考博英语高频词汇解析er.docx

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1、考博英语高频词汇解析01former foima（r） adj./n.adj.从前的,前者的;前任的n.模型，样板；起形成作用的人# 一、常用搭配the former （两者中）前者的be a shadow/ghost of your former self 失去昔日的力量（或影响等）；威风不再；不如当年二、例句This beautiful old building has been restored toits former glory.这座美丽的老建筑物已恢复了昔日的壮观。The former option would be much more sensible.前一种选择要明智得多。#

2、三、拓展 这里只有一半的人有薪工作。They have pledged to end racial discrimination in areas such as employment.他们已经保证在诸如就业等方面停止种族歧视。拓展：同：usage, utilization, profession, career, use, pursuitempty empti v./adj./n.v.倒空；腾空；掏空；变空；把移出，把腾出（置 于别处）adj.空的；空洞的；说话不算数的；无诚意的；空虚的；无 意义的；无目的的n.空车；空的东西常用搭配：empty set空集;看来球队后防的空设；翻译 emp

3、ty string空字元串；空串；空字符串；空串行 empty space架空层;排挤层；真空feel empty感到空虚例句:The offices on either side were empty.两边的办公室都是空的。Every night, I empty my heart.每一夜，我掏空自己的灵魂。拓展：同：blank, bare, hollow, vacant派：emptiness空虚；无知emptying排空；倒空3. enclose in klaoz v.v.（用墙、篱笆等）把.围起来；围住；附入；随函（或 包裹等）附上构词：en包围+ clos关闭+ e 四周封闭一包围 例

4、句:Please complete the enclosed application form. 请填好随函所附的申请表。I enclose the two plans for comparison.附上两份计划以供比较。拓展：同：enring, inclose派：enclosed被附上的；与世隔绝的enclosure附件；围墙；围场encloser外壳；罩壳enclosure in klso 30 （r） n.n.圈占地；圈用地；围场；圈地；（信中）附件构词：en包围+ clos关闭+ e 四周封闭一包围 例句:The men walked aimlessly about the enclo

5、sure. 人们无目的地在围场里走着。Please see enclosure for details.详细资料请看附件。拓展：同:attachment派：enclosed被附上的；与世隔绝的enclosure附件；围墙；围场enclose围绕；装入；放入封套4. encourage in kArids v.v.支持；鼓励；激励；鼓动；劝告；怂恿；促进；助长；刺激构词：en使+ courage勇气一使有勇气鼓励 例句:We encourage all students to work at their own pace.我们鼓励学生都按自己的节奏学习。Sunlight encourages t

6、he growth of green plants.阳光促进绿色植物的生长。拓展： 同：inspire, stimulate, power, hand派：encouraging令人鼓舞的；鼓励的，奖励的，鼓励；支持encouraged 受到鼓舞的 encouragement 鼓励7. encyclopedia in isa ikls pi:di9 n.n.百科全书（某一学科的）专科全书；光盘版百科全书构词：en 使+ cyclo二 cycl 圆，环+ ped 教育 +ia - 囊括了所有的知识一百科全书例句：The encyclopedia is available on CD-ROM.百科全

7、书光盘已上市。Here are two-odd volumes of an encyclopedia.这儿有两卷零散的百科全书。拓展：同:cyclopaedia派：encyclopaedic百科全书的；广博的；如百科辞典的 encyclopedism百科全书的知识；广博知识8. end end n./v.n.终止，终结,结局,结尾；末端；尽头；末梢；结束；破 灭v.结束；终止常用搭配：in the end终于，最后at the end最终，最后；在终点by the end of 到.结束时；在.之前from beginning to end 自始至终例句：By the end of the d

8、ay we were tired but happy.一天结束时,我们很累，但很高兴。Labour quickly moved a closure motion to end the debate. 工党很快提出终止辩论的动议。拓展：同:finish, accomplish, close, complete, terminate派：endless无止境的；连续的；环状的；漫无目的的endmost位于最末端的endlessly不断地；无穷尽地endwise竖着；末端向前地; 两端首尾相接；向着两端，末端向前地9. endeavour in deva (r) n./v.n.努力，尽力，企图，试图v

9、.努力，尽力，企图，试图常用搭配：self endeavor自身努力endeavor costs 努力成本aesthetic endeavor 审美追求例句:We made an earnest endeavor to persuade her.我们郑重其事地努力说服她。I shall endeavor to do my duty.我将恪尽本分。拓展：同：effort, pain, struggle, trial, tryending endirj n./v.n.(故事、电影等的)结尾，结局；结束；终结；最后部分； 词尾V.结束；终止常用搭配：A Happy Ending大团圆结局；美满的结局

10、；完满的了局；快乐的结局例句:It was the perfect ending to the perfect day.那是美好一天的圆满结束。His stories usually have a happy ending.他的故事通常有一个美满的结局。拓展：同：conclusion, outcomeendorse in do is v.v.（公开）赞同，支持，认可；（在广告中）宣传，代言（某一产品）；（在支票背面）签名，背书常用搭配 :endorse one s opinions 同意某人的意见endorse in blank 空白背书endorse clause背书条款；保证债票例句:I

11、wholeheartedly endorse his remarks.我真诚地赞同他的话。You risk having your licence endorsed.我将恪尽本分。拓展：同:sign, autograph, endorse派:endorsed批注的;授让的endorsement认可,支持；背书；签注endorser背书人；转让人endorsed支持，赞同;批注10. endow in dao v.v.捐钱，捐赠，资助构词：en使+ dow给予一资助；捐赠常用搭配：be endowed with sth.天生赋有，生来具有（某 种特性、品质等）endow sb./sth. wit

12、h sth,认为具有某种品质;给予;赋 予例句:She was endowed with intelligence and wit.她天资聪颖。She had endowed Marcus with the qualities she wanted him to possess.她认为马库斯具有她所期望的品质。拓展：派：endowment捐赠；捐助；捐款；天资endurance in djo s ra ns n.n.忍耐力；耐久力例句:He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness.他在整个生病期间表现出非凡的忍耐力。This eve

13、nt tests both physical and mental endurance.该比赛项目既是对体力也是对心理承受力的考验。拓展：派：enduring持久的；能忍受的endurable能忍耐的；可忍受的；能持久的enduringly耐久地；永久地endure忍耐；持续enemy enomi n.n.敌人；仇人；反对者；敌国；敌军；敌兵；危害物；大敌 常用搭配 :be your own worst enemy 自讨苦吃； 是自己 问题的根源例句:The city is under enemy control.那座城市现处于敌人的控制之下We are now within range of

14、 enemy fire.我们现在处于敌人的火力射程以内。拓展：同：foe, hostesenergetic iens dsetik adj.adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的；需要能量的；积极的例句:He seemed a dynamic and energetic leader他似乎是一个富有干劲、精力充沛的领导。Her mother was a resourceful and energetic woman.她母亲是一个足智多谋、精力充沛的女人。拓展：同：active, positive, male, live, vigorous派：energetically积极地;精力充沛地energy能量

15、；精力；活力；精神energise供给能量;使精力充沛（等于energize ）11. energy ensdsi n.n.精力；活力；干劲；力量；能源构词：en使+ erg能量，活力；工作+ y表名词-能 量；活力例句:The system produced enough energy to heat several thousand homes.系统产生的能量足以给几千户人家供暖。In the exam there s sure to be a question on energy.考试时准有关于能量的题目。拓展：同：energy, force, power, strength派：ener

16、getic精力充沛的；积极的；有力的enervate衰弱的;无力的energetically积极地；精力充沛地energize活动；用力;激励；使活跃；供给能量 enervate使衰弱；使失去活力energise供给.能量；使 精力充沛（等于energize ）enforce in fois v.v.强制执行，强行实施；强迫；迫使构词：en使+ fore力量;强壮的+ e 一 使有力量地 进行一强行；实行例句:The legislation will be difficult to enforce.这一法规将难以实施。It is their responsibility to ensure t

17、hat the rules are enforced.他们有责任确保制度的执行拓展：同：perform, actualize派：enforceable可实施的；可强行的；可强迫的 enforced实施的;强制执行的enforcement执行，实施;强制engage in geids v.v.吸引住；雇用；聘用；与建立密切关系；尽力理解； 使订婚常用搭配：engage sb. in sth.（使）从事，参加 例句:Even in prison, he continued to engage in criminal activities.他甚至在监狱里还继续从事犯罪活动。Industry lead

18、ers want scientists to engage in同：long-ago, old-time; matrix, model, shape, template 派：formative形成的;造型的；格式化的 formalized形式化的；正式的formless没有形状的；无定形的；形体不明的formally正式地；形式上formerly 以前；原来form形式,形状；形态，外形；方式；表格formative构词要素formalism 形式主义；形式体系formalization形式化；礼 仪化02formulate foimjuleit v.v.制订；规划；构想；准备；确切表达；认真

19、阐述构词:formul a）公式；信条+ ate使.一使形成公 式一公式化#一、常用搭配fundamental research, not applied research.行业领袖希望科学家从事基础性研究，而非应用性研究。拓展： 同:participate, attend, join派：engaged使用中的，忙碌的；保证；约定；同订婚engaging迷人的engagingly 动人地；吸弓I人地engagement婚约;约会;交战；诺言engagement in geidsmont n.n.订婚；订婚期间；约定，约会，预约；战斗；交战例句:Their engagement was anno

20、unced in the local paper.他们订婚的消息已在当地报纸上公布。The terms of engagement are to be agreed in writing.聘用条款应有书面协议。拓展： 同:appointment, date派：engaged使用中的，忙碌的；保证;约定;同订婚engage从事；答应，保证；交战；啮合；吸引，占用；使 参加；雇佣；使订婚engineer lendsiniq(r) n./v.n.工程师；设计师；机修工；技师；技工；轮机手；机械师v.密谋策划；设计制造；改变的基因结构构词：engine发动机+ eer人(专做某种工作或从事某种 职业)

21、一工程师例句:Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department.有几位计算机工程师与财务部门签订了合同。She engineered a further meeting with him.她精心安排又和他见了一面。柘展：派：engine引擎，发动机;机车，火车头；工具engineering工程,工程学formulate a policy/theory/plan/proposal制订政策；创立理论；构想 计戈I；准备建议to formulate规定；制定;制订；构想或 规戈I二、例句The comp

22、ost is specially formulated for pot plants.此混合肥料专门用于盆栽植物。She has lots of good ideas, but she hasdifficulty formulating them.她有很多好的想法，但就是 不善于表达。# 三、拓展同：programme, mark out派：formulaic公式化的；刻板的；套话堆砌的formulary规定的；公式的;药方的formula 数公式，准则；配方；婴儿食品formulation构想，规戈;公式化；简洁陈述formulary公式集；处方一览表；套话formularize使公式 化；

23、以形式表示03forth fo ：0 adv.adv.向前，向某处；自以后；离去；外出一、常用搭配set forth阐明;动身起程;陈述；说明back and forth来来回回;往返地;反反复复put forth提出；发表；启航；(植物等)长出；放出and so forth 等等bring forth 产生；发表come forth出来；涌现;被公布go forth 出发，向前去；发布 from that day/time forth(literary)从那天起;从那时以后二、例句They set forth at dawn.他们在黎明时出发。Huge chimneys belched fo

24、rth smoke and grime.巨大的烟囱冒出烟和灰尘。Water gushed forth from a hole in the rock.水从岩洞里 涌出。# 三、拓展同:to, ahead, along, forwards, front04foundation fau n deijn n.n.基础；地基；基金会；根据；创立 构词：found基础 + ation - 基础；地基一.常用搭配shake/rock the foundations of sth.摇动某物的基础shake/rock sth. to its foundations 从根本上动摇without foundati

25、on毫无事实根据have no foundation 纯属虚构 #二.例句The builders are now beginning to laythe foundations of the new school.建筑工人正开始给新校舍打地基。Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage.尊重和友爰是婚姻的牢固基础。The rumor is totally without foundation.这谣传毫无事实根据。These stories have no foundation.这些故事纯属虚构。The mone

26、y will go to the San FranciscoAIDS Foundation.这笔钱将交给旧金山艾滋病基金会。The organization has grown enormously since its foundation in 1955.该组织自1955年创建以来已有重大的发展。This issue has shaken the foundations of French politics.这个问题从根本上动摇了法国的政治。# 三、拓展同:elements, basis, bed, seed, radical派：founder创始人；建立者；翻沙工；失败；沉没；倒塌；变跛；

27、破坏；使摔倒；垮掉found找至I；创立，建立;创办05frame freim n./v.n.框架；结构；眼镜框；电影画面V,给（图画或照片） 配框；设计；建造；陷害；使适合；制订；拟订；有成功 希望一、常用搭配be in/out of the frame 参力口 ；不参力口二、例句We won our match, so wez re still in the frame for the championship.我们赢了比赛，所以仍可参加锦标赛。In this course we hope to look at literature inthe frame of its social an

28、d historical context.在本课程中，我们希望从社会和历史背景的整体结构来看文学。The frame is made of steel.这个架子是钢制的。The secret of the machine lies in the aerodynamic shape of the frame.该机器的精妙之处在于其构架呈流线 型。# 三、拓展同 iconfiguration, mechanics, texture, structure; design, construct, engineer, style, project派：framed遭到陷害的；有构架的framing框架；设

29、计；取景；组帧framer组成者；筹划者低频词1. employ im plo i v./n.v.雇用；应用；运用；使用n.雇用，受雇；服务；工作，职业构词：em使.+ ploy用一使用一雇用常用搭配:be employed in doing sth.从事于，忙于（做 某事）in the employ of sb.替某人工作；为某人所雇用例句:With this end in view they employed 50 new staff.为了达到这个目标他们雇用了 50名新职员。r m his mother and V m steadily employed.我是他妈妈，而且我有稳定的工作。

30、拓展：同：hireemployment im plo imant n.n.工作；职业；受雇；就业；雇用构词：em使.+ ploy用一使用一雇用常用搭配：full employment充分就业；整日制工作;全职工作；全面就业employment contract雇佣合约；雇佣合同；就业合同；劳 动合同employment record工作经历;雇佣记录;工作履历；工 作经验employment contract雇佣合约；雇佣合同；就业合同；劳 动合同employment rate就业率；雇用率；人力资源新进率employment pressure 就业压力employment service 就业服务flexible employment 弹性就业employment policy 就业政策例句:Only half the people here are in paid employment.