时）宾语从句填空： I think she（come） here tomorrow. If he(come )here, I(call) you.本单元的短语和知识点：1. have a

30、 great /good time 玩的开心 stay at home 呆在家里 take the bus 乘公交车，go to the party 参加晚会 tomorrow night 明天晚上 talk about sth谈论某事have aclass party 开班级晚会 have a class meeting 开班会6. plan to do sth 计戈U做某 They are planning to go shopping. 他们正在计划购物。 7. (P74, 2b)half the class全班一半人,make some food做食物8. ask sb. to do

31、sth 请某人做某事 My parents often ask me to study hard.ask sb. not to do sth 请某人不要做某事 My techer often asks us not to be late.10. too+形容词+to do sth：太以至于不能so+形容词+that+句子：如此以至于形容词+enough to do sth：足够能够做某事(注意三个句型常常 可以互换转换)He is so young that he can, t go to school.他如此年轻以至于 不能去上学。=He is too young to go to scho

32、ol.他太年轻了以至于不能去上学。=He isn t old enough to go to school.11. tell sb. to do sth 高速某人做某事 tell sb. not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事12. give sb some advice给某人建议/劝告(adivce为不可数名词)travel around the world 周游世界，go to college 上大学， make (a lot of) money 挣钱，get an education 接受教育,13. ) work hard努力工作，a soccer player 一个足球运动员

33、talk to sb.与某人谈话，keepto oneself把留给自己/独处14. have problems with sth:在某方面有困难 have problems（in） doing sth:做方面有困难（in） doing sth:做方面有困难（2个句型常常可以互换）She has problems with English.她在学习英语方面有困难。=She has problems (in) learning English.她学习英语有困难。15. unless=if-not 如果.不Unless it is sunny tomorrow, Iwon t go shoppin

34、g. =If it isn t sunny tomorrow, I won t go shopping.16. be afraid to do sth:不敢做某事 be afraid of sth:害怕某物21. be angry with sb 生某的气 He is angry with his son.他在生他儿子的气。be angry aboutat sth 因某事而生气 He is angry aboutat his work.他因为工作生气。22. make mistakes 犯错误 23. remember to do sth 记着去做某 事（事情还未做）remember doin

35、g sth记着已经做过某事（事情做完，但是还记着）Please remember to close the door when you leave.当你离开的 时候记着关上门。（门还未关）.He remembered closing the door.他记着已经关上门了。（门已经关 上）advise sb to do sth 劝说某人做某事advise sb doing 建议提议做某事。24. ItJ s best （not） to do sth.最好（不要）做某事 solve a problem 解决难题run away from 逃避 Don t run away from your pr

36、oblems, solve a problem解决难题30. agree with sb:同意某人（的看法、意见、观点等）31. worry about 担心=be worried about若是arrive和get后跟home、there here三个地点副词，后面的 介词inatto必须去掉。Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家。13. decide to do sth:决定做某事 14. try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事feel li

37、ke给的感觉；感受到 16. in the past在过去 walk around四处走走enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事difference（名词，差异，差别）different（形容词，不同的）18. start doing sth：开始做某事 （=start to do sth）19. over an hour 一个多小时（over 超过，多余=more than）19. too many太多，后接可数名词复数。too much太多，后跟不 可数名词，修饰动词作状语。much too太，后跟形容词或副词,分辨三者的口诀：too much, much too,用法区别看后头:mu

38、ch后接不可数,too后修饰形或副。 too many要记住，后面名词必复数。20. because of因为，后接名词、代词或动名词（即动词+ing）,不 能接句子。because因为，后跟句子。He was late for school because of getting up late.他因为起晚而上学迟到。（get为动词）二 He was late for school because he got up late.21. enough（足够的）与名词连用，一般放在名词前He has enough money .22. enough（足够的）与形容词或副词连用,enough放在后面

39、。He is old enough to go to school.23. Forgetdoing sth.忘记已经做过某事（已经做完）Forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（还未做）（forget的过去式为 forgot）24. so+形容词+that+句子：如此以至于too+形容词+to do sth：太以至于不能形容词+enough to do sth：足够能够做某事（注意三个句型有时 可以互换）He is so young that he can t go to school. = He is too young to go to school.二 He isn t old e

40、nough to go to school.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?本单元的话题：谈论生活习惯，复习一般现在时。本单元的语法：1.复习一般现在时；2.学习表示频率副词的用法。 主要频率副词的等级排序：always（总是） usually （通常） often （经常） sometimes（有时） hardly ever（很少） never（从 不）这些副词在句子中的位置，一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之 后，行为动词之前。即：“行”前“助（系）”后。Peter is always late for school. Peter上学总是迟到。I usu

41、ally do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作业。 提问 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词，用 How often I watch TV every day.我每天都看电视How often do you watch TV?（你多长时间看一次电视？） 本单元的短语和知识点：1. on weekends 在周末 go to the movies 去看电影 help with housework 帮助做家务 how often 多久一次 hardly ever 几 乎从不once a week 每周一次 twice

42、a week 每周两次 every day 每天 use the Internet 用互联网be free 有空 Are you free on weekends?你周末有空吗？4. stay up late 熬夜 at least 至少 go to bed early 早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动after school 放学后 6. want sth：需要某物 He wants a new pen. 他想要一支新钢笔。want to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school. 放学后他想去看电视。want sb to do

43、sth:让某人做某事 My mother wants me get up early. 妈妈让我早起。7. be good for对有好处 be bad for对有害处play computer games 打电子游戏 go camping 去野营 9. asksb about sth： 问某人某事My parents often ask me aboutmy study.我的父母经常问我的学习情况。10. in one, s spare time 在某人业余时间 He studies English in his spare time. 11. （P13, 2b）”数字+percent of

44、+名词”做主语时, 后面的单词取决于名词的情况。若名词为复数，后面的动词用复数形 式；若名词为单数或不可数名词，后面的动词用单数形式。In our class , twenty of students are boys. Thirty of water is dirty.12. notat all: 一点儿也不 （not 构成否定句）I don, t like the movie at all.13. go online 上网二surf the Internet 14. the answer to+名词： 的答案the （best） way to do sth:做某事的（最好）方式The be

45、st way to learn English is speaking English.学习英语的 最好方法是说英语.16. such as比如（后跟名词或名词短语）for example例如（后跟 句子）He likes fruits, such as apples, bananas and so on.他喜欢水果， 例如苹果、香蕉等。He has some good ways to study English, for example , he often listens to tapes.19. more than (=over)超过，多余go to the dentist 去看牙医Un

46、it 3 r m more outgoing than my sister.本单元的话题：谈论事物对比，学习形容词比较级。本单元的语法：学习形容词比较级。(语法：见课本第113页至115 页)本单元的短语和知识点：1. play+the +乐器 play the drums 打鼓 比较 play + 球类 play basketball 打篮球bothand两者都(后面的动词用复数形式)Both Tom and Jimare students.3. be good at+名词、代词V ing:擅长，在某方面做得好7. be like:像The books are like friends.书像

47、朋友。8. make friends (with sb)：(和某人)交朋友 enjoy doing sth: 喜欢做某事9. be different from 与不同 My brother is different from me. 我弟弟与我不一样。10. help sb to (do) sth:帮助某人做某事常与help sb with sth(在某方面帮助某人)互换 He often helps me (to) learn English.他经常帮助我学习英语。=He often helps me with my English.他经常在英语方面帮助我。help (to) do sth

48、:帮助做某事 He often helps ( to) cook at home.他经常在家帮助做饭。13. be good with sb:与某人相处很好 14. information （n.消息， 信息）不可数名词Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?本单元的话题：谈论事物对比，学习形容词和副词的最高级。本单元的语法：学习形容词和副词的最高级。本单元的短语和知识点：1. welcome to+地点:欢迎来到某地Welcome to our school.欢迎来 我校。2. What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你认为. 怎么样？3. watch sb do sth:看见某人做了某事（=