语料库在英语教学中的应用.优秀PPT.ppt

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1、语料库在英语教学中的应用语料库在英语教学中的应用外研社外研社2008暑期高校老师研修班研修汇暑期高校老师研修班研修汇报报汇报人 李静主讲专家主讲专家梁茂成梁茂成 教授教授北京外国语高校中国外语教化探讨中心专职探讨员北京外国语高校中国外语教化探讨中心专职探讨员,博士生导师博士生导师.李文中教授李文中教授河南师范高校外国语学院院长河南师范高校外国语学院院长,博士博士,探讨方向为语料库语言学探讨方向为语料库语言学,语料库与外语教语料库与外语教学探讨学探讨,计算机协助语言教学探讨计算机协助语言教学探讨.许家金博士许家金博士北京外国语高校中国外语教化探讨中心专职探讨员北京外国语高校中国外语教化探讨中心专

2、职探讨员.1.什么是语料库什么是语料库?2.谁能用到语料库谁能用到语料库?3.语料库在英语教学中的应用语料库在英语教学中的应用A collection of naturally occurring language text,chosen to characterize a state or variety of a language(Sinclair 1991)Whats corpora?特点特点:容量大容量大,语料真实语料真实,检索快捷精确检索快捷精确电脑语料库是一个由大量在真实状况下运用的语言信息电脑语料库是一个由大量在真实状况下运用的语言信息集成的集成的,可供计算机检索的可供计算机检索

3、的,特地作探讨运用的巨型资特地作探讨运用的巨型资料库料库.语料库的类型语料库的类型原始语料库原始语料库(raw corpora)将现实中运用的口头和笔头语用文字形式收集起来将现实中运用的口头和笔头语用文字形式收集起来,按确定的原则按确定的原则(语域语域,语体语体,历历时时,共时等共时等)归类汇编起来的各种语料库归类汇编起来的各种语料库.驸码语料库驸码语料库(annotated corpora),这是指对原始语料进行了词性这是指对原始语料进行了词性,语法语法,语音语音,语语义或语篇的语料库义或语篇的语料库学习者语料库学习者语料库(learners corpora),即非母语学习者的口头和书面语料

4、库即非母语学习者的口头和书面语料库,其中包括其中包括注有学习者拼法和语法差错标记以及改错提示的语料库注有学习者拼法和语法差错标记以及改错提示的语料库.如如ICLE(国际英语学习者国际英语学习者书面语料库书面语料库),LINDSEI(国际英语学习者口语语料库国际英语学习者口语语料库),(中国英语学习者书面语料中国英语学习者书面语料库库)(桂师春桂师春 2001)和和(中国学生英语口笔语语料库中国学生英语口笔语语料库.(文秋芳文秋芳 王立非王立非)Corporas UsersEFL teachersLanguage learnersTextbook makersLexicographers Cor

5、pus researchersLinguists of many kindsComputational linguistsAutomatic translationOne doesnt have to be a computer expert or a programmer to use corpora.语料库在英语教学中的应用语料库在英语教学中的应用语料库将大量有真实语境意义的实例以数据或语境共现的形式呈现在学习者面前,能够形成一种吸引学习者留意力,有利于强化记忆以及帮助学习者利用语境获得语义和总结规律的学习环境.利用语料库信息检验利用语料库信息检验教学大纲教学大纲的语法排序的语法排序Can

6、 must may shall will Mindt(英国口语语料库)的前12篇以英语为本族语者的对话语料调查中发觉,will 的出现频率仅次于can,大大高于must 和may.be going to 放在 will 前教利用语料库信息编排利用语料库信息编排教学内容教学内容Some 用于确定句用于确定句,any 一般用于否定句和疑问句一般用于否定句和疑问句.50%的的any 竟是用于确定式陈述句竟是用于确定式陈述句30%-40%的的any用于否定式陈述句用于否定式陈述句10%用于疑问句用于疑问句初中英语教材第一册初中英语教材第一册69例例any 中中,44例为否定句例为否定句,25例为疑问句

7、例为疑问句,无一例为确定句无一例为确定句语料库干脆用做课堂教材语料库干脆用做课堂教材从语料库选取一批/篇文章,或者针对某一语法句型和词汇事先从语料库里提取一批实例,稍做处理之后便可拿到课堂上运用,使学生接触到大量真实,簇新的阅读材料.由学生干脆参与选材选例的过程.如将某报刊文章制作成报刊语料库光盘作为学生的英语阅读课教材.词汇教学词汇教学 Variable various 语法教学语法教学关于which 的问题哪些例句显示which不是用做关系代词,依据是什么?哪些例句中的which可以用that 替代?为什么有的例句中的which 不能用that来替代?Before class Questi

8、ons we often ponderVocabulary learningWhat are the common words(常见词常见词)and their common uses(常见用法常见用法)?How about the collocation(搭配搭配)of a word?What are the probable collocates(可能搭配可能搭配)of a word?What is the semantic preference（语义上的选择，情感上的倾（语义上的选择，情感上的倾向等）向等）of a word?Before class Specific questions

9、 for classroom teachingHow many words are used in a text(or a collection of texts),and how often?How long are those words,sentences,and paragraphs?What are the most common words in a text?How much vocabulary is needed to read a specific text?How many words do the students already know，how many they

10、may not know,and how many words are not on the list specified in a syllabus?How to determine the difficulty level of a text compared with a textbook material?What are those words that the students frequently used in their writings?In class How can I paraphrase a word,a sentence,and even a whole text

11、?How should I look for the instances of a word or a phrase in the similar context?How should I design exercises,quizzes,and other follow-up activities based the real language data?How should I deal with grammar,lexis and patterns?How should I know which words are unique to a particular text?After cl

12、ass Assessing learningWhat are the typical problems encountering our learners?GrammarUse of wordUse of idioms and collocationsUse of patternsSpoken and written discoursetranslationLearning developmentWhat factors contribute to our learners proficiency?Are there any development stages?After class Tes

13、ting learnersStudents writingsOther test items例一对free hand 的索引分析例二搜寻一下knowledge这个词在英语为母语和英语为非母语的语料中的动词搭配例三高校英语学生作文中knowledge ability society 搭配的动词有哪些,特征是什么?例 四学生习作高分组和低分组产出性词汇差异例 5利用Antcorn 软件对比分析 New York Time 和China Daily 对汶川地震报道的用词差异China Daily多次运用quake,而 New York Time 运用词汇更丰富China Daily中出现的地名较多,

14、而New York Time 运用的地名较笼统常用语料库资源介绍常用语料库资源介绍见光盘见光盘 others,Corpus index语料库搜寻软件和搜寻网址介绍语料库搜寻软件和搜寻网址介绍Using corporaMaking wordlistsRanking and sortingGrouping word families:lemmaSpecial lists:affixes,categoriesWord cluster listUsing wordlistsComparison&contrastDistribution and recurrencesIntegrating with a

15、 third party software toolUsing corporaKWIC(key word in context):word-based analysisA word stringA word sequenceCollocation&collocatesPatternsPhraseology and unit of meaningKWIC&category-based analysisPOS analysisPattern Colligation Sentence structureUsing corporaText-based analysisKeyword,key keywo

16、rd,associatesPlot analysisGenre analysisDiscourse analysisSpoken discourse analysisWritten discourse analysisCritical discourse analysisSpecial discourse analysisUsing corporaLearner corporaLearner language analysisContrast Interlanguage analysisAutomatic writing ratingTranslation studiesParallel te

17、xts:looking for translation factsTranslation units,corresponding unitsUsing corporaUse in the classroomDDL(data-driven learning)Web-based learningTextbook corpusUsing multimedia corpusWhat elseConstructing a corpusExplore its usesDoing researchBut howBottom-up learningStarting from scratchAlways beginning with a questionStarting a taskLearning by doingMaking it your ownTop-down learningReading the literatureUnderstanding its methodologyStudying the previous researchDoing your ownThanks