英语新设计外研版必修五讲义Module1SectionⅠ.docx

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1、Module 1 British and American English背景幌解BritishEnglish!/SAmericanEnqlish 11 I美国和英国这两个国家都使用英语，但是在过去的三百年里，由于政治、经济和文化的原因，美式英 语和英式英语都发生了很大变化。那它们之间有什么差异呢？There are many differences between American EnglEnglish.Thenotice.RegionalEnglish.Tlie difference in the accent is the first thing you might notice.Re

2、gionaK区域的）accents vary greatly as you travel within Great Britain, so there is no way to accurately（准确地）describe “the British accent”.However, according to standard British English, Brits tend to omit ther that comes at the end of a word.The second difference is the use of words that Americans eithe

3、r dont use or use to mean different things.For example, chips in British English arc French fries in American English, and chips in American English arc crisps in British English.In addition when describing food, Brits will say something is“nice，which means pleasing or tasty whereas an American woul

4、d say “good”.Another difference is perhaps less obvious, as it is only noticeable when reading.Pick up a British newspaper and you will soon notice that some words are spelled differently.The American” -ize or “一yze ending is changed to ise or yse in the case of “organize/organise, and analyze/“anal

5、yse”.Some British words containing two 1 s have only one in American English, such as“cancellcd（取消）“and ttwoollen,.Coinmon words ending in “-er are changed lo“一re in British English: centre theatre.American English words ending in ense“ are changed to ence“ in British English, like defence and offen

6、ce（冒 犯）.Brits add a u to some words that end in -or”, such as colour and neighbour.词海拾贝I .vary vi.变化；不同”.使不同；使多样化n addition另外；并且：除此之外.pick up捡起；接栽；学会3 .add.to.把添加到Section I Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary课前预习学前热身，成竹在胞The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronun

7、ciation.(教材 P?) 这两种英语另外两个不同的方面是拼写和发音。(l)differ from 与不同differ in在方面不同(2)different adj.不同的；相异的be different from.in在与不同(3)diffcrcncc .不同：区别make a difference有影响，使不相同Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways.=Things in the world arc different from each other in a thousand ways.世界上的事物

8、是千差万别的。This picture is differenl from that one pare them and (ell (he difference between them.(differ) 这幅画和那一幅不同。比拟一下，分辨出它们之间的不同。The smallest good habits can make a big difference.即使最小的好习惯也会带来巨大的影响。短语. have.in common在方面有相同之处，有相同的特点We have really everything in common with America nowadays, except of

9、course, language.(教材 Pi) 当然除了语言，我们确实和美国一切都是相同的。(1 )havc a lot/much/a great deal in common with.与有很多共同之处have nothing/little in common wi【h.与没有/很少有共同之处(2)in common共有；共同in common with sb/sth 与某人/某物一样They get on well with each other, because they have a lot in common.他们相处得很好，是因为他们有很多相同之处。Although they a

10、re good friends, they have little in common with each other.尽管他们是好朋友，但是他们几乎没有共同之处。In common wilh Tbm, Jack also likes surfing (he Internet.和汤姆一样，杰克也喜欢上网。1 .get around到处走动;(消息、谣言)传开.maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or ca/2(American).(教材 P2)你也许愿意乘坐laxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。ge

11、t along/on with 与相处；进展get down to开始认真（做某事）get across (使)被理解；(使)被接受get through通过；拨通( )Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news gets around quickly.谚语好事不出门，坏事传千里。Thats enough fun and games! Lets get down to work.别再玩儿了！咱们安下心来工作吧。I rang you several times but wasnt able to get through.我给你打了几次

12、 ，但没有打通。3.1ead to引起，导致；通向But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.(教材 P3)但它也导致了大量的美语单词和结构进入英式英语中，以至于现在许多人认为英式英语将会消失。(1 )lead sb lo/into.带着某人到/进入lead sb to do sth使得某人做某事lead a happy li

13、fe过着幸福的生活(2)takc the lead 带头It doesnl matter whether you (urn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.在十字路口你向右或向左转都没关系一一两条路都通向公园。The invention of the new type of machine led to him/his winning(win) the first prize in 2017.这种新型机器的创造使他在2017年赢得了一等奖。Could you do me a favour and lead me

14、to the bus station?你能带个忙带着我去公共汽车站吗？What led you to believe (believe)the false news?什么使你相信这个虚假的消息？ 图命句式 I .Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, its a %几力.(教材 P?)美国人把手电筒称为flashlight,而英国人却叫它torcho本句中while作并列连词，表示比照，意为“而，然而”。(l)while附属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候“；while从句中常用延续性动词。(2)while附属连词，引导让步状

15、语从句，意为“虽然”，从句一般位于句首He likes playing basketball, while I like listening to music.他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。While he was reading ihe newspaper, he heard someone knock at (he door.当他读报纸的时候，他听到有人敲门。While ! admit that the problems arc difficult, I can solve them.虽然我成认问题很难，但是我能解决它们。2 .A Londoner has more difficulty

16、understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.(教材 P?)一个伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。have difficulty (in) doing sth表示“做某事有困难”，其中difficulty为不可数名词，可用trouble替换，difficulty 前可用 some, any, no, liltle 等词来修饰。have difficulty/problems with/(in)doing sth 做某事有麻烦There is (some) difficulty

17、 (in) doing sth 做某事有困难一Did you have difliculty finding Anns house?Not rcally.Shc had given us clear directions and wc were able to find it easily.你找到安的家有困难吗？不是很难。她给了我们很清楚的指引，我们很容易就找到了。I have much difficulty with maths and I am worried about it.我在数学上有很大的困难，我对此感到很担忧。You cant imagine what great difficu

18、lty we have ever had dealing (deal) with the problems.你想象不到我们处理这些问题时遇到了多大的困难。For me, there is no difficulty/trouble finishing (finish)the task in two days.对于我来说，在两天之内完成这项任务是亳无困难的。3 .The non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each

19、other.(教材 P?)专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。本句句式为“01 he is from the south.1.1 f you compare both of our cars, youH find them very much alike.1.1 t is obvious that she is very clever because she can work out such a difficult problem.4 .Her letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any sense

20、of it.5 .The customers made a number of rude remarks(评论)about the goods on sale.6 .AI1 varieties(种类)of goods for daily use are available in the shopping mall.7 .Leaves are found on all kinds of trees but they differ(有区别)greatly in size and shape.8 .To my delight, the students worked very hard and we

21、re making progress steadily(不断地:持续地).II .选词填空be similar to, lead to, make a difference, get around, have.in commonI .They have become close friends for they have much in common.2.1bo much work and too little rest often leads to illness.3.My new teacher,s teaching style 3 similar to that of most othe

22、r teachers.4.It doesnt make any/a difference to me whether he will attend the meeting.5.Experts call on people to use public transport to get around.HL完成句子am fond of music while my brnlher is fond of sports.我对音乐感兴趣，而我哥哥却对体育感兴趣。2 .While I understand wha you said, I cant agree with you.虽然我理解你的意思，但是我还是

23、不同意。3 .Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English?你理解英语口语有困难吗？4 .You cant imagine the difficulty we had getting in k)uch with him.你无法想象我们与他取得联系有多困难。5 .The noise made i hard for me lo focus on work.噪音让我无法集中注意力工作。|课时作业沙场练兵，大显身手I .单句语法填空i .The problem was so confusing(confuse) that fe

24、w people can work it out.1.1 quite agree to your opinion that everyone can make a difference to society.3 .The number of exchange students to China has grown steadily(sleadv).4 .He didnt work hard all the term.Obviously(obvious), he cant pass the exam.5 .Generally speaking, the music of one country

25、is quite a lot in common with its culture.6 .Coinparing(coinparc) this car with that one, you will find clear differences.7 .Her mother is fond of western music, while her father is interested in Peking opera.8 .Wherever he is, he makes it a rule to take(take) part in physical labor.9 .Whcn Peter sp

26、eaks in public, he always has difficulty thinking(think) of the right things to say.10 .As far as I know, it was the car accident due to drunk driving that led to his being killed(ki 11).11 .单句改错 paring with many students in the poor areas, we are lucky paringCompared.He was standing there with a co

27、nfusing look on his face.confusingconfiised3.In common to many other boys, he likes computer games.towith4.1 had a lot of difficulties climbing to the mountain top.difficultiesdifficulty5.It doesnt make difference to me whether it rains or snows.make 后力口 aHL课文语法填空British English 1 .differs(differenc

28、e) from American English in many ways.The most obvious way is in the vocabulary.Sometimes , the same word has a 2.slightly (slight) different meaning , which can be 3.confusing(confuse).Besides, there are some differences in grammar, spelling and pronunciation between the two varieties， 4.which some

29、times makes people from different places have 5.difficulty (difficult) in understanding each other.Despite the differences, they still have much 6.jn common, and communications across the Atlantic 7.have developed(develep) steadily, which has led to them 8.moving (move)closer.Though there seems to b

30、e many “Englishes and people speak English with different 9.accents (accent), users of English will all be able to understand each other, i O.wherever (hey are.M阅读理解ALearning English as a second language for non -native English speakers is not an easy task.You need to spend a considerable time befor

31、e you could speak or write the English language.There are only two ways to learn the English language or any other language you prefer.The first one needs a lot of money because of the requirements needed.If you notice, a person migrates(移民) to another country and stays there for a couple of years a

32、nd then goes back to his home non native speaking country, the person becomes so familiar in speaking English.This is the most effective way of learning to speak and write a language unfamiliar to you.The leamer learns the language because he/she is forced to do so and there is no other language bei

33、ng used.Not to mention that the learner should adapt to the cnvironmcnt.lt is all started from listcning.This is the process how language is acquired if you will stay long in a foreign country.The second one is the traditional way.You go to school or learning center specialized in teaching English a

34、s a second language.Obviously, this is cheaper (han the first, but it needs a considerable time before you will learn to familiarize the language.Today, there are different language centers offering their services fbr people to learn the language in your own country.They brought all the materials ne

35、eded because, compared to the first one, theyre affordable and reasonable.Nowadays, learning English as a second language is one of the global trends.Since the English language is used in most of the business transactions you may need it too.Otherwise you will not go along with the future trends tha

36、t will arise.【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了学习英语的两种方法：一种是去说这种语言的国家生活几年，在这种环境 下你会很快学好这门语言，但这种费用太高了；另一种是传统的学习方式，就是在学校里花大量的时间学 习，或上培训班，这是个费时但大局部人都负担得起的方式。无论怎样，学习英语是大势所趋，是未来工 作的需要。l.The most effective way of learning a second language is to.A.learn from the native speakersB.spend a lot of timeC.open your mouth to practi

37、ce moreD.livc in the speaking country several days答案 A 细节理解题。从第二段可以看出此题的正确答案为A。2.Now an affordable way to learn a foreign language but not to go abroad is to.A.go to a foreign language schoolB.study in a language centerC niunicate with more peopleD.invite a foreigner as a teacher答案 B 细节理解题。从第四段的第四句T

38、oday, there are different language centers offering their services.”可以找到此题答案的依据。3.The last paragraph mainly tells us.A.the global trends of the present worldB.the difficulty of learning a second languageC.the most important way of learning a second languageD.thc importance of learning a second langu

39、age答案D 段落大意题。最后一段说明了学习第二语言是当今的一个趋势，是人人都应该做的，否那么就跟 不上时代的潮流了。所以这一段主要告诉我们学习第二语言的重要性。4. From the passage we can learn.A.learning foreign languages is easyB.there are many ways to learn foreign languagesC.family environment is very helpful fbr learning foreign languages.learning a foreign language is goo

40、d tor your future career答案D 推理判断题。从最后一段可以判断出学好外语对将来的就业很有好处；从第一段的第一句话可 以看出A项不正确；从第一段的最后一句话可以判断B项不正确；环境对语言学习很重要，但不是家庭环境，故C项不正确。“How are you? ” is a nice question.Its a friendly way that people in the United States greet each other.But “How are you? ”is also an unusual question.Its a question that ofte

41、n doesnt need an answer.The person who asks “How are you? ” expects to hear the answer “Fine， even if the person isnt fine.The reason is that llHow are you? isnt really a question and “Fine isnt really an answer. They arc common ways of saying “Hello” or “Hi”.Sometimes, people dont say exactly what

42、they mean.For example, when someone asks “Do you agree? ”the other person may be thinking, “No, I dont.I think you are wrong/ It isnt polite to disagree very strongly, then he might say, “I am not so sure. This is a nicer way to say that you dont agree with someone.People also dont say exactly what

43、they are thinking when they finish talking to other people.For example, many conversations over the phone end when one person says Ive got to go now. Or the person who wants to hang up will give an excuse, such as “Someone is at the door. or “Something is burning on the stove（火炉）.“The excuse may be

44、real, or not.The person who wants to hang up simply doesnt want to talk any more, but it isnt polite to say so.An excuse is polite, and it doesnt hurt the other persons feelings.Whether they arc greeting each other, talking about an opinion, or ending a conversation, people often dont say exactly wh

45、at they are thinking.It?s an important way that people try to be nice to each other, and ils part of the game of language.5.The passage is mainly about. A.how to make friends with peopleB.some polite questions used to greet another person C.important ways of being polite to other people D.how to end

46、 a conversation答案C 通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是礼貌待人的一些重要方式，应选C项。6.1f you have different opinions from someone, it is polite to say A.Youre wrongB.rm not sure that you are rightC.Of course, I disagreeD.No, I dont agree with you答案B 由第二段最后两句可知，当不同意别人的观点时，礼貌的回答为“lam not so sure.，B项与之 最为相近。7. Which of the following is a polite way to finish a conversation?A.I have no time to talk to you now.B.I want to stop talking now.