2020-2021学年广东省中山市高二上学期期末考试英语试题.docx

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1、广东省中山市2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题一、阅读选择How is it that the United States spends the most money on healthcare, and yet still has the one of the lowest life expectancies (下页期寿命)of all T.H.loped nations? To find it out, researchers from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health looked at the great infl

2、uence of healthy habits on life expectancy, using data on a huge number of people over a very long period of time.What is a healthy lifestyle, exactly?1. Healthy diet, which was calculated and rated based on the reported intake of healthy foods like vegetables, fruits, nuts, whole grains, healthy fa

3、ts, and omega-3 fatty acids.2. Healthy physical activity level, which was measured as at least 30 minutes per day of activity3. Healthy body weight defined as a normal body mass index (BMI)(身体质量指数)which is between 18.5 and 24.9.4. Smoking, well, there is no healthy amount of smoking. Healthy“ here m

4、eant never having smoked.Does a healthy lifestyle make a difference?Absolutely yes. According to this analysis, people who had all the four habits enjoyed impressively longer lives than those who had none: 14 years for women and 12 years for men (if they had these habits at age 50) . Just one hea.ju

5、stone.it (and it didnt matter which one) .just one. increased life expectancy by two years in men and women. Not suiprisingly, the more healthy habits people had, the longer their life.So whats our (big) problem?As the researchers point out, in the US we tend to spend more on developing fancy drugs

6、and other treatments for diseases, rather than on trying to prevent them. This is a big problem.Experts have suggested that the best way to help people make healthy diet and lifestyle change is through public health efforts and policy changes.1. How did researchers study the influence of healthy hab

7、its on life expectancy?A. By analysing data.B , By raising questions.C. By exchanging informationD. By comparing developed countries.2. Which person might have a healthy lifestyle according to the passage?A. A translator who exercises 2 hours a week.B. A librarian who smokes, but not heavily.C. A st

8、eward who drinks wine every day.D. A shop assistant whose BMI is 19.5.3. What is the big problem in the US according to the researchers?A. Changing laws related to lifestyle.B. Reducing money on treating patients.C. Staying focused on drug development.D. Spending much on disease prevention.【答案】A1. D

9、C【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了什么是健康的生活方式及其对人的寿命的影响，并且提出帮助人们改变健康饮 食和生活方式的最佳方式是通过公共卫生努力和政策的改变。1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“To find it out, researchers .looked at the great influence of healthy habits on life expectancy, using data on a huge number of people over a very long period of time. ”可知, 研究人员通过分 析大量的数据来研究健康习惯对寿命的影响。故选

10、A。2. 细节理解题。根据“What is a healthy lifestyle, exactly?部分中Healthy body weight defined as a normal body mass index (BMI) which is between 18.5 and 24.9.(健康的体重被定义为一个正常的身体质量指数(BMI)在 18.5和24.9之间。)可知，BMI是19.5的售货员是健康的。故选D。犹豫；C. regret 遗憾，后悔；D. apologize 道歉。根据下一句They worry about what would happen if something

11、went wrong and it was their fault”（他们担心有未可知的意外状况，担心有不测并且被认定是他们的错误导 致的）可知，当人们真的面临要下场去做急救的情况时，会犹犹豫豫，担心这些情况，B符合语境，escape 在这里不合适，因为其一般指灾难逃生，逃离危险或者罪犯逃亡等等情形，因而A是干扰项，综上，故选 Bo39.考查副词词义辨析。句意：但事实上他们要用另一种方式思考如果有人需要帮助但没人来做急救，很 有可能会出问题。A. strangely奇怪地；B. secretly秘密地；C.luckily幸运地；D. actually事实上地，确实。 综合语境，这里使用“事实上

12、”来修饰下文的“要用另一种方式思考”，自然、得当，故选D。40.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但事实上他们要用另一种方式思考如果有人需要帮助但没人来做急救， 更有可能会出问题。A. unusual不寻常的;B. important重要的;C.likely可能的；D. scientific科学的。结 合句意可知，此处是指在需要急救的情况下，人们因为担心出事而不进行急救更有可能造成问题，it is likely that可能故选C。四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Recently, the New Zealand government ann

13、ounced that it would try to get rid of every single mouse in the country by 2050. This isnt just to make the streets a cleaner place; these4L(mouse)are destroying the countrys native species.New Zealand is42. ancient island that was home to many different species of wildlife long before humans arriv

14、ed. Its thought that when people first43. (travel) to the island on ships to live there many hundreds of years ago, they brought the mouse along with44. (they) by mistake.In a country with few predators(捕食者)，45. (introduce)this species was a disaster. Over 40 types of birds ended up becoming extinct

15、 after these pests ate their eggs and disturbed their46. (nature) habitats. One of the few species of flightless birds that still remain is the kiwi, 47. is native to New Zealand and is a symbol (象征) of the country. Its believed that around 20 of them48. (kill) by these pests every week.49,(drive) c

16、razy by the severe situation, the government will set thousands of traps and even spray (喷 1西)poison across some areas using helicopters. Scientists are also working on using a gene-editing tool to find a way to stop the pests50. reproducing, although some worry this could have unwanted effects.【答案】

17、41. mice42. an43. traveled/travelled44. them45. . introducing46. natural47. which48. are killed49. Driven50. from【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。最近，新西兰政府宣布将在2050年前消灭该国所有的老鼠。文章介绍了老鼠的来 源、带来的灾难以及新西兰政府所采取的措施。41.考查名词复数。句意：这不仅仅是为了让街道变得更干净；这些老鼠正在破坏这个国家的本土物种。指示 代词these修饰可数名词复数，所给词mouse的复数形式是mice。故填mice。42.考查不定冠词。句意：新西兰是一个古老的

18、岛屿，在人类到来之前很久，这里曾是许多不同种类野生动物 的家园。此处泛指“一个”古老的岛，且ancient是以元音音素开头的词，用不定冠词an。故填an。43.考查一般过去时。句意：人们认为，儿百年前，当人们第一次乘船到岛上居住时，他们误把老鼠带在身边。根据时间状语many hundreds of years ago可知句子用一般过去时。故填traveled/travelledo44.考查人称代词宾格。句意：人们认为，几百年前，当人们第一次乘船到岛上居住时，他们误把老鼠带在身 边。固定短语：along with的意思是“连同一起”，介词后面用代词宾格作宾语。故填them。45.考查动名词。句意

19、：在一个掠食者很少的国家，引入这个物种是一场灾难。该句缺少主语，所给词introduce 是动词，这里用动名词作主语。故填introducing。46.考查形容词。句意：超过40种鸟类因为这些害虫吃了它们的蛋，破坏了它们的自然栖息地而灭绝。句中 habitats是名词，由形容词修饰，所给词nature是名词，其形容词是natural。故填natural。47.考查定语从句。句意：几维鸟是为数不多的不会飞的鸟类之一，它是新西兰的本土物种，是这个国家的象 征。此处the kiwi是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，且that不能引导非限制性定语 从句。故填which。48.考查一般现

20、在时的被动语态。句意：据信，每周大约有20只儿维鸟被这些害虫杀死。that引导的主语从句 中20 of them是从句主语，复数形式，和谓语动词kill之间是被动关系，再根据时间状语every week,可 知此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are killed。49.考查过去分词。句意：在严峻的形势下，政府会设置数千个陷阱，甚至用直升机在一些地区喷洒毒药。此 处句子主语the government和drive之间是被动关系，用过去分词作原因状语。故填Driveno50.考查介词。句意：科学家们还在研究使用基因编辑工具来找到阻止害虫繁殖的方法，尽管一些人担心这可 能会产生不利影响。固定搭配：s

21、top sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事。故填from。五、选用适当得单词或短语补全句子根据所给10个英语单句的意思，从所给的15个词汇中挑选出10个合适的词或短语分别给每个句子填空。challengeblamejournalistpreviousbroke awayvitalrefreshfaithdesperateahead ofglancerecycledflexiblealongsidein particular51. John Snow wanted to face the and solve this problem.52. However, the sou

22、thern part of Ireland was unwilling and to form its own government.53. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is.54. Suppose you were to be a for China Daily, do you know what kinds of jobs they have?55. If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is to get the victim to the

23、doctor or hospitalat once.56. Art is influenced by the customs and of a people.57. Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry-Tang poems from China?58. If you feel, you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you, like nicotine chewing gum.59.

24、 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard, as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and your spirit when you look at them.60. I have the greatest job in the world. I travel to unusual places and work people from all overthe world.【答案】51. challenge52. broke away53. recycled54. journalist55. v

25、ital56. faith57. in particular58. desperate59. refresh60. alongside【分析】51.考查名词。句意：约翰斯诺想要面对挑战，解决这个问题。分析句子可知，设空处为动词face的宾语， 应用名词，根据后面的解决这个问题，可推知设空处为“challenge”，意为“挑战”，故填challenge。52.考查动词短语和时态。句意：然而，爱尔兰南部不愿意这样做，并脱离爱尔兰，成立了自己的政府。分析 句子可知，设空处为谓语，前半句为一般过去时，后半句也应为一般过去时，根据上下文语境，可知应是 脱离爱尔兰，可推测设空处为“broke away,意

26、为“脱离”，故填broke away。53.考查语态。句意：没有任何东西被浪费，所有的东西，甚至塑料袋，都被回收利用。分析句子可知，设空 处为谓语的一部分，主语和谓语之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，根据句意可知为“recycled”，意为“回收”, 故填 recycled o54.考查名词。句意：假设你要成为中国日报的记者，你知道他们的工作是什么吗?分析句子可知设空处 前有a修饰，应是可数名词单数，根据句意可知是“journalist”，意为“记者”，故填journalist。55.考查形容词。句意：如果是二度或三度烧伤，立即将受害者送去看医生或送往医院是至关重要的。分析句 子可知，设空处接在b

27、e动词之后作表语，应用形容词，根据句意可知是“vital”,意为至关重要的”，故填 vital o56.考查名词。句意：艺术被一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。分析句子可知，设空处同customs共同作介词by 的宾语，应用名词形式，根据句意可知是“faith”，意为“信仰，故填faith。57.考查固定短语。句意：你知道说英语的人也喜欢其他形式的亚洲诗歌，尤其是中国的唐诗吗？分析句子可 知，设空处修饰动词作状语，根据句意可知为“in particular”，意为“尤其，特别、故填in particular。58.考查形容词。句意：如果你感到绝望，你可能会想和医生或药剂师谈谈对你有帮助的东西，比如尼古

28、丁口 香糖。分析句子可知，设空处接在系动词feel后作表语，用形容词，根据句意可知是“desperate,意为绝 望的“，故填desperateo59.考查动词。句意：在你的花园或校园种树，因为它们可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳，当你看到它们的时候， 可以让你精神振奋。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语，根据句子语境，可知为一般现在时: 根据句意可知是 refresh,意为“使振作“，故填refresh。60.考查介词。句意：我有世界上最棒的工作。我去不寻常的地方旅行，和来自世界各地的人一起工作。分析 句子可知，设空处为介词,意为“和.一起”，根据句意可知为“alongside”,故填alongside。六

29、、提纲类作文61. 你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以“What will life be like in 2050”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括:1 .预想中2050年的生活、工作、学习和交通方式；2 .个人期待。注意：L写作词数应为100左右；3 .短文题目和首句已为你写好。What Will Life Be Like In 2050Life in the year 2050 will be greatly changed,【答案】What Will Life Be Like In 2050Life in the year 2050 will be greatly changed, and

30、I believe our life will be quite different from today.First of all, in 2050, with the help of people all over the world, we will enjoy a better life. The sky will be bluer, the air will be fresher, and the water will be cleaner. Due to more trees and flowers around us, we will live a low-carbon life

31、.Secondly, the roads will be wider and there will be less traffic jam on the street. Cars will be designed more complicatedly and run faster. Maybe we will take a quick airplane to everywhere we want to go in a short time. I cant wait to try this kind of life.Thirdly, students will not need to go to

32、 school. They will learn all the subjects on the computer by themselves instead. Besides, they wont do a lot of homework. They will have plenty of spare time to do whatever they really like.Finally,?computers will be more widely used, so people will work at home to deal with their tasks. Of course,

33、robots will make our life easier and more convenient. We will not need to do anything boring or dangerous.All in all, I cant imagine how wonderful life will be. I hope life in 2050 will be more convenient and more colorful. I look forward to it.【分析】本篇书面表达属于记叙文。要求考生以“What will life be like in 2050”为题

34、，写一篇短文参加校英语作文比 赛。【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：记叙文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般将来时，少量一般现在时。 结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 耍求：1. 预想中2050年的生活、工作、学习和交通方式；.个人期待。第二步：列提纲（重点词组）be different from; with the help of; all over the world; due to; live a low-carbon life; traffic jam; in a short time; cant wait to; need to do sth

35、.; plenty of; at home; look forward to.第三步：连词成句First of all, in 2050, with the help of people all over the world, we will enjoy a better life.Due to more trees and flowers around us, we will live a low-carbon life.Maybe we will take a quick airplane to everywhere we want to go in a short time.根据提示及关

36、键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）表文章结构顺序:First of all, Secondly, Thirdly, Finally表并列补充关系：And, Besides表因果关系:So, Due to连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型 1 The sky will be bluer, the air will be fresher, and the water will be cleaner.使用比较级，表达非常 警。高分句型 2 They will have plenty of spare ti

37、me to do whatever they really like.使用 whatever 弓| 导让步状语从 句，表达非常高级。高分句型3 All in all, I can、imagine how wonderful life will be.使用how引导的感叹句，表达非常高级。2. 细节理解题。根据文章最后段中“in the US we tend to spend more on developing fancy drugs and other treatments for diseases, rather than on trying to prevent them. This i

38、s a big problem.”可知， 研究人员认为，在 美国的一个大问题是把更多的钱花在开发高级药物和其他治疗疾病的方法上，而不是花在预防疾病上。故 选C。While coffee is the morning drink for many Americans, many Brits prefer to go for a cup of tea. You won*t often see us carrying white cups of coffee across the street during rush hour. Instead, we drink tea at home, a tr

39、adition that starts the day properly. In my home and many other homes in the UK, the first person to wake up has to make the cups of tea for the family.Tea has become part of our culture and one of popular stereotypes about British people is that they often have afternoon tea with sandwiches and cak

40、es. In reality, tea is a drink British people can have any time of the day to help them wake up, warm up, or relax.When I first came to China and ordered tea, I was in for a big surprise and was introduced to a whole new world of tea. In the UK, it is common to drink black tea, which is imported fro

41、m Africa, India, and Sri Lanka. It is very strong and bitter, a taste which British people dont often enjoy, so people often add milk and sugar to create a sweeter, less strong flavor.In China, however, there are wider ranges of tea available and each is enjoyed without adding anything. There is no

42、tea bag, and certainly no milk or sugar, in these beverages （饮料）And people love it. However, for someone who is used to tea being sweet, it takes some time to get used to tea without sugar and milk.While black tea is still the most popular, green tea has been getting more popular in the UK because p

43、eople are becoming more aware （意识至U的）of its health benefits. But the tradition of the tea bag is still goingits harder for us to have loose tea leaves than to give up sugar and milk when drinking green tea.3. What do many British people prefer to do in the morning?A. Drink coffee at home.B. Get up e

44、arly to make tea.C. Drink tea with sugar and milk.D. Rush to work with a cup of coffeeThe underlined word stereotypes” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A. fixed ideasB. strong feelingsC. deep concernsD. common mistakes4. What surprised her when the author first came to China?A. The strong and

45、 bitter taste of Chinese tea.B The varieties of tea and ways of drinking it.C. The fact that few Chinese people drink black tea.D. The fact that no sugar is available in some places.5. What can be learned from the last paragraph?A. Its better to drink loose tea leaves.6. More and more people are giv

46、ing up sugar.7. Its hard to keep the tradition of the tea bag.8. More and more Brits are drinking green tea.【答案】B4. AB5. D 【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了英国的茶文化和喝茶方式。4.细节理解题。根据第二段中“In my home and many other homes in the UK, the first person to wake up has to make the cups of tea for the family.”可知，在英国的许多家庭，喜欢早晨起来泡

47、茶。故选B。5. 词义猜测题。划线词后面的表语从句.that they often have afternoon tea”是解释说明划线词stereotype； 人们认为英国人常喝下午茶；下文“tea is a drink British people can have any time of the day. 说明实际上英 国人在一天任何时间都喝茶；in reality表示进一步解释。由此可以推断，”认为英国人常喝下午茶”是一种 固定的看法。故选A。6. 细节理解题。根据第三段首句When I first came to China and ordered tea, I was in fbr

48、 a big surprise and was introduced to a whole new world of tea.（当我第一次来到中国点茶时，我大吃一，原，并被带到了了一个全新 的茶的世界。）”和第四段首句In China, however, there are wider ranges of tea available and each is enjoyed without adding anything.（然而，在中国，茶的种类更多，每一种都不需要添加任何东西。）”可知，当作者 第一次来中国时，让她感到惊讶的是茶的种类繁多和不添加任何东西的喝茶方式。故选B。7. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“While black tea is still the most popular, green tea has been getting more popular in the UK because people are becoming mo