专题07 动词-2023年中考总复习真题探究与变式训练（江苏专用）（原卷版）.docx

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1、专题07动词命题方向重要指数考向一动词词义辨析（常考点）考向二动词短语辨析.（必考点）考向三情态动词（必考点）考向一动词词义辨析D用题招氧雨 （2022江苏南通中考真题）Peter, our monitor, is creative and energetic enough to the task successfully.A. completeB. collectC. controlD. consider同（2022江苏常州中考真题）If you want to keep healthy, going to bed early and getting up early is highlyA.

2、 recommended B. challengedC. translatedD. influenced例（2022江苏无锡中考真题）一Does the colour red represent good things in Chinese culture?Yes. But writing ones name in red is not good, and we usually it.A. avoidB. adviseC. allowD. accept厚命题日也易混动词词义辨析（1） be / get used to doing sth.意为“习惯做某事”；used to do sth.意为“

3、过去常常做某事”；be used to do意为“被用来做某事”。如：I used to get up late, but now I m used to getting up early.我过去常常晚起，但现在习惯早起。Umbrella is used to prevent the rain.雨伞用来避雨。（2） get to+地点=reach+地点=arrive in+大地方/at+小地方，表示“到达某地。arrive是不及物动词，后 面可不接地点。注意：home, there, here 前面不用介词，get home=reach home=arrive home.如 ： When wi

4、ll you arrive? 你 什 么 时 候 到 达？communicate with 与交流connect with 与相连end with以结束share with 和分享come up with想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）2.同一动词型look短语look for寻找；寻求look at 看look out小心；注意look through快速查看；浏览look down upon瞧不起；看低look back at回首（往事）；回忆；回顾come短语come down 下来come from 来自come true 实现come in/into 进入； 进来come on快点儿

5、；力口油come into being 形成come up to（为攀谈而）走到跟前；走近get短语get away 逃离get in进入；到达；收获get off下车get over 克服get up起床；站起get away from避免，摆脱；逃离get used to习惯于get in the way （of）挡的路；妨碍compare with与作比较deal with解决，处理play with 和玩catch up with赶上；超过fall in love with喜欢上,和相爱look after照顾；照看look like看起来像look over 检查look up to

6、钦佩；仰慕look forward to 盼望；期待look up （在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅；抬头看come back回来；想起来come over过来；顺便来访come out出现；出版come across（偶然）遇见（或发现）come back to回到（主题、想法等）上来come up with想出；提出（主意、答案等）get back 回来get on上车get out离开，出去get to到达get into陷入；参与get out of离开；从出来get into the habit of 养成的习惯get on/along with与和睦相处/关系良好get read

7、y for为做准备give短语give away 捐赠give in屈服；让步give out散布;分发make短语make sure确信，证实make sense有道理；有意义make full use of 充分利用put短语put away 放好put off推迟put out熄灭put on上演；增加（体重）；发胖put into投入；投放（资金）put together组装；把放在一起take短语take after与长得像take in吸收；吸入take over接收，接管take care of 照顾take pride in 以为傲take out切除；摘除；带走turn短语t

8、urn around转身；调转方向turn up调高（声音turn out结果是turn to转向；求助于turn back （使）返回；（使）折回give back还给，归还give off发出（光、热等）give up放弃make up编造（故事、谎言等）；化妆make fun of 取笑make up of构成，由组成put down WT，记下put back将放回put up搭建；张贴put in安装；把写进（信函、故事等）put through使经受（磨炼、痛苦等）put up with容忍；忍受take down拆除；往下拽；记录take off起飞；脱掉takeup占用，占据；

9、开始从事take part in 参加take the place of 代替take away from 从拿走turn off 关掉turn into 变成turn.over 使翻转turn down拒绝；调低（声音）turn right/left 向右 /左转turn on接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开【变式 11 （2022江苏无锡市华庄中学二模）These “Da Bai didnt take any notice of the noise in the crowd and with test.A. worked out B. worked onC. carried onD. car

10、ried out【变式2 （2022江苏连云港市新海初级中学三模）一Can you share with us why you are so successful?一Nothing special. You just need to new challenges and never give up.A. take upB. take offC. take onD. take away【变式3】（2022江苏盐城市鹿鸣路初级中学三模）All the tables were, so we had to wait for 30 minutes.A. given away B. kept awayC.

11、 taken upD. put up【变式4 （2022江苏梅岭中学教育集团运河中学二模）一Fm sorry to on you, but could you raiseyour voice a little?OK, I will.A. cut downB. cut offC. cut outD. cut in【变式 5 （2022江苏靖江市滨江学校三模）一Good news! A company producing a special battery will be set up in Taizhou.一True! A series of new policies （政策）have the

12、use of new energy cars around China recently.A. pushed inB. put outC. pushed forD. put off【变式6 （2022江苏扬州中学教育集团树人学校三模）一In his livestreams, Liu Genghong appears energetic, friendly and super fit.一Yes, he dances to up-beat songs while explaining and his moves.A. breaking out B. breaking down C. breakin

13、g through D. breaking into【变式 7 （2022江苏连云港外国语学校二模）Meng Wanzhou arrived Shenzhen, Guangdongthe afternoon of Sept 25, after being legally held for three years in Canada.A. in;inB. at;onC. at;inD. in;on【变式 8】（2022江苏东台市实验中学三模）Many people haven realized that our natural resources willone day, so its time

14、 to protect them.A. break outB. put outC. turn outD. run out【变式 9 （2022江苏盐城市初级中学三模）In 1946, the United Nations UNICEF to improvechildrens lives after World War II.A. took upB. put upC. set upD. gave up【变式 10 （2022江苏镇江模拟预测）一P. E will be more important in the Entrance Examination for the high school.D

15、ont worry. Nothing will be difficult when you are willing to it.A. pay attention to B. laugh atC. worry about D. hear of【变式 111 （2022江苏无锡模拟预测）一You are so excited, Simon! What happened?一We won the writing competition, and the result to be better than expected.A. turned outB. found outC. worked out D.

16、 broke out【变式 12 （2022江苏苏州市金阊实验中学校一模）一Could we the training time to 3:00 p.m., MrLiu?You mean 2:00 p.m. is a little earlier? Lets discuss it with the coach.A. find outB. give upC. cut outD. put off【变式 13 （2022江苏南通市新桥中学一模）Actions speak louder than words. You should yourstudy plan as soon as possible.

17、A. work outB. turn outC. put outD. carry out【变式 14 （2022江苏射阳县第三中学一模）一The music is very beautiful, but Im afraid it is too loud.Could you please?OK. I will.A.turn it upB. turn it onC.turn it downD. turn it off【变式 15 （2022,江苏镇江二模）Do you know that the colour white can help people in time of fear?A.look

18、 downB. calm downC.put downD. come down【变式16 （2022江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校三模）Every time little Andrew is late for school, heHla lie. So I wonder what he will say this time.A. setupB. put upC. pick upD. make up考向三情态动词B用题招氧例（2022江苏淮安中考真题）一Miss Li. I dont want to say sorry to DanieL一Im afraid you. After all, you

19、broke his glasses.A. mayB. have toC. mustntD. neednt|例 2| (2022江苏盐城中考真题)Safety comes first. Everyone on the coach wear the seat belt.A. canB. cantC. mustD. mustnt|例,(2022江苏镇江中考真题)一I dont care what Kate thinks.一Well, you. Her suggestions are of some value.A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. could|例 4| (2022江

20、苏扬州中考真题)Protect your hearing. Dont wait until you hear a thing.A. needntB. mustntC. shouldntD. cant摩命题日也情态动词情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没 有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。考点一：1. can的用法：(1) .表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能 力，此时 may 和 must 均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can?t. o I ca

21、n see with my eyes.(2) .表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary.你可以用我的字典。(3) .表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时caift译为“不可能”。如：Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗？ 一Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？ 一No, it can be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。2. could的用法：(1) can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示

22、过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10.(2) could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗？ 一Yes, you can.可以。3. may的用法：(1)表示请求、许可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now.现在你可以回家了。(2)表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。(3) may的过

23、去式为might,表示推测时。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick.(4)表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may+主+V如：May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。May you succeed!祝你成功！4. must的用法：(1) must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。注意区分must和have to的区别：1 .must侧重说话者的主观看法，认为有必要有义务去做某事。have

24、 to侧重于客观需要，含有“不得不，被 迫”之意。如：My bike was broken yesterday, so I had to walk to school.昨天我的自行车坏了，所以我只能走路去学 校。(2)其否定形式mustn表示 一定不要” “千万别” “禁止,不许”.如：You mustn,t play with fire.你不许玩火(3)对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn或don have to.如：Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗？ 一No, you needn.不，你不必。(4) must 表示有把握的

25、推测，用于肯定句。如：The light is on, so he must be at home now.5. need的用法：(1) need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为neednt意为“没有必要，不 必”。用need提问时，肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn。如：一Need I stay here any longer?我还有必要留在这儿吗？ 一Yes, you must .是的。一No. you neediTt.(2) need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如：I need to do it right

26、now.我需要马上做这件事。6. should的用法：(1) should意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如：We should protect the environment.7. had better 的用法：had better do sth 最好做某事，一般用在肯定句。如：YouM better get some sleep.不用于疑问句。否定式：had better not do sth.如： Youd better not waste any more of your time.【易错警示】考点二:不同情态动词的否定意义也不同：1. (1) can可译为“不会”，如：

27、I can play basketball.我不会打篮球。(2)当句子表推测时,用 caift 表达不可能,如：He can9t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.2. may的否定式为may not,译成“可能不* 如：He may not be at home.他也许不在家。3. (1) mustn表示不许，不可。如：He mustn leave his room.他不许离开他的房间。(2) mustn也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。如：一May I stand here?我可以站在这里吗？ 一No, you mustnt (cant).不,

28、不行。4. (1) needift 意为不必。如：You needift meet him unless yoifd like to.你不需要见他，除非你愿意。5. shouldiTt 表示不应该。如：You shouldn feel so unhappy over such little things.对于这种小事，你不应 该感到这么不高兴。【变式1】（2022江苏省淮阴中学开明分校二模）We wear masks in public to keep away fromCOVID-19.A. mustB. couldC. mayD. need【变式2】（2022江苏无锡外国语学校二模）一Ho

29、w is it going in your new company?一It be better. Tm always in high spirits at work.A. shouldntB. couldntC. mustntD. may not【变式 3】（2022江苏连云港外国语学校二模）Dad signed for a package just now. Tm sure itbe a Bing Dwen Dwen, from my uncle in Beijing.A. mayB. shouldC. mustD. can【变式4 （2022.江苏.常州市武进区星辰实验学校二模）一The

30、designer has tried every possible way to make the phone light enough.Thats great! I worry about its weight then.A. cantB. couldntC. needntD. mustnt【变式 5 （2022江苏东台巾实验中学三模）Mobile phones and electronic calculators be broughtinto exam rooms at exam times.A. couldntB. needntC. mustntD. dont have to【变式 6】

31、（2022江苏盐城市初级中学三模）He was so clever that he play the piano at the age of 5.A. canB. mayC. couldD. must【变式 7 （2022江苏射阳县第三中学一模）一I cant stop playing computer games.一For your health, my boy. Tm afraid you.A. canB. mayC. willD. have to【变式 8】（2023江苏无锡外国语学校一模）You may not be able to control all the things tha

32、t happen to you, but you decide not to be reduced by them.A. shouldB. mustC. needD. can【变式9（2022江苏镇江模拟预测）一Who is the boy under the tree?He be Toms brother, Im not sure.A. mayB. cantC. mustD. shouldnt【变式 10 （2022江苏射阳县第三中学一模）一Im fined for over-speeding? Are you serious?一Sure, madam. You ride your elec

33、tric bike at the speed of over 25 km ph.A. may notB. mayC. mustntD. must【变式 111 （2022江苏宿迁三模）一 I take the newspapers and magazines out of the library, MissGreen?一No, you mustnt。 You can read it only here.A. MayB. MustC. NeedD. Should【变式 12 （2022江苏无锡模拟预测）一Mum, why do I have to wash my hands so often?一

34、For your health, you be too careful.A. cannotB. may notC. mustntD. neednt【变式 131 （2022江苏南通模拟预测）一Look! The man who is playing basketball with the boys must be Mr Wang.一It be him. He went abroad for further study yesterday.A. needntB. may notC. cantD. mustnt【变式 14 （2022 江苏宿迁三模）State Security （安全）Law o

35、f the People s Republic of China shows that weprovide any information to foreigners.A. shouldntB. cantC. mustntD. neednt【变式 15 （2022江苏泰州二模）Mr. Wu tells me that we come to the library every time. Werenew books online.A. cant; canB. mustnt; mustC. neednt; canD. shouldnt; may【变式 16 （2022江苏常州二模）Since he

36、 has finished most of his homework at school, he stay uplate tonight.A. cantB. needntC. couldntD. mustnt【变式 17（2022江苏无锡二模）一Stephen is hard-working at work, isnt he?一Stephen? You be joking. He does nothing.A. mustB. needC. canD. may【变式18 （2022江苏宿迁市宿豫区教育局教研室二模）一He be in the classroom.一No. I saw him go

37、 home a minute ago.A. shouldB. canC. mayD. shouldnt【变式 19 （2022江苏苏州二模）Your answer be right, but Tm going to check to make sure.A. mightB. cantC. mustD. needntThey arrived at the village.他彳门至！J达了 小村庄。(3) borrow from意为从借来(借入)”；lend to意为把借给(借出)”:keep意为“保存，借；return=give back 意为归还”。如：I borrow a book from

38、 the school library and I can keep it for a month.我从学校图书馆借来一本书，我可以借一个月。Could you lend your bike to me? ( =lend me your bike)你可以把自行车借给我吗？(4) look意为“看”,表动作；see意为“看见”，表结果；watch意为“注视Q read意为“看书报，阅 读”。如：Look at the blackboard, please. Can you see it clearly?请看黑板。你能看清吗？Fd like to watch a film tonight 我想今晚

39、去看电影。Don read books in the sun. If s bad for your eyes.别在太阳下看书，对眼睛有害。(5)say意为“说”，后面常接说的内容(用”引用，或用it, what, that从句代替说的内容)； speak意为“说，演讲”，后面接语言，或指在会议上发言,sb.speaking电话用语，某人正在接电话； talk意为“交谈”，不及物动词，常用talk to或talk with意为“同某人谈话”；tell意为“告诉，讲述“，常用搭配：tell a story 讲故事”,tell a lie “说谎”，tell the truth “说真相”，tell

40、 sb. sth.告诉某人某事，tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不)做某事。如：I can，t understand what you said just now我不能理解你刚才所说的话。Most of people in the world speak English.世界上大多数的人讲英语。He likes talking to / with me.他喜欢跟我交谈。She told me a secret yesterday.她昨天告诉我一个秘密。(6) spend 意为花费时间或金钱”,主语是人，spend on sth.； spend (in) doing

41、sth.；cost意为“某物值多少钱，花费多少钱”，主语是物，sth. cost sb. some money；pay支付钱，主语是人，payfor -；take用于固定句型中，It takes / took sb,+时间+to do sth.如：I spent 30 yuan on the book.=I spent 30 yuan buying the book. =The book cost me 30 yuan.=1 paid 30 yuan for the book.我花了 30 元买这本书。(7) bring意为“带来”；take意为“拿去，带走”；carry意为“扛，搬，抱”,常

42、用于重物；fetch意为“去拿来，往返拿”。如：The box is too heavy to carry.这箱子太重了，抬不起。Sorry, I forgot to bring my bag here.抱歉，我忘记把包带来这里了。Kate, take the umbrella with you. If s going to rain.凯特，把伞随身带去，快下雨了。(8) wear意为“穿着”，表示状态；put on意为“穿上”，表示动作；in+颜色，表示“穿着某颜色衣服”；dress意为“穿衣，dress sb.意为“给某人穿衣，dress oneself意为某人自己穿衣服”，dress u

43、p as意为装扮成”。如： Look at the man in green! He is wearing a thick coat in such a hot day! When did he put it on?看那个穿着绿衣服的男士！他大热天正穿着一件厚厚的大衣！他什么时候穿上的？Children dress up as ghosts on Halloween.孩子们在万圣节的时候装扮成鬼神的样子。(9) listen意为听”,不及物动词，listen to sth./sb.；hear意为“听到”，表结果；sound意为“听起来”，接形容词。如：Listen! There is a gi

44、rl singing outside. Can you hear?听，有个女孩在外面唱歌。你能听见吗？(10) look for意为“寻找”，强调的是过程；find意为“找到”，强调的是结果；find out意为“查明”。如：I looked for my key everywhere, but I couldn, t find it.我到处找钥匙，但我找不到。The window is broken. Can you find out who broke it?窗坏了。你能查出是谁打破的吗？(11) leave意为“遗漏，落下，leavesth.+地点“把某物落在某地”；forget意为“忘

45、记，forget to do忘记要做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事；lose意为“丢失”。如：I lost my watch and I wanted to buy a new one.我手表丢失了，我想买个新的。I forgot to bring my bag home. Maybe I left it in the reading room.我忘记把包带回家了。可能我把包落在 阅览室了。(12) join意为“参加党派或组织，成为其中一员”，join the Party入党，join the army参军，join the club加入俱乐部；take part in=join

46、 in参加聚会或活动；attend 参加会议，attend the meeting o如：We，11 take part in social practice during the summer vacation.我们将在暑期参加社会实践。Come and join us!快来加入我们吧。(13) lose 意为“输给某人，losetosb.；fail意为“失败”，fail to do sth.做某事失败了，fail the exam考试不及格；beat意为“打败”，beat sb.打败某人，beat+队伍打败某队；win意为“赢得(荣誉、地位、比赛、战争等)，win the game。如：W

47、e lost the match.我们比赛输了。=We didn win the match.Team A beat Team B. A 组打败了 B 组。(14) turn常指颜色变化，turn+颜色；get/grow指天色变化；get指天变长、变短、变暖、变冷；become指天变暖、变冷。如：The leaves were turning brown.叶子变成了褐色。The sky grew / got dark soon.天很快变黑了。The days are getting longer and longer now.现在白天变得越来越长了。【变式 1】（2022江苏无锡巾华庄中学二模）In character-training of children, what really is whattheir parents say and do.A. considersB