河南省安阳市2022-2023学年高三一模英语试题Word版含解析.docx

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1、2023届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语考生注意：1 .答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴 在答题卡上的指定位置。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试 卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分75分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给

2、的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt?A. 19. 15. B.9.18. C. 9. 15.答案是C。1. When does the bookstore close?A. At six. B. At seven. C. At eight.2. What are the two speakers talking about?A. Bubble Bees. B. Their favorite restaurant. C. Tonight, s dinner.3.

3、 Where is the man * s company?A. In Manchester. B. In London. C. In Birmingham.4. Who is probably in charge of the meeting?A. David. B. Mr, White. C. The woman.5. Why cant the two speakers go into the main hall?A 11 has not been decorated.B. The paintings are being prepared.C. The flooring was damag

4、ed.data. They then demand a payment before they will free the system. Ransomware is a collective problem, and solving it will require joint action from companies, the U.S. government and international partners.In 2020 the Federal Bureau of Investigation received more than 2,400 reports of ransomware

5、 attacks, which cost victims at least $29 million. The numbers underestimate the total impact of ransomware because not all organizations are willing to report it when they fall victim to this kind of crime. Even these limited statistics, however, show the increasing fearlessness of ransomware attac

6、kers: the number of attacks in 2020 increased by 20 percent compared with that of the previous year, and the amount of money paid out more than tripled.As long as victims keep paying, attackers will keep profiting from this type of attack. But cybersecurity experts are divided on whether the governm

7、ent should prohibit the paying of ransoms. Such a ban would discourage attackers, but it would also place some organizations in a moral dilemma. For, say, a hospital, unlocking the computer systems as quickly as possible could be a matter of life and death for patients, and the fastest option may be

8、 to pay up.Other solutions are more straightforward and involve pushing organizations to protect themselves better. Cybersecurity defenses make it harder for attackers to access systems. Segmenting （分割）ones network means that breaking through to one part of the system does not make all data immediat

9、ely available. And regular backups allow a company to fimetion even if its original data are encrypted.All these measures, however, require resources that not all organizations have access to. Meanwhile, ransomware people arc adopting increasingly advanced techniques. Some work for weeks to gain ent

10、ry to a companys network and then enter their system, finding the most vital data to hold hostage （人质）.Some groups deliberately compromise an organization data backups.Others sell instructions and software to help other attackers launch their own attacks. As a result, security personnel must engage

11、in a constant game of cat and mouse.12. What do the numbers listed in paragraph 2 mainly tell us?A. The amount of money that companies paid.B. The serious situations about the ransomware attack.C. The companies that have been attacked by ransomware.D. The profit that attackers got from ransomware.13

12、. What is the attitude of cybersecurity experts to prohibiting the paying of ransoms?A. Favorable.B. Uncaring.C. Mixed.D. Opposed.14. What can wc know from paragraph 4?A. How attackers enter a targets computer system.B. Why we should pay more attention to cybersecurity.C. Which kind of computer syst

13、em is easy to attack.D. What wc can do to deal with ransomware attacks.15. What docs the last sentence in the text imply?A. There is still a long way to go about cybersecurity.B. There will be a quick solution to ransomware attacks.C. Ransomware makes our computer systems advanced.D. Cybersecurity w

14、ill become the most wonying problem of the US.【答案】12.B13. C 14. D 15. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是勒索软件带来的威胁，应对的办法。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的 “ In 2020 the Federal Bureau of Investigation received more than 2,400 reports of ransomware attacks, which cost victims at least S29 million.（2020 年，美国联邦调杳局收到了 2400 多份勒索软

15、 件攻击报告，受害者至少损失了 2900 万美元。）和Even these limited statistics, however, show the increasing fearlessness of ransomware attackers: the number of attacks in 2020 increased by 20 percent compared with that of the previous year, and the amount of money paid out more than tripled.（然而，即使是这些有限的统计数据 也显 示出勒索软件攻击者

16、越来越无所畏惧：与前年相比，2020年的攻击次数增加了 20%,支付的金额增加了 两倍多。）”可知，第二段中列出的数字主要告诉我们勒索软件攻击的严重情况。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的 “ But cybersecurity experts are divided on whether the goveniment should prohibit the paying of ransoms.（但网络安全专家在政府是否应该禁止支付赎金的问题上存在分歧。）“可知，网络安全 专家对禁止支付赎金的态度是既有支持，也有反对，也就是混合的，故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的 “

17、 Other solutions arc more straightforward and involve pushing organizations to protect themselves better. Cybersecurity defenses make it harder for attackers to access systems. Segmenting （分割） ones network means that breaking through to one part of the system does not make all data immediately avail

18、able. And regular backups allow a company to function even if its original data are encrypted.（其他的解决方案更直接, 包括推动组织更好地保护自己。网络安全防御使攻击者更难访问系统。分割一个人的网络意味着突破到系 统的一部分并不能立即获得所有数据。定期备份可以让公司在原始数据被加密的情况下正常运作。）”可知， 从第4段我们可以知道我们如何应对勒索软件攻击。故选Do【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “As a result, security personnel must engage in a

19、 constant game of cat and mousc.（因此，安全人员必须不断地进行猫捉老鼠的游戏。）”可知，文章的最后一句话暗示了在网络安全方 面还有很长的路要走。故选A。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 选项中有两项为多余选项。Need to take a screenshot （截屏）on your Windows PC? 16, there are several quick and easy ways totake screenshots in Windows 10, Windows

20、 11, and Windows 8. This article will teach you how to use keyboard shortcuts and the built-in Snipping Tool app to screen capture （捕获）any area of your Windows desktop.1. 17 Before you can take a screenshot, make sure that the screen which you want to screenshot isup with no distractions （c.g. open

21、windows or programs）.2. Find the “Print Screeif key on your keyboard. The Print Screen key is most often found in the upper-right side of the main keyboard, and it usually has “SysReq“（“System Requiremenls） wrillen below it. 18.3. Press the Win key and the Print Screen key at the same time. Doing so

22、 will take a screenshot of the current screen; in most cases, youll see the screen dim （变暗）briefly. Your screen wont dim if your computer has certain display settings disabled. This is most common on old computers which you upgraded to Windows 10.9try pressing Ctrl+Win+Print Screen or Fn+Win+Print S

23、creen.4. Find the screenshot. Youll find the screenshot inside of the “Screenshots fbldcr （文件夹）,which is inside of your computers Pictures“ folder. 2（）. For example, the first screenshot you take will be markedt4Screenshot（ 1 y etc.A. Go to the screen that you want to screenshotIf your screenshot do

24、esnt appear when you look for itB. This perfect program can be fixed in all Windows computersWhether you want to make a full screenshot or just one window or areaC. The Print Screen key will usually be printed as “PrtSc” or something similarThe recommended way fbr screenshots is PNG, due to the high

25、 quality and small file sizeD. Each screenshot that you take will be marked “Screenshot （number）“ lo correspond with the order in which the screenshot was taken.【答案】16. D【解析】17. A18. E19. B 20. G【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何使用键盘快捷键和内置的剪贴工具应用程序来屏幕捕捉 Windows桌面的任何区域。【16题详解】根据 I：文“Need to take a screenshot （截屏）o

26、n your Windows PC?（需要在 Windows 电脑上截屏?）” 和下文 u there are several quick and easy ways to take screenshots in Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows 8（在Windows 10、Windows 11和Windows 8中，有儿种快速简单的截图方法）”并结合根据常识可知，在电脑上 截屏可以是截全屏和截部分区域，无论哪种，都是有办法的，D选项“Whether you want to make a full screenshot or just one window

27、 or area（无论您是想要完整的截图，还是只是一个窗口或区域）”说明了无论是截 全屏还是截部分区域，都有很多方法，因此D选项承上启下，符合语境，故选D。【17题详解】空后 “ Before you can take a screenshot, make sure that the screen which you want to screenshot is up with no distractions （c.g. open windows or programs）.（在你可以截屏之前，确保你要截屏的屏幕没有干扰（例如打开的 窗口或程序）”说明要截屏,首先要先到要截屏的页面,A选项MGo

28、to the screen that you want to screenshot（进入要截屏的屏幕）”说明了要先到要截屏的那一页，故选A。【18题详解】根据上文 “The Print Screen key is most often found in the upper-right side of the main keyboard, and it usually has “SysReq” （System Requirements） written below it.（打印屏幕键通常在主键盘的右上角，它通常有“SysRcq”（ “系统要求”）写在它下面）”可知，空格处应该说Print Scr

29、een键在键盘上是什么样的,E选 项 “The Print Screen key will usually be printed as “PrtSc” or something similar（打印屏幕键通常印为 “PrtSc” 或类似的东西）”说明了 Print Screen键的键盘上的样子，因此E选项承接上文，符合语境，故选E。【19题详解】空后“try pressing Ctrl+Win+Print Screen or Fn+Win+Print Screen（尝试按 Ctrl+Win+Print Screen 或 Fn+Win+Print Screen）,是一个祈使句，由此推知，空格处应

30、该说“如果出现某种状况”，观察选项可知， 只有B选项If your screenshot doesnt appear when you look fbr it（当你寻找你的截图它没有出现时）”与后文 衔接自然，故选B。【20题详解】空前说 “Youll find the screenshot inside of the “Screenshots fblder （文件夹），which is inside of your computers “Pictures” folded你会在“截图”文件夹中找到截图，该文件夹位于你电脑的“图片”文件夹中。）”，空后 说For example, the fir

31、st screenshot you take will be marked 4Screenshot（ 1 y etc.（例如,您截取的第一张截图 将被标记为“截图（1）”等。），因此空格处应该说截取的图片会用什么办法标记，G选项“Each screenshot that you take will be marked Screenshot （number）, to correspond with the order in which the screenshot was taken.（您所截取的每张截图都将被标记为“截图（编号）”，以对应截图的顺序。）”说明了截图被标记的 方法，承上启下，符合

32、语境，故选G。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Not long ago, I was at a grocery store, and an elderly man in front of me was using a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program card-what we used to call food stamps. The card reader kept 2

33、1 his payment. Hed apparently gone over his 22 fbr the month. He was confused about how it?d happened and more than a little 23 about the situation.While I was trying to decide if the man would be displeased or 24 if I offered to step in and pay the 25, the young cashier said, “Sir, this happens all

34、 the time. Its not a problem. I promise we can26 a solution together/*The line behind us was growing long, but the cashier didnt show any 27 or anger. He 28 the man was over his limit for the month but wasnt over by much, so he helped the customer 29 which things he could make do without until his 3

35、0 was refilled. It was 31 that the cashier had done this before. He told his old customer once again that this was a common 32 and not a problem at all. The man left with his dignity 33. He would 34 have a sense of loyalty （忠诚）to that groccry-storcchain.When it was my turn, I 35 the cashiers name on

36、 his nametag. And when I got home, I sent an email to the manager of the store to 36 the employee fbr his kindness and customer service. I got a reply with thanks from the manager, letting me know that my remarks would be 37 in the employees file and noted each time he was up fbr a 38.While his act

37、of kindness had a positive influence on the life of someone who was 39 that day, I hope my act of kindness 40 had a positive effect on that cashier,s carccr-and possibly his paycheck.21. A. delayingB. searchingC. rejectingD. repeating22. A. limitB. demandC. expectationD. requirement23. A. regretfulB

38、. angryC. frightenedD. embarrassed24. A. proudB. gratefulC. curiousD. peaceful25. A. rentB. fineC. agreementD. difference26. A. figure outB.end upC. rely onD. bring in【解析】27. A. stressB. worryC. impatienceD. disbelief28. A. warnedB. confirmedC. acknowledgedD. reflected29. A. shareB. deliverC. rememb

39、erD. determine30. A. accountB. blankC. chequeD. pocket31. A. naturalB. importantC. obviousD. normal32. A. explanationB. occurrenceC. mistakeD. dilemma33. A. undamagedB. discoveredC. increasedD. overlooked34. A. unwillinglyB. coincidentallyC. luckilyD. undoubtedly35. A. reviewedB. noticedC. comparedD

40、. wrote36. A. recommendB. forgiveC. praiseD.choose37. A. includedB. foldedC. measuredD. needed38. A. regulationB. negotiationC. celebrationD. promotion39 A. defending *B. strugglingC. competingD. stan ing40. A. at firstB. at onceC. at leastD. at most【答案】2LC 22. A23.D 24.B25. D 26. A 27. C28. B 29. D

41、 3(). A 31C 32. B 33. A34. D 35. B36. C 37. A 38. D39. B 40. C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是作者在一家连锁杂货店购物时目睹一名年轻的收银员对一位食物 券余额不足的老年顾客的热心服务，回家后作者给该连锁杂货店的经理发了一封电子邮件，盛赞该收银员， 希望此举也能对给他人生活产生积极影响的年轻收银员的职业生涯也带来积极的影响。21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：读卡器一直拒绝他的支付。A. delaying推迟；B. searching搜索：C. rejecting拒 绝：D. repeating 重复。根据下文“the man w

42、as over his limit for the month but wasnt over by much” 可知,读 卡器一直拒绝他的支付。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他显然已经超出了这个月的限额。A. limit限度，限制；B. demand要求；C.expectation 期待；D. requirement 要求。根据下文“ the man was over his limit for the month but wasnt over by much”可知，他显然已经超出了这个月的限额，空格处意为“限度，限制”。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对事情

43、是怎么发生的感到困惑，对这种情况感到非常尴尬。A. regretful后 悔的；B. angry 生气的；C. frightened 害怕的；D. embarrassed 尴尬的。根据上文 “The card reader kept_1_his payment”可知，他对这种情况感到尴尬。故选D。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我试着判断如果我主动帮他补差价，他会不高兴还是感激时，年轻的收银 员说：“先生，这种事经常发生。这不是问题。我保证我们能一起想出解决办法。 A. proud骄傲的；B. grateful 感激的；C. curious好奇的;D. peaceful平静的。根据上

44、文udispleased orn和第13空前的“his dignity”可 知，句子表示“当我试着判断如果我主动帮他补差价，他会不高兴还是感激时”。故选【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我试着判断如果我主动帮他补差额，他会不高兴还是感激时，年轻的收银员 说：“先生，这种事经常发生。这不是问题。我保证我们能一起想出解决办法。 A. rent租金：B. fine罚 款；C. agreement 同意：D. difference 差额。根据下文 44 the man was over his limit for the month but wasnt over by much”可知，事物券和购

45、买的东西的价格之间存在差额。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我试着判断如果我主动帮他补差额，他会不高兴还是感激时，年轻的收银员 说：“先生，这种事经常发生。这不是问题。我保证我们能一起想出解决办法。 A. figure out想出；B. end up结束;C.relyon依靠;D.bringin引进。根据下文a solution”可知,此处表示想出一个解决办法。故 选Ao【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们身后的队伍越来越长了，但是收银员没有表现出任何不耐烦或生气的样子。A. stress 压力;B. worry 担心;C. impatience 不耐烦;D. disbe

46、lief 不相信。根据上文The line behind us was growing long, but the cashier didift show可知，我们身后的队伍越来越长了，但是收银员没有表现出任何不 耐烦或生气的样子。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他确认这名男子已经超出了当月的限额，但并没有超出太多，所以他帮助这名 顾客确定在他的账户重新充值之前，他可以不买什么东西。A. warned警告；B. confirmed确认；C.acknowledged 承认；D. reflected 反映。根据 F文 “the man was over his limit for t

47、he month but wasnt over by much”可知，他确认这名男子已经超出了当月的限额。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他确认这名男子已经超出了当月的限额，但并没有超出太多，所以他帮助这名 顾客确定在他的账户重新充值之前，他可以不买什么东西。A. share分享；B. deliver递送；C. remember记 得；D. determine确定，决定。根据下文“which things he could make do without”可知，他帮助这名顾客确 定在他的账户重新充值之前，他可以不买什么东西。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他确认这名

48、男子已经超出了当月的限额，但并没有超出太多，所以他帮助这名 顾客确定在他的账户重新充值之前，他可以不买什么东西。A. account账户；B. blank空白；C. cheque支票： D. pocket 口袋。根据上文“the man was over his limit for Ihe month”可知，这名顾客的账户需要重新充值。 故选A。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显这位收银员以前做过这种事。A. natural自然的；B. important重要的： C. obvious明显的；D. normal正常的。根据下文“that the cashier had done this before可知，很明显这位收 银员以前做过这种事。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他再一次告诉老客户，这是经常发生的事情，根本不是问题。A. explanation解 释；B. occurrence 发生的事；C. mistake 错误；D. dilemma 两难的境地。根据下文 44not a problem