黑龙江省大庆市2020届高三英语下学期第四次检测试题含解析.docx

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1、黑龙江省大庆市第四中学2020届高三英语下学期第四次检测试题（含 解析）第I卷（选择题）第一部分：听力理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What will Lucy do at11:30 tomorrow?A. Go out for lunch.B. See her dentist. C. Visit a friend.2. What is the wea

2、ther like now?A. Its sunny.B. Its rainy. C. Ils cloudy.3. Why does the man talk to Dr. Simpson?A To make an apology.B. To ask for help. C. To discuss his studies.4. How will the woman get back from the railway station?A. By train.B. By car.C. By bus.5. What does Jenny decide to do first?A. Look for

3、a job. B. Go on a trip.C. Get an assistant.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分225分）听第6段材料，回答6、7题。6. What time is it now?A. 1:45. B. 2:10.C. 2:15.7. What will the man do?A. Work on a project. B. See Linda in the library. C. Meet with Professor Smith. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. What are the speakers talking about?A. Having

4、guests this weekend.B. Going out for sightseeing.C. Moving into a new house.原因。同时指出有些故事需要以适当的方式讲述。由此可推知，作者旨在说服我们为了他人 和我们自己的利益而适当地分享故事。故选D。DFrom talking robots and video phones to rovers on Mars, technology has become so advanced that the previously impossible seems to occur on a daily basis. And yet

5、 - we still have no cure for the common cold.Why can* t we stop the common cold? According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at EdinburghNapier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in the many different types of cold viruses that are produced by the rhinoviruses （鼻病毒）.There are at least 160 type

6、s. They mutate （突变）so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems. In other words, a single cure isn, t likely to work on every type of cold.However, researchers from Stanford University and the University of California, San Francisco, have found a po

7、ssible answer. They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can t spread inside your body.To identify the gene which produces the specific protein needed by the viruses, researchers used a gene-editing technique to test all genes in the human genome （基 因组）one by one for thousand

8、s of cells. Those modified （改变 ）cells were then exposed to a range of enteroviruses （肠病毒），including the rhi novi ruses wh i ch cause the common cold. Al 1 the viruses were unable to replicate （复制）inside cells without a gene that produces a specific protein, called methyl transferase SETD3.Then, they

9、 tested genetically modified mice, which were completely unable to produce the protein. The mice were able to live healthy, normal lives without the protein. aLacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection. w associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC. These m

10、ice would always die, but they survived and we saw a very strong reduction in viral replication and very strong protection. MCarette said the plan is to find a drug which can temporarily suppress （抑制） the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans. We have identified a fantastic targe

11、t that all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses require and depend on. Take that away and the virus really has no chance. said Carette. This is a really good first step - the second step is to have a chemical that mimics （模拟）this genetic deletion. v he added.12. What does Peter Barlow think is the main pr

12、oblem for prevention of the common cold?A. The s1ow mutation of some genes.B. The fast speed at which rhinoviruses spread.C. The wide variety of cold viruses created by rhinoviruses.D. The harm rhinoviruses do to the immune system.13. What can we learn about the protein needed by the viruses?A. It a

13、llows the viruses to mutate easily.B. It helps the viruses replicate inside our bodies.C. It helps the viruses become resistant to drugs.D. It accelerates the speed at which the viruses spread.14. What did the researchers discover in their gene-editing study?A. The modified cells seemed to protect t

14、he mice against viral infections.B. Genetically modified mice died because they lacked the protein.C. More methyl transferase SETD3 was produced after the cells were modified.D. The gene-editing technique was more effective against enteroviruses than rhinoviruses.15. What do the researchers most pro

15、bably do next, according to Carette?A. Conduct experiments on genetically modified humans.B. Apply this gene-editing technique to control other viruses.C. Identify a drug that can help reduce the protein.D. Find a chemical that can cure all enteroviruses and rhinoviruscs.【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C【

16、解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲了普通感冒没有很好的治愈方法是因为鼻病毒产生的许多不 同类型的感冒病毒，而病毒的传播需要蛋白质，为了确定产生病毒所需特定蛋白质的基因， 研究人员使用基因编辑技术，对人类基因组中的数千个细胞逐一进行基因测试。由此提出了 一种新型的防普通感冒的方法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at EdinburghNapier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in the many different types of

17、 cold viruses that are produced by the rhi novi ruses （鼻病毒）.（据英国爱丁 堡纳皮尔大学的科学家Peler Barlow称，主要的挑战在于由鼻病毒产生的许多不同类型的感 冒病毒）”可知，PeterBarlow认为预防普通感冒的主要问题是由鼻病毒产生的各种各样的感冒病毒。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句 They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can, t spread inside your body.（他们发现了病毒需要的

18、一种蛋白质。 没有它，它们就不能在你体内扩散）”可知，病毒所需的蛋白质帮助病毒在我们体内复制。故 选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句 Lacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection. w associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC.（“缺乏这种基因保护小鼠完全免受病毒感染。”斯坦福大学副教授Jan Carette告诉BBC） 可知，研究人员在基因编辑研究中发现修改后的细胞似乎可以保护小鼠免受病毒感染。故选A

19、项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句Carette said the plan is to find a drug which can temporarily suppress the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans. （Carette说，他们的计划是找到一种可以暂时抑制这种蛋白质的药物，而不是制造转 基因人类）”可推知，根据Carctt。的研究，研究人员接下来最有可能确定一种可以帮助减少 蛋白质的药物。故选C项。【点睛】第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出

20、能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。No matter how hard you work to keep your customers satisfied, you re bound to come up against one or two who have a negative experience with your product or service. 16 However, it s your job to address the customer* s concerns and give them a reason to come back to your bran

21、d. Below are the techniques that have worked in calming any angry customer.17 It may seem like common sense for companies to respond as soon as possible, i f not immediately, to an upset customer. The longer that customer has to wai t, the angrier they* 11 get and the more likely they are to write a

22、 bad review. A quick acknowledgement and show of concern will go a long way.Just listen. Active listening is an essential skill in managing a team. It s just as important for providing good customer service-especially when someone is upset. 18 Then let them know you understand and sympathize with th

23、eir disappointment.Remain calm and ask them what they want to happen. If the No. 1 rule of customer service is that the customer is always right, the second rule is to remain calm. Even in the face of angry customers, keeping a level head will have a naturally calming effect on them.Give them the ti

24、me to explain exactly what they* re upset about. 19 Some times a little compromise might be needed on their part depending upon that solution.Get on the phone. In today s period of social media, customers feel very comfortable airing their frustrations from behind a keyboard. 20 Most of the time if

25、you call and explain your sideand listen to theirs you can work things out. A. Give them time to express their concerns.B. Respond immediately.C. It may not necessarily be your fault.D. You might as well ask them questions, too.E. Putting yourself in their shoes can solve problems quick 1y.F. Ask wh

26、at they feel is an appropriate solution and do your best to make that happen.G. It is recommended that reaching out to them personally on the phone resolve the issue.【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. F 20. G【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了安抚生气的顾客的一些技巧。【16题详解】根据上文 “you rc bound to come up against one or two who have a ne

27、gative experience with your product or service.（你一定会遇到一两个对你的产品或服务有负面体验的顾 客）”以及下文 u However, its your job to address the customer* s concerns and give them a reason to come back to your brand.（然而，你的工作是解决顾客的担忧并给他们 一个回归你品牌的理由）”可知，即使不是你的原因令顾客不满意，但是你的工作是解决顾客 的担忧，故C选项“这未必是你的错”符合上下文语境，故选C项。【17题详解】空处是本段的主题句

28、，根据空后一句中“respond as soon as possible”和本段第三句“Th。 longer that customer has to wait, the angrier they11 get and the more likely they are to write a bad review. n可知，顾客等待的时间越长，他们就会越牛.气，并更有可能 写一个差评。由此可知，本段主要讲的是回复顾客要及时，故B选项“立即回复”符合上下 文语境，故选B项。【18题详解】根据本段主题句“Just listen”可知，本段主要讲要倾听，结合空前一句It s just as import

29、ant for providing good customer service-especially when someone is upset.（它 和提供好的顾客服务一样重要，尤其是当他们难过时）”和空后一句Then let them know you understand and sympathize with their disappointment.（然后让他们知道你对他们的失望 感到理解和同情）”可知，在顾客难过时，给他们时间来表达情绪，这样做可以让顾客知道你 对他们的失望感到理解和同情。故A选项“给他们时间来表达他们的担忧”符合上下文语境, 故选A项。【19题详解】根据空前一句

30、Give them the time to explain exactly what theyre upset about. ” 可 知，给他们时间去解释清楚他们因为什么而心烦意乱。由此可知，顾客解称不满原因后， 应是询问他们合适的解决方案是什么。后文中that solution呼应F选项中an appropriate solutiono故F选项”询问他们认为什么是合适的解决方案，并尽你所能做到”符合上下文 语境，故选F项。【20题详解】本段主题句是“Get on the phone.（接打电话）”，结合空后一句Most of the time if you call and explain

31、your sideand listen to theirs you can work things out（大多数 时候，如果你打电话解释你的观点，听听他们的观点，你就能解决问题）”可知，本段讲的是 要接打电话来解决问题。故G选项“建议要通过电话联系他们来解决这个问题”符合上下文 语境，且G项中“on the phone”与主题句呼应，故选G项。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项。When twelve-year-old John Wils

32、on walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in late October 1931, he had no way of knowing that his life was about to change completely. The c1ass 21 that day was to show how 22 a container of water would bring oxygen bubbles（气泡）to the surface. The container John was about to heat, 23, was not

33、 like the containers students everywhere had used. Someone had been24 and put the wrong label （标签）on the bottle. And 25 John heated it with a Bunsen burner, the container 26, sending the liquid flying in alldirections. John Wilson came away from it, completely 27.Wilson spent the next two months in

34、hospital. After he returned home, his parents 28 a hard time to find a way to deal with the 29 that had happened to their lives. But Wilson did not 30 the accident as a disaster. He knew he had the rest of his life to live. He learned Braille（盲文）quickly and continued his 31 at the esteemed Worcester

35、 College for the disabled. There, he not only 32 as a student but also became an accomplished rower, swimmer, actor, musician, and orator.Many people, faced with the 33 John Wilson met with, would have 34 of their experience. Perhaps they wou1d have considered themselves to be 35 by i11 fortune and

36、discouraged in their 36 to do anything signi ficant with their lives. Wilson, however, lost his sight but found a 37 . Through his practical action and life attitude, he proved to us 38 that it s not what happens to us40. A. ofthat 39 our livesit s what we make_4() what happens.21. A. discussionmana

37、gementB. experimentC.analysisD.22. A. bringing outonB. turning overC.heating upD. picking23. A. thereforeB. insteadC.besidesD. however24. A. light-heartedbad-temperedB. absent-mindedC.cold-bloodedD.25. A. asB. ifC.onceD. though26. A. leakedB. explodedC.collapsedD. melted27. A. dumbB. lameC.deafD. bl

38、ind28. A. called forthroughB. drove offC.depended onD. went29. A. catastropheB. coincidenceC.di lemmaD. drawback30. A. elect recommendB. appointC.regardD.31. A. educationB. occupationC.contributionD. recovery32. A. survivedregisteredB. shoneC.competedD.33. A. discriminationuncertaintiesB. resistance

39、C.circumstancesD.34. A. dreamedcomplainedB. thoughtC.approvedD.35. A. criticizedinterruptedB. motivatedC.surroundedD.36. A. preferencesB. requirementsC.failuresD. attempts37. A. bridgeB. visionC.rewardD. cure38. A. dramaticallyB. occasional 1yC.abruptlyI), roughly39. A. limitsB. predictsC.determines

40、D. replacesB. fromC. forD. up【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. D 29.A 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. C 36. D 37. B 38. AC 40. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了 John Wilson在做化学实验时出现意外，导致眼睛失明， 但他并没有气馁，而是积极面对生活中每一天，每件事，最终在各方面都表现很出色。21题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是要展示如何加热容器里的水使氧气泡带到水表面。A. discussion 讨

41、论；B. experiment 实验；C. analysis 分析；D. management 管理。根据 上文 “John Wilson walked into his chemistry classw 可知 John Wilson 去上化学课,接 着就应该是讲化学课上课的内容，结合选项，应该是讲化学课上的实验，故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是要展示如何加热容器里的水使氧气泡带到水表 面。A. bringing out 拿出；B. turning over 使翻转；C. heating up 加热；D. picking on 挑选。由下文“The contci

42、iner John was about to heat”可知是要给容品里的水加热，结 合选项，故选C项。【23题详解】考查连词。句意：John正要给容器加热，然而他的容器并没有跟其他学生用的容器一样。A. therefore因此；B. instead取而代之；C. besides除此之外还有；D. however然而，但 是。由文中 “The container John was about to heat, 3, was not 1 ike the containersstudents everywhere had used. ”可知，句中前半句他正要给容器加热和后半句并不像其他 同学的容器

43、一样，两者是转折关系，结合选项，故选D项。【24题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：某些人粗心大意，把标签粘错。A. light-hearted无忧无虑的；B. absent-minded精心大意的；C. cold-blooded冷血的；D. bad-tempered坏脾气的。由文中 “put the wrong label（标签）on the bottle. w可知，把瓶子上贴错标签,是粗心大意导致的，结合选项，故选B项。25题详解】考查连词。句意：当John用本生灯给容器加热时，容器爆炸了，液体四处飞溅。A. as当时候；B. if 如果；C. once一旦；D. though 尽管。由文中“A

44、nd 5 John heated it with a Bunsen burner, the container 6, sending the liquid flying in alldirections.可知，这是在John在做实验时发生了意外，所以空处所在句子是时间状语， 结合选项，故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：当John用本生灯给容器加热时，容器爆炸了，液体四处飞溅。A. leaked 泄漏；B. exploded 爆炸；C. collapsed 倒塌；I）, melted 融化。由文中 “And 5 John heated it with a Bunsen burner,

45、the container 6, sending the liquid flyingin all directions.在John加热时，引得容器里的液体四溅了，说明是容器爆炸了，结 合选项，故选B项。【27题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：John Wilson离开了它，眼睛完全瞎了。A. dumb哑的；B. lame病 的；C. deaf 聋的;D. blind 瞎的。由下文 “He learned Braille（盲文）quickly可知， John学盲文，说明他在实验中眼睛失明了，结合选项，故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在他回家以后，他的父母度过一段很困难的时间。A. c

46、alled for 呼吁；B. drove off 驾车离去；C. depended on取决于；D. went through经历。由空后 宾语“a hard time”可知，一段困难的时间是经历过，结合选项，故选D项。【29题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：为了找到应对发生在他们身上的灾难的办法，他的父母经历了一段困 难的时间。A. catastrophe灾难;B. coincidence巧合;C. di 1 emma进退两难的境地；D. drawback缺点。由上文John在做化学实验时因意外导致眼睛失明以及下文中“a disaster” 可知，这对于他们而言是一场灾难，结合选项，故选A项。【

47、30题详解】考杳固定搭配。句意：但是Wilson没有把这个事故当作一场灾难。A. elect选举；B. appoint 委任，任命；C. regard认为；D. recommend推荐。分析空处所在句子，结合选项可知， regardas是固定搭配，意为“把认为”，符合句意，故选C项。【31题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：他很快学会了盲文，并且在the Esteemed Worcester College继续他的学业。A. education 教育；B. occupation 职业；C. contribution 贡献：D. recovery 发现。由上文做化学实验可知，Wilson还是个学生，即使

48、眼睛失明，他学习了盲文，继续他 的教育，结合选项，故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅作为学生很优秀，而且也是优秀的划船者，游泳者， 演员，音乐家和讲演家。A. survived生存；B. shone发光，出色；C. competed竞争；D. registered注册。分析本句句中结构可知,“not onlybut also”是并列连词，句中后半句是 “but also became an accomplished rower, swimmer, actor, musician, and orator.是讲述他在各方面都很成功，所以前半句也应该是讲积极的事情，结合选项，故选 B项。【33题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：面对John Wilson遇到的这种情况许多人会抱怨这段经历。A. discrimination 歧视；B. resistance 抵制；C. circumstances 情况； D. uncertainties 不确定的事。由上文可知John W