高中英语语法专题11被动语态教案(含解析)新人教版必修1.docx
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1、卜一、被动语态1被动语态的构成形式1 .被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为 例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:(1) am/is/are + done (过去分词)一般现在时has /have been done 现在完成时(2) am/is /are being done 现在进行时was/were done 一般过去时(3) had been done过去完成时was/were being done 过去进行时(4) shall/will be done 一般将来时should/would be done 过去
2、将来时(5) shal l/wi 11 have been done 将来完成时(少用)should/would have been done 过去将来完成时(少用)2 .被动语态的特殊结构形式带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。如:The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍 然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。如:His mother gave him a present for his birthday
3、.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。例:Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, not ice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语 补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
4、如:Someone saw a stranger walk into the bui Iding.可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把 它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例:The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3 .非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。例:I dont like being laughed at in t
5、he public.2如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1 .讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语)。如:My bike was stolen last night.2 .借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。如:I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3 .为了更好地安排句子。例:The we 11 known person got on the bus and was immediately recognze
6、d by people.(一个主语就 够了)3It is said Ihat从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用 于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+t。do sth. 的有:It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is believed that 大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望It is wel 1 I known that 众所周知It is though
7、t that 大家认为It is suggested that 据建议如:It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam.4 谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1-英语中有很多动词如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash 等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。如:This kind of cloth w
8、ashes well.注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较:The door won* t lock.(指门本身有毛病)The door won* t be locked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)2 .表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。如:How do the newspapers come out?
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