新《试卷》2015年考研英语二真题18.pdf

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1、绝密启用前英语（二）英语（二）（科目代码：204）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。5.

2、考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2015 年全国硕士研究生招生考试2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating w

3、ithor even looking ata stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones,even without a 1 on a subway.Its a sad realityour desire to avoid interacting with other human beings because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by

4、 you.But you wouldnt know it,3 into your phone.This universal protection sends the 4:Please dont approach me.What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,an executive mental coach.We fear rejection,or that our innocent social advances will

5、be 6 as weird.We fear well be_.We fear well be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us,so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this uneasiness,we 10 to our phones.Phones become our security blanket,Wortmann says.They are o

6、ur happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11.But once we rip off the band-aid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up,it doesnt 12 so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:S

7、tart a 13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14.When Dr.Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,The New York Times summa

8、rizes.Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience,after they 17 with the experiment,not a single person reported having been embarrassed.18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication,which makes absolute sense,19 human beings thrive off of

9、social connections.Its that 20:Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.-1-1.A signal2.A nothing3.A beaten4.A message5.A under6.A misapplied7.A judged8.A unreasonable9.A comfortable10.A attend11.A dangerous12.A bend13.A lecture14.A trainees15.A reveal16.A voyage17.A went through18.A In tum19

10、.A unless20.A funnyPart A Directions:B permitC ticketD recordB littleC anotherD muchB pluggedC guidedD broughtB codeC noticeD signB beyondC behindD fromB misinterpretedC misadjustedD mismatchedB firedC replacedD delayedB ungratefulC unconventionalD unfamiliarB confidentC anxiousD angryB tumC takeD p

11、ointB mysteriousC violentD boringB resistC hurtD decayB debateC conversationD negotiationB employeesC researchersD passengersB chooseC predictD designB flightC walkD rideB did awayC caught upD put upB In factC In particularD In consequenceB whereasC ifD sinceB simpleC logicalD rareSection II Reading

12、 Comprehension Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)-2-Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys,people are actually more stressed at home than at work.Researchers measured peoples c

13、ortisol,which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.Fu门her contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,writes one of the research

14、ers,Sarah Damaske.In fact women even say they feel better at work,she notes.It is men,not women,who report being happier at home than at work.Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents.This is why people who work outside the ho

15、me have better health.What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when theyre at home,whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For women who stay home,they never get to leave the office.And f

16、or women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.With the blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women,its not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But its not just a gender

17、 thing.At work,people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front,however,p

18、eople have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleaguesyour familyhave no clear rewards for their labor;they need to be talked int

19、o it,or if theyre teenagers,threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,theyre your family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasks apparently infinite,the co-workers a

20、re much harder to motivate.-3-21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home.A offered greater relaxation than the workplaceB was an ideal place for stress measurementC generated more stress than the workplaceD was an unrealistic place for relaxation22.According to Damaske,who are

21、 likely to be the happiest at home?A Working mothers.B Childless husbands.C Working fathers.D Childless wives.23.The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact that.A their home is also a place for kicking backB they are both bread winners and housewivesC there is often much housework left

22、behindD it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word moola(Line 4,Para.4)most probably means.A skillsB energyC earningsD nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that.A family labor is often adequately rewardedB home is hardly a cozier working environmentC household task

23、s are generally more motivatingD division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut-4-Text2 For years,studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degreelag other students on a range of education achievement factors.Their grades are lower and the

24、ir dropout rates are higher.But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education,colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.This has created a paradox in that recruiting first-generation students,but then watching many of

25、them fail,means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen,rather than close an achievement gap based on social class,according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potent

26、ial solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-cost program)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities,and their fin

27、dings are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fouryear college degree.Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent)were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for underg

28、raduates with financial need,while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesisthat a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential b

29、ut in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of highe

30、r education,learn the rules of the game,and take advantage of college resources,they write.And this becomes more of a problem when colleges dont talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students.Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class

31、can affect students educational experiences,many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve.-5-26.R.ecru1tmg more first-generation students has.A reduced their dropout ratesB narrowed the achievement gapC missed its o

32、riginal purposeD depressed college students27.The authors of the research article are optimistic because.A their findings appeal to studentsB the recruiting rate has increasedC the problem is solvableD their approach is costless28.Th e study suggests that most first-generat10n students.A are from si

33、ngle-parent familiesB study at private universitiesC are in need of financial supportD have failed their college29.The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students.A may lack opportunities to apply for research projectsB are inexperienced in handling their issues at collegeC can have

34、a potential influence on other studentsD are actually indifferent to the achievement gap30.We may infer from the last paragraph that.A universities often reject the culture of the middle-classB students are usually to blame for their lack ofresourcesC social class greatly helps enrich educational ex

35、periencesD colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question-6-Text3 Even in traditional offices,the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn.She started spinnin

36、g off examples.If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990,we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey,mission,passion.There were goals,there were strategies,there were objectives,but we didnt talk about energy;we didnt talk about passion.Koehn pointed out that this n

37、ew era of corporate vocabulary is very team-oriented-and not by coincidence.Lets not forget sports-in male-dominated corporate America,its still a big deal.Its not explicitly conscious;its the idea that Im a coach,and youre my team,and were in this together.There are lots and lots of CEOs in very di

38、fferent companies,but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning and,as Rakesh Khurana,another professor,points out,increase allegiance to the伍m.You have the importation of terminology that historically us

39、ed to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations:terms like vision,values,passion,and purpose,said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The mommy wars of the 1990s are still

40、 going on today,prompting arguments about why women still cant have it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In,whose title has become a buz研ord in its own right.Terms like unplug,offline,lifi.动ack,bandwidth,and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home.But if your

41、 work is your passion,youll be more likely to devote yourself to it,even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak:Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingl

42、y absorb it.As a linguist once said,You can get people to think its nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.In a workplace thats fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning,office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work and how your work defines who you are.-7-31.

43、According to Nancy Koehn,office language has become.A less strategic B less energetic C more objective D more emotional 32.T earn-onented corporate vocabulary is closely related to.A sports culture B gender difference C historical incidents D athletic executives 33.Khurana believes that the importat

44、ion of terminology aims to.A revive historical tern飞B promote company image C foster corporate cooperation D strengthen employee loyalty 34.It can be inferred that Lean In.A voices for working women B appeals to passionate workaholics C triggers debates among mommies D praises motivated employees 35

45、.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?A Linguists believe it to be nonsense.B Regular people mock it but accept it.C Companies find it to be fundamental.D Managers admire it but avoid it.-8-Text4 Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for Jun

46、e,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However,there

47、is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare,it is worth making an impo

48、rtant distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends

49、 meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June,but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary p

50、art-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Departinent asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is yes,they are classified as working part-time.The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they