2022年-12月四级考试真题（一）.docx

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1、2022年12月四级考试真题（一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Education. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, yo

2、u will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three uestions. Both the news report and the uestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a uestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding l

3、etter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.uestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.B) The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.C) Invasive species are driving away certain native speci

4、es.D) A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.2. A) It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.Dcnmark*s and Canadas and higher than other progressive cities such as Boston and Minneapolis.D) The reasons kids in San Jose performed so well might seem obvious. Some of the worlds

5、most innovative companies are located here, providing opportunities such as the one seized by a 12-year-old Mountain View resident named Steve Jobs when he called William Hewlett to ask for spare parts and subseuently received a summer job. This is a city of immigrants38 percent of the citys populat

6、iontoday is foreign-bornand immigrants and their children have historically experienced significant upward mobility in America. The city has long had a large foreign-born population (26.5 percent in 1990), leading to broader diversity, which, the Harvard and Berkeley economists say, is a good predic

7、tor of mobility.E) Indeed, the streets of San Jose seem, in some ways, to embody the best of America. Its possible to drive in a matter of minutes from sleek (光亮的)office towers near the airport where people pitch ideas to investors, to single-family homes with orange trees in their yards, or to a Vi

8、etnamese mall. The libraries here offer programs in 17 languages, and there are areas filled with small businesses owned by Vietnamese immigrants, Mexican immigrants, Korean immigrants, and Filipino immigrants, to name a few.F) But researchers arent sure exactly why poor kids in San Jose did so well

9、. The city has a low prevalence of children growing up in: single-parent families, and a low level of concentrated poverty, both factors that usually mean a city allows for good intergenerational mobility. But San Jose also performs poorly on some of the measures correlated with good mobility. It is

10、 one of the most uneual places out of the 741 that the researchers measured, and it has high degrees of racial andeconomic segregation （隔 离 ）.Its schools underperform based on how much money there is in the area, said Ben Scuderi, a predoctoral fellow at the Euality of Opportunity Project at Harvard

11、, which uses big data to study how to improve economic opportunities for low-income children. Theres a lot going on here which we dont totally understand, he said. Its interesting, because it kind of defies our expectations.G) The Chetty data shows that neighborhoods and places mattered for children

12、 born in the San Jose area of the 1980s. Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids today, though, is up for debate. Some of the indicators such as income ineuality; measured by the Euality of Opportunity Project for the year 2022, have only worsened in the past 16 years.H) Some

13、San Jose residents say that as ineuality has grown in recent years, upward mobility has become much more difficult to achieve. As Silicon Valley has become home to more successful companies, the flood of people to the area has caused housing prices to skyrocket. By most measures, San Jose is no long

14、er a place where low-income, or even middle-income families, can afford to live. Rents in San Jose grew 42. 6 percent between 2022 and 2022, which was the largest increase in the country during that time period. The city has a growing homelessness problem, which it tried.to address by shutting down

15、The Jungle,1 one of the largest homeless encampments （临时住地）in the nation, in 2022. Ineuality is extreme. The Human Development Index-a measure of life expectancy, education and per capita （人均的）income-gives East San Jose a score of 4. 85 out of 10, while nearby Cupertino, where Apples headuarters sit

16、s, receives a 9. 26. San Jose used to have a happy mix of factors-cheap housing,closeness to a rapidly developing industry, tightly-knit immigrant communitiesthat together opened up the possibility of prosperity for even its poorest residents. But in recent years, housing prices have skyrocketed, th

17、e regions rich and poor have segregated, and middle-class jobs have disappeared. Given this, the future for the regions poor doesnt look nearly as bright as it once did.I) Leaders in San Jose are determined to make sure that the city regains its status as a place where even poor kids can access the

18、resources to succeed. With Silicon Valley in its backyard, it certainly has the chance to do so. I think there is a broad consciousness in the Valley that we can do better than to leave thousands of our neighbors behind through a period of extraordinary success, San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo said.J) B

19、ut in todays America-a land of rising ineuality, increasing segregation, and stagnating (不增长的)middle-class wages-can the San Jose region really once again become a place of opportunityThe idea that those at the bottom can rise to the top is central to Americas ideas about itself. That such mobility

20、has become more difficult in San Jose raises uestions about, the endurance of that foundational belief. After all, if the one-time land of opportunity cant be fixed, what does that say for the rest of America36. According to some people living in San Jose, it has become much harder for the poor to g

21、et ahead due to the increased ineuality.37. In American history, immigrants used to have a good chance to move upward in society.If the problems of San Jose can*t be solved, one of Americas fundamental beliefsabout itself can be shaken.39. San Jose was among the best cities in America for poor kids

22、to move up the social ladder.40. Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward is uestionable.41. San Jose*s officials are resolved to give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success in life.42. San Jose appears to manifest some of the best features of America

23、.43. As far as social mobility is concerned, San Jose beat many other progressive cities in America.44. Due to some changes like increases in housing prices in San Jose, the prospects for its poor people have dimmed.45. Researchers do not have a clear idea why poor children in San Jose achieved such

24、 great success several decades ago.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some uestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter o

25、n Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage Oneuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Three children in every classroom have a diagnosable mental health condition. Half of these are behavioural disorders, while one third are emotional disorders such as stress, anxiet

26、y and depression, which often become outwardly apparent through selfharm. There was an astonishing 52 per cent jump in hospital admissions for children and young people who had harmed themselves between 2022 and 2022.Schools and teachers have consistently reported the scale of the problem since 2022

27、. Last year, over half of teachers reported that more of. their pupils experience mental health problems than in the past. But teachers also consistently report how ill- euipped they feel to meet pupils* mental health needs, and often cite a lack of training, expertise and support from the National

28、Health Service （英国国家医疗效劳 体系）.Part of the reason for the increased pressure on . schools is that there are now fewer early intervention （ | 预 ）and low-level mental health services based in the community. Cuts to local authority budgets since 2022 have resulted in a significant decline of these servic

29、es, despite strong evidence of their effectiveness in preventing crises further down the line.The only way to break the pressures on both mental health services and schools is to reinvest in early intervention services inside schools.There are strong arguments for why schools are best placed to prov

30、ide mental health services. Schools see young people more than any other service, which givesthem a uniue ability to get to hard-to-rcach children and young people and build meaningful relationships with them over time. Recent studies have shown that children and young people largely prefer to see a

31、 counsellor in school rather than in an outside environment, young people have reported that for low-level conditions such as stress and anxiety, a clinical setting can sometimes be daunting (令人去I步的).There are already examples of innovative schools which combine mental health and wellbeing provision

32、 with a strong academic curriculum. This will, though, reuire a huge cultural shift. Politicians, policy makers, commissioners and school leaders must be brave enough to make the leap towards reimagining schools as providers of health as well as education services.46. What are teachers complaining a

33、boutA) There are too many students reuiring special attention.B) They are under too much stress counselling -needy students.C) Schools are inadeuately euipped to implement any intervention.D) They lack the necessary resources to address pupils mental problems.47. What do we learn from the passage ab

34、out community health services in BritainA) They have deteriorated due to budget cuts.B) They facilitate local residents everyday lives.C) They prove ineffective in helping mental patients.D) They cover preventative care for the local residents.48. Where does the author suggest mental health services

35、 be placedA) At home. B) At school. C) In hospitals. D) In communities.49. What do we learn from the recent studiesA) Students prefer to rely on peers to relieve stress and anxiety.B) Young people are keen on building meaningful relationships.C) Students are more comfortable seeking counselling in s

36、chool.D) Young people benefit from various kinds of outdoor activities.50. What does the author mean by a cultural shift (Line 2, Para. 6)A) Simplification of schools academic curriculums.B) Parents* involvement in schools policy-making.C) A change in teachers* attitudes to mental health.D) A change

37、 in the conception of what schools are.Passage Twouestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Picture this: Youre at a movie theater food stand loading up on snacks. You have a choice of a small, medium or large soda. The small is $ 3.50 and the large is $ 5.5(). Its a tough decision: The s

38、mall size may not last you-through the whole movie, but $ 5.50 for some sugary drink seems ridiculous. But theres a third option, a medium soda for $ 5.25. Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is only a uarter more. If youre like most people, you end up buying the large (a

39、nd taking a bathroom break midshow).If youre wondering who would buy the medium soda, the answer is almost-no one. In fact, theres a good chance the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy (诱 饵)，making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small.I have writte

40、n about this peculiarity in human nature before with my friend Dan Ariely, who studied this phenomenon extensively after noticing pricing for subscriptions ( 1J I阅 )to The Economist, The digital subscription was $59, the print subscription was $125, and the print plus digital subscription was also $

41、125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for the same price, so why was it even an option Ariely ran an experiment and found that when only the two real choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. But the

42、 addition of the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option.Brain scientists call this effect asymmetric dominance1 and it means that people gravitate toward the choice nearest a clearly inferior option. Marketing professors call it the decoy effec

43、t, which is certainly easier to remember. Lucky for consumers, almost no one in the business community understands it.The decoy effect works because of the way our brains, assign value when making choices. Value is almost never absolute; rather, we decide an objects value relative to our other choic

44、es. If more options are introduced, the value euation changes.51. Why does the author ask us to imagine buying food in the movie theaterA) To illustrate peoples peculiar shopping behavior.B) To illustrate the increasing variety of snacks there.C) To show how hard it can be to choose a drink there.D)

45、 To show how popular snacks are among movie fans.52. Why is the medium soda priced the way it isA) To attract more customers to buy it.B) To show the price matches the amount.C) To ensure customers drink the right amount of soda.D) To make customers believe they are getting a bargain.53. What do we

46、learn from Dan Arielys experimentA) Lower-priced goods attract more customers.B) The Economists promotional strategy works.C) The Economists print edition turns out to sell the best.D) More readers choose the digital over the print edition.54. For what purpose is nthe bad option11 (Line 7, Para. 3)

47、addedA) To cater to the peculiar needs of some customers.B) To help customers to make more rational choices.C) To trap customers into buying the more pricey item.D) To provide customers with a greater variety of goods.55. How do we assess the value of a commodity, according to the passageA) By consi

48、dering its usefulness.C) By taking its uality into account.B) By comparing it with other choices.D) By examining its value euation.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on A

49、nswer Sheet 2.生活在中国不同地区的人们饮食多种多样。北方人主要吃面食，南方人大多吃米饭。在 沿海地区，海鲜和淡水水产品在人们饮食中占有相当大的比例，而在其他地区人们的饮食中， 肉 类和奶制品更为常见。四川、湖南等省份的居民普遍爱吃辛辣食物，而江苏和浙江人更喜欢甜 食。然而，因为烹饪方式各异，同类食物的味道可能会有所不同。B) It could pose a threat to other marine species.C) It could disrupt the food chains there.D) It could add to greenhouse emissions.uestions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have ju